溶血栓药物近年来的研究进展

血栓病是人类的常见多发病,心脑血管疾病中有很大比例本质为血栓病。溶栓疗法是治疗血栓性疾病的重要方法之一。本文概述了血栓形成和溶栓的机理,介绍了目前常用的溶栓药物。近年来溶血栓药物的研究进展主要集中在两大方面,一方面为通过基因工程技术和单克隆抗体技术改造的新型纤溶酶原激活剂药物,另一方面为新型来源的溶栓药,主要来自生物体天然产生的抗凝血和溶栓成分。本文对这些方法作了较为全面的综述。     

人纤溶酶原结构和功能研究进展

纤溶酶原(plasminogen，Pig)是溶解纤维蛋白和溶解血栓过程中关键的酶原前体之一，通过纤溶酶原激活剂激活而形成纤溶酶，进而发挥纤溶和栓溶作用。纤溶酶作为一种广谱的蛋白水解酶还能水解多种蛋白质，尤其是细胞外基质蛋白，并激活其它酶原，因而在组织重建，细胞转移，抑制肿瘤新生血管形成等过程中发挥重要作用。对纤溶酶原结构和功能的深入研究，无疑会为抗血栓、抗肿瘤的临床冶疗提供新的方法。     

与时间赛跑

九年前，食品与药品管理局批准组织纤溶酶原激活因子（tPA）作为第一种、也是至今为止唯一获准用于治疗缺血性中风的药物。缺血性中风是由于脑血栓导致神经细胞缺氧而引起的疾病。但是，只有3％的缺血性中风患者接受了这种溶栓药物的治疗，主要原因是他们能够在发病后3小时内到达急诊室。超过3小时，tPA降低死亡率和残疾率的疗效就会降低，而引起危险性出血的相对风险则会增加。近来，科学家们已经发现了延长tPA的治疗时间的办法——至少对于部分患者来说是这样的，同时也发现了在发病3小时后使用起来既有效又安全的替代药物。     

平菇纤溶酶酶学性质研究

血栓栓塞性疾病严重威胁人类生命和健康,溶栓治疗是血栓性疾病安全有效的手段。目前临床使用的溶栓药物疗效肯定但还存在许多缺陷,而且价格昂贵。因此对高效、快速、副作用小、价格低廉的新型溶栓药物的研究开发仍在继续。微生物是获得溶栓药物的重要来源,本课题对平菇纤溶酶的部分酶学性质进行了研究。研究表明此平菇纤溶酶最适作用p H值为7.4;在p H5.0~9.0范围内稳定性很好。此平菇纤溶酶的最适作用温度为45℃,在45℃以上时此平菇纤溶酶酶活下降较快,在31~45℃时酶活变化较小,由此可见此平菇纤溶酶对高温较为敏感,但在人体正常体温条件下可保持稳定。金属离子对此平菇纤溶酶有不同程度的抑制作用和激活作用。     

眼、口、生殖器(Behcet)综合症治愈32例

以32例眼、口、生殖器(Behcet)综合症为例,讨论了它的诊断标准、治疗及结果等问题.     

数字电路中“卡诺图”的教学探讨

在数字电路中,逻辑函数的化简利用"卡诺图"法进行,则可简捷直观地得到最简的与-或逻辑表达式。针对职业学校电子专业学生的特点,进行因材施教,深入浅出,正确引导,让学生熟练掌握使用"卡诺图"法进行化简,是教学过程中值得研究探索的问题。     

刍议创新型国家(省、市)的评价指标体系

通过对创新型国家的主要评价指标的研究和存在问题的分析,详细阐述了欧盟创新记分牌的评估指标及结果,论证了采用国际上对创新型国家的评价体系的可行性,提出借鉴欧盟创新记分牌作为建设创新型国家或省份的评价体系的参考价值和现实意义。     

分子肿瘤学的学科带头人

郑杰教授的科研成果包插首先用双相凝胶电泳分离出人胎盘滋养叶细胞的标记蛋白首次发现新型新生儿独眼畸形；首先确定HPV在其自身的启动子作用下体外可以永生化人宫颈上皮细胞；发现人成纤维细胞可以诱导HPV永生化人宫颈上皮细胞停泊独立生长；发现KGF对HPV永生化人宫颈上皮细胞的病毒早期基因的转录起抑制作用；发现KGF可以增加HPV永生化人宫颈上皮细胞尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA）的分泌；     

