论教师惩戒权之正当性及其异化

教育教学活动中,秩序的维护、自由的追求、教育利益的获得,都促使了对学生违规行为进行惩戒的需要.教师作为国家与社会的"委托人",作为教育教学活动的主导者,其职业权力中自然包括惩戒权.教师的惩戒权是指向学生违规行为、旨在保护和教育学生的一种手段,归属于公权范围.教师惩戒行为的失当,主要源干惩戒权的异化,而非惩戒权存在本身.     

论学校惩戒权及其法律规制

惩戒是教育活动的内在要求和必要组成部分,也是学生受教育权利充分实现的可靠保障.学生的权利不是绝对的,学校惩戒不同于"体罚"或者"变相体罚",适度、合理的惩戒是维护正常教育教学秩序的必要手段.惩戒权作为立法赋予学校或教师的权力,是国家教育权的具体化,具有典型的公法特征.必须明确惩戒权作为教师职业性权力的性质和法律地位,同时通过实体性、程序性立法,明确规定惩戒权的内容、行使的程序以及违法行使惩戒权应承担的法律责任,同时规定学生必要的救济途径,在保障达成公共教育目标的同时,不侵害学生的合法权益.     

家校合作视野下的教师教育惩戒权及其行使

教师教育惩戒权是国家赋予教师对学生进行教育管理的一种权利。家校合作视野下中小学教师教育惩戒权的行使,既有助于学校建立良性教育秩序、实现教育培养目标、保障教师职业权利,又有助于家长履行教育子女义务、监督教师行使教育惩戒权。然而,在合作过程中,教育惩戒权的行使受到家校合作下教师与家长惩戒观念不一致、沟通不到位、权责不明晰等制约。为了使家校合作能够有效促进教师教育惩戒权的行使,可以采取增强家校合作主体意识、建立家校对话协商机制、确保家校合作权责对等策略。     

约定·约束·约成——杭州西点男孩训练中心的做法及启示

惩戒教育是理性的教育,大致分为三个部分:约定是惩罚的前提;约束是惩罚的过程;约成是惩罚的结果和目的。教师拥有国家法律所赋予的管理控制权,对学生的违规行为做出否定性惩戒,以避免违规行为的再次发生,促进合乎规范行为的产生和巩固。     

中小学教师惩戒权存在的合理性探析

惩戒是通过外在力量对学生不良的思想、行为、习惯进行抑制的过程,有教育和警戒的作用。教师惩戒权是教师在教育过程中依据一定的规范对学生的失范行为施予否定性制裁,从而避免其再次发生,以促进合范行为产生与巩固的一种管理权力和教育权利。中小学教育作为一种专门培养人的活动,是由专职人员和专门机构承担的有目的、有系统、有组织的,以影响入学者的身心发展为直接目标的活动。在这个活动中,教师拥有对学生的教育权,其中必然包括对学生违规行为的惩戒权。     

教师惩戒教育权的理性弘扬

惩戒权是教师权益的重要组成部分,是维持教育教学活动秩序、保证教育教学活动正常开展的合法职权。受社会转型等各种因素的影响,我国教师权威走向式微,教师日渐变得被动地履行教书育人的职责。教师惩戒权的缺位或丧失首先源于人们对教师惩戒权与惩戒教育的认识偏差与失误。教师开展惩戒教育至少有以下几方面的学理基础,即惩戒教育是教师的一项基本教育权、是教师施教育人的一种手段、是落实社会规范的一种方式、是对人性复归与高扬的一种展现。因此,在廓清与明确教师惩戒权的学理基础与基本内涵前提下,学校、家长及社会应理解与支持教师合情、合理、合法地开展惩戒教育。     

教师惩戒权行使中的侵权与救济研究

教师惩戒权是教师因其职业身份而获得的一种强制性的学生管理权力 ,是教师的职业性权利之一。此权利的行使必须遵循合法性和合理性原则 ,保护学生的合法权益。应当正确认定教师惩戒权行使的合理性 ,区分合理惩戒与非法惩戒 ,并予以必要的救济。在我国 ,教师惩戒权缺乏明确法律限定 ,现有的监督与救济机制也尚需完善     

教师惩戒权行使的侵权与救济研究

教师惩戒权是教师因其职业身份而获得的一种强制性的学生管理权力,是教师的职业性权利之一。此权利的行使必须遵循合法性和合理性原则,保护学生的合法权益。应当正确认定教师惩戒权行使的合理性,区分合理惩戒与非法惩戒,并予以必要的救济。在我国,教师惩戒权缺乏明确法律限定,现有监督与救济机制也尚需完善。     

教师惩戒权的现状、内涵、困境与展望

近年来,关于教师该不该被法律赋予惩戒权以及需要怎样的惩戒权成为社会讨论的热点。从名家理论、教育人类学等理论观点来看,教师惩戒权存在着价值诉求的可行性和必要性,在实施时要遵循教育性与规范性、公平性与差异性、确定性与艺术性等基本原则。尽管我国还存在将惩戒与体罚混为一谈、教师与家长认识不对等以及法律保障不够完善等问题,但通过完善法律、多元融合、重塑权威等方式能实现教师惩戒权的良性发展,走向生命自觉。     

