高山回转滑雪运动员训练中心率变化的研究

本文对5名高山回转滑雪运动员一个滑降周期中心率的变化进行分析。结果表明,一个滑降周期中心率变化可分为三期,并就三个时期的不同心率反应,分别提出训练中应注意的问题。同时结合滑雪运动的供能特点,提出了加大运动量的具体方法及有关夏训中应重点提高的身体指标。     

皮划艇激流回旋项目特征的科学化探索

2005年以前,我国运动员在皮划艇激流回旋4个奥运项目（男子单人皮艇、男子单人划艇、男子双人划艇和女子单人皮艇）上的成绩,均未进入过世界前15名。通过几年的努力,在2008年的两站世界杯比赛中,获得男子双人划艇和女子单人皮艇两枚银牌,取得历史性突破。但北京奥运会上,国家皮划艇激流队最终仅获得双划第10、单划第11、女子皮艇第13、男子皮艇第21的成绩。与前期的快速进步相比,此次奥运会的失利看似偶然,但却反映出我们仍未真正把握激流回旋项目的本质规律,对其特点的认识过于简单和片面,同时也说明,     

备战盐湖城冬奥会空中技巧国家集训队运动员助滑速度知觉测量与训练的研究

运用实践法配合国家集训队训练，以自报速度与实测速度的差值，评价运动员速度知觉。应用反馈原理，进行速度知觉训练，提高运动员助滑速度知觉能力，使运动员在不同条件下，都能调整在适宜的助滑速度下起跳，解决他们不会测速和测速不准的问题，最终为在盐湖城冬奥会上实现我国雪上项目金牌零的突破做贡献，特进行本课题研究。     

Morphological characteristics of Olympic slalom canoe and kayak paddlers

Abstract

Sidney and Shephard (1973) were the first to report on the morphology of slalom paddlers and characterized them as having “a substantial standing height and lean body mass, good general muscle development with particular emphasis on the leg muscles”. The purpose of this study was to analyse the morphological characteristics of Olympic slalom kayak and canoe paddlers to determine whether they possess unique physique or structural characteristics that provide an advantage for their sport. Thirty-one male and 12 female slalom paddlers were measured using a battery of 36 anthropometric dimensions in the 15-day period before competition at the 2000 Olympic Games. Male slalom paddlers were older, lighter, shorter, and leaner than previously reported slalom paddlers and had similar height and weight to a reference population of non-athletes. Compared with Olympic sprint paddlers, male slalom paddlers were older, lighter and shorter, and had similar body fat and almost identical proportionality characteristics. Female slalom paddlers were taller, lighter, older, and less fat than those reported previously. They were taller and lighter than the reference population of non-athletes and of similar age and height but lighter and leaner than the Olympic sprint paddlers. While a high brachial index was reported for both male and female slalom paddlers, the Best male paddlers (those ranked in the top 10 placings) were more compact, had smaller proportional hip girth, and showed a tendency for smaller proportional hip breadth but a larger proportional waist girth than the Rest (those not ranked in the top 10 placings). Changes to the technical aspect of the events and to competition rules and the nature and approach to training were explored as possible reasons for some of these differences. We outline the contribution this research makes to talent identification and highlight the need for further research.     

刘翔110m栏比赛第6栏腾空过栏阶段技术特征的剖析

采用文献资料、图像解析和比较分析等方法，对刘翔110m栏两站比赛第6栏腾空过栏阶段的动作技术进行分析，并与其他选手的若干技术参数作以比较，结果表明：（1）刘翔两次比赛第6栏腾空过栏时的躯干前倾性大，两腿最大夹角大，腾空时间短，腾空过栏的速度快；（2）刘翔两次比赛第6栏的跨栏步步长小，起跨攻栏距离与下栏着地距离之比非常接近理论上的最理想比例。     