中，小型火（热）电厂冲灰水自动控制系统的研制

针对我国目前30MW火力发电机组冲灰水使用现状,结合我公司现有生产现状,兼顾我公司将来的扩容需要,提出对原有冲灰水系统适当改造,利用工业控制机和可编程控制器组成供水自动监控系统,根据炉灰的多少(与发电量基本成正比),对冲灰水进行实时自动控制。在保证炉灰正常排放的情况下,改进并完善系统的各种功能,提高了系统的实时性和可靠性,大量减少冲灰水,可大幅度节约水资源,具有重大的经济效 益和社会效益。     

中、小型电厂冲灰水自动控制系统的研制

针对我国目前30MW火力发电机组冲灰水使用现状,结合我公司现有生产现状,兼顾我公司将来的扩容需要,提出对原有冲灰水系统适当改造,利用工业控制机和可编程控制器组成供水自动监控系统,根据炉灰的多少(与发电量基本成正比),对冲灰水进行实时自动控制.在保证炉灰正常排放的情况下,改进并完善系统的各种功能,提高了系统的实时性和可靠性,大量减少冲灰水,可大幅度节约水资源,具有重大的经济效益和社会效益.     

2型糖尿病大鼠基因表达变化的研究

研究2型糖尿病大鼠和正常大鼠肾脏组织差异表达基因,筛选与糖尿病相关的基因。应用基因芯片技术对糖尿病和正常大鼠的肾脏组织的mRNA进行检测。在4096条目的基因中共发现差异基因41条（其中5个基因上调,36个基因下调）,全部在GeneBank中登录。2型糖尿病的发生、发展涉及多基因改变,用基因芯片在寻找新的2型糖尿病相关基因方面有极大的应用前景,对于糖尿病的诊断,治疗和预防具有一定的临床应用前景。     

Serum Lp(a) in diabetics with and without evidence of clinical nephropathy—A preliminary study

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a marked increase in the risk of coronary artery disease. Dyslipidaemia is believed to be a major cause of this increased risk. Recently, elevated levels of lipoprotein (a), Lp(a), have been reported to be associated with an increased risk. However there is very little data regarding Lp(a) concentrations and type 2 diabetes from India. The objective of the study was to assess serum Lp(a) levels in type 2 diabetics with and with out evidence of clinical nephropathy. We estimated serum Lp(a) levels in 30 control subjects, 30 diabetics without evidence of clinical nephropathy and 30 diabetics with evidence of clinical nephropathy. Statistical analysis showed that Lp(a) levels were increased in diabetic patients with nephropathy (mean 46.3±17.6 mg/dl). The Lp(a) levels however did not differ significantly between control (mean 20.2±15.9 mg/dl) and diabetics without nephropathy (mean 22.6±13.1mg/dl). Thus diabetes per se seems to have little or no influence on serum Lp(a) levels, however elevated levels were seen in patients with nephropathy.     

Validation of an immunoassay to measure plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 concentrations in human saliva

Introduction:

We have previously shown that the concentrations of D-dimer are significantly elevated in saliva compared with plasma. Saliva offers several advantages compared with blood analysis. We hypothesised that human saliva contains plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and that the concentrations are not affected by the time of saliva collection. The aim was to adopt and validate an immunoassay to quantify PAI-1 concentrations in saliva and to determine whether saliva collection time has an influence in the measurement.

Materials and methods:

Two saliva samples (morning and afternoon) from the same day were collected from healthy subjects (N = 40) who have had no underlying heart conditions. A customized AlphaLISA® immunoassay (PerkinElmer®, MA, USA) was adopted and used to quantify PAI-1 concentrations. We validated the analytical performance of the customized immunoassay by calculating recovery of known amount of analyte spiked in saliva.

Results:

The recovery (95.03%), intra- (8.59%) and inter-assay (7.52%) variations were within the acceptable ranges. The median salivary PAI-1 concentrations were 394 pg/mL (interquartile ranges (IQR) 243.4–833.1 pg/mL) in the morning and 376 (129.1–615.4) pg/mL in the afternoon and the plasma concentration was 59,000 (24,000–110,000) pg/mL. Salivary PAI-1 did not correlate with plasma (P = 0.812).