浅议中小学教师的惩戒权

惩戒权是维持教育教学活动正常秩序、保证教育教学活动正常开展的权力。合理使用惩戒权能促进学生改正过错,帮助学生健康发展。但是目前很多教师滥用惩戒权对学生身心造成伤害。本文分析教师惩戒权的合理性,探讨其现实中存在的问题并从教师和立法两个角度提出改进意见。     

Big school,small school: Impact of the high school environment

An investigation of the relationship between high school priorities and self-concept was undertaken. Upper and underclassmen from large and small high schools completed questionnaires and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Participation in five activity areas was related to self-concept using a multiple-regression technique. The perceived similarity of each student's priorities with the school's priorities was also correlated with self-concept. The relationships accounting for the greatest proportion of the variance in self-concept scores were found among small-school upperclassmen. The results were interpreted as support for Barker's argument that small school students feel a greater obligation to participate in school activities.     

Problems facing school superintendents and school board presidents of large school districts

Superintendents and school board presidents from the 100 largest school districts in the nation were surveyed to determine the major problems confronting these education leaders. Both superintendents and school board presidents were in agreement on most concerns, including the top three major problems. They are in complete agreement that finance and related worries are the most important problems they face. The survey identified several critical variables, including the superintendents' age, gender, and experience; the school board presidents' gender and experience; and the school districts' size, geographical region, metropolitan setting, and ethnic student profile.     

The effect of school inspections on school improvement

This study uses a school-level longitudinal control-group design to examine how teachers and principals of inspected versus uninspected schools perceive school improvement at their schools. During the phasing in of school inspections in the states of Berlin and Brandenburg (Germany), both inspected and uninspected schools were surveyed with respect to school improvement activities over a 1-year period. The main finding is that principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of school quality were highly stable, irrespective of the introduction of school inspections. The results show school inspections had a comparatively low impact on the aspects of school quality measured here.     

Opportunities for school psychologists in rural school settings

Rural school psychologists from California, Georgia, Indiana, and Iowa were mailed questionnaires asking them to describe the advantages of practicing school psychology in rural school settings. Three main clusters of responses emerged, including: close contact and good working relationships with teachers, administrators, and parents; role diversity and autonomy; and positive environmental context. Levels of job satisfaction also were investigated. A total of 59% of the psychologists reported high or very high job satisfaction, while 33% reported an average level of satisfaction, and only 8% reported a low level of satisfaction.     

Relationships among school climate domains and school satisfaction

This study investigated the magnitude of the relationships between eight school climate domains and a measure of global school satisfaction among 2,049 middle and high school students. Tests of moderator effects were conducted to determine if the magnitude of the relationships between the school climate domains and school satisfaction differed as a function of students' gender, grade, age, GPA, or SES. Multiple regression analyses suggested that five school climate domains are significantly related to school satisfaction (p < .01): Academic Support (beta weight = 0.17), Positive Student‐Teacher Relationships (0.12), School Connectedness (0.11), Order and Discipline (0.13), and Academic Satisfaction (0.12). In addition, the importance of the school climate variables to students' school satisfaction appeared invariant across the demographic variables and academic performance levels. The inclusion of school climate and school satisfaction measures may form a foundation for more comprehensive assessments for understanding and monitoring the experiences of students in schools. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

School violence,school differences and school discourses

This article highlights one strand of a study which investigated the concept of the violence‐resilient school. In six inner‐city secondary schools, data on violent incidents in school and violent crime in the neighbourhood were gathered, and compared with school practices to minimise violence, accessed through interviews. Some degree of association between the patterns of behaviour and school practices was found: schools with a wider range of well‐connected practices seemed to have less difficult behaviour. Interviews also showed that the different schools had different organisational discourses for construing school violence, its possible causes and the possible solutions. Differences in practices are best understood in connection with differences in these discourses. Some of the features of school discourses are outlined, including their range, their core metaphor and their silences. The authors suggest that organisational discourse is an important concept in explaining school effects and school differences, and that improvement attempts could have clearer regard to this concept.     

论职业学校组织结构与效能

当前,职业教育出现的问题很大程度上根源于职业学校的效能低下。其主要原因之一是职业学校组织结构不合理。因此,应该重视对职业学校组织结构的改革和建设,使其为提高职业学校效能服务。     

Philosophical perspectives on school effectiveness and school improvement

This article discusses critically the implementation of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS). The following issues are addressed: the importance of literacy in advanced societies; increasing public concern about literacy standards in English and Welsh primary schools; the perceived need for a large-scale intervention into the teaching of literacy from the standpoint of international comparisons and school inspection evidence. The literacy process, its complexities and controversies, are considered and critiqued, along with the extent to which the NLS is able to accommodate the implications of research findings. In conclusion, the evaluation