端午民俗视角下龙舟竞渡文化发展研究——以温州地区为例

龙舟竞渡是端午节的传统项目,尤其在以"江南水乡"著称的温州,由于受早期吴越文化和"以船为车"生活方式等的影响,在数千年的历史进程中,培育了丰富的龙舟竞渡文化。本文在梳理温州龙舟竞渡发展历程的基础上,总结其自身文化特色;分析发展中的制约因素,并提出相应的发展策略。     

我国皮划艇激流回旋运动员运动损伤特点及预防

通过对国家皮划艇激流回旋队和省代表队激流皮划艇运动员9个多月训练和比赛期间运动创伤诊疗情况进行统计和调查，找出运动损伤的主要原因、常见部位及受伤容易发生的情况，并针对性地提出了防治的综合措施。     

皮划艇激流回旋赛道翻卷浪技术分析

翻卷浪是皮划艇激流回旋比赛中整个线路设置难度集中的水流区域,世界各地不同激流场地中,虽然各个场地在流速、流量、落差、深度等方面存在巨大的差异,但都存在不同翻卷浪。我国队员在国际比赛中,在翻卷浪线路上的发挥失误是整个失误中最高的。国内对此研究较少,研究通过对不同场地、不同条件下的翻卷浪线路的设置与技术要点进行了技术分析,选择最佳线路,改善和提高运动员能力,增强专项能力在国际比赛中竞争力。     

My heart is racing! Psychophysiological dynamics of skilled racecar drivers

Our purpose was to test the multi-action plan model assumptions in which athletes’ psychophysiological patterns differ among optimal and suboptimal performance experiences. Nine professional drivers competing in premier race categories (e.g. Formula 3, Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge) completed the study. Data collection involved monitoring the drivers’ perceived hedonic tone, accuracy on core components of action, posture, skin temperature, respiration rate and heart rate responses during a 40-lap simulated race. Time marks, gathered at three standardised sectors, served as the performance variable. The A1GP racing simulator (Allinsport, Modena) established a realistic race platform. Specifically, the Barcelona track was chosen because of its inherently difficult nature characterised by intermittent deceleration points. Idiosyncratic analyses showed large individual differences in the drivers’ psychophysiological profile, as well as distinct patterns in regards to optimal and suboptimal performance experiences. Limitations and future research avenues are discussed. Action- (e.g. attentional control) and emotion (e.g. biofeedback training)-centred applied sport psychology implications are advanced.     

我国优秀激流回旋运动员运动素质训练监测指标的研究

以备战2004年雅典奥运会资格赛的14名国家激流集训队划艇选手为研究对象，对所选取的17项运动素质指标进行测试和分析，确定影响优秀激流运动员运动素质的主要因子，选出8项身体训练的监测指标，并制定了评定标准和评定方法。     

America's Cup yacht racing: Race analysis and physical characteristics of the athletes

Abstract

The America's Cup is the oldest competing trophy in sport, yet little is known of the nature and intensity of racing or the physical characteristics of the athletes. In this study, aspects of the physical demands of America's Cup yacht racing were analysed, including the intensity of exercise and activity pattern of “grinding”. Anthropometric data were collected from 92 professional male America's Cup sailors, and fitness data from a top-4 and a lower-7 ranking team during the 32nd America's Cup. Over the 135 races, mean race duration was 82 min (s = 9), with 20 tacks (s = 10) and 8 gybes (s = 3) per race. Grinding bouts were 5.5 s (s = 5.4; range: 2.2–66.3) long, with 143 exercise bouts per race and an exercise-to-rest ratio of 1:6. Mean and peak heart rate was 64% and 92% of maximum for all positions, with bowmen highest (71% and 96%). Grinders were taller, heavier, and stronger than all other positions. Body fat was similar between positions (13%, s = 4). The higher-standard team was stronger and had greater strength endurance, which probably contributed to their quicker manoeuvres. Intensity of exercise was dependent on the similarity of competing boats and the role of the athlete. The short duration and intermittent nature of grinding is indicative of predominantly anaerobic energy provision.