Conclusions:

The adopted immunoassay produced acceptable assay sensitivity and specificity. The data demonstrated that saliva contains PAI-1 and that its concentration is not affected by the time of saliva collection. There is no correlation between salivary and plasma PAI-1 concentrations. Further studies are required to demonstrate the utility of salivary PAI-1 in CVD risk factor studies.     

B淋巴瘤恶变机理研究进展

通过综述Ｂ细胞淋巴瘤的发生发展与异常免疫反应、细胞周期失调控和抗凋亡的联系,认为Ｂ细胞淋巴瘤是研究细胞周期失调控和凋亡异常,以及肿瘤免疫的最好模式,其中的ＣＤ４和ＩＬ２Ｒ的估Ｂ淋巴瘤发病机理研究中值得受到更大重视。     

SCI检索系统在科研绩效评价中的应用

本文针对我国目前的具体国情，从SCI的论文收录和引用率2个方面分 析了采用SCI检索系统进行科研绩效评价的优点及其局限，并提出了其适用范围。     

中国林业对外直接投资的区域战略

经历了1998年夏秋之际的大洪水,我国政府提出了全国禁止砍伐天然林的决定,这对我国木材市场将产生重大影响。我国森林资源相对贫乏,禁伐天然林更加扩大了林产品需求和供给之间存在的缺口。为保证我国经济的持续发展,有必要开发外森林资源,建立自主开发的海外资源基地。本文根据国内外木材市场的供需特点和世界各国森林资源的丰铙度,探讨了我国木材进口、林业对外直接投资的区域战略。     

重大研究计划“纳米制造的基础研究”综述

纳米技术与生物技术、信息技术并列为21世纪的三大科技,是21世纪高技术竞争的制高点,而纳米制造则是支撑它们走向应用的基础。为提高我国制造业应对未来科技发展的需要,国家自然科学基金委员会于2008年启动实施了"纳米制造的基础研究"重大研究计划。本文介绍了该重大研究计划的立项意义,国内外研究现状、趋势与挑战,科学目标、关键科学问题与重点研究领域,组织与管理措施,以及2009年度项目资助情况,便于公众更好地了解和参与该重大研究计划,促进我国纳米制造及其相关领域基础研究深入开展。     

Association of Estrogen Receptor-α Gene &; Metallothionein-1 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetic Women of Andhra Pradesh

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease where both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Estrogen plays an important role in type 2 DM pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor (ESR1), including the XbaI and PvuII restriction enzyme polymorphisms of ESR1,which may be involved in disease pathogenesis. Metallothioneins (MT) act as potent antioxidants against various oxidative damages. Very few studies have indicated the association between Estrogen Receptor-α, MT1 gene polymorphisms with type2 DM. A total of 100 type 2 diabetic women and 100 age, sex matched controls were recruited. Using the PCR based RFLP method, the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 and in MT1A (rs8052394 and rs11076161) gene polymorphisms were analysed. The genotype distribution and frequency of mutated allele showed no significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic groups in PvuII (χ2 = 2.443; P = 0.1181) or XbaI (χ2 = 1.789; P = 0.1812) and rs8052394 (χ2 = 1.154; P = 0.2840) or rs11076161 (χ2 = 0.4141; P = 0.5199), polymorphisms. This is the first Indian study to conclude that ESR1 and MT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Indian women.     

固体氧化物燃料电池的现状与发展

固体氧化物燃料电池是将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的电化学装置，具有高效率、零污 染、无噪声等特点。它可以为民用、商业、军事和交通运输等提供高质量的电源。这一技术 的成功应用对于缓解能源危机、满足对电力数量和质量的需求、保护生态环境和国家安全都 具有重大的意义。本文简略地介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池及其现状和存在的问题，并就作者 的观点提出了值得深入研究的课题。     

Age-Related Changes in Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) and Receptor 2 (sVEGFR2) in Healthy Japanese Subjects

We measured serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) and receptor 2 (sVEGFR2) levels in healthy Japanese individuals in order to establish a reference value using a specific ELISA. Significant differences were observed in serum sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels between children and adults. To demonstrate the usefulness of the reference value for children, we measured serum sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels in children with diarrhea positive (D+) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) as a preliminary study. Serum sVEGFR2 levels in children with HUS were markedly higher than those in healthy children from the onset of D + HUS. The reference value for healthy children in the present study will allow normal and pathological conditions to be discriminated from each other in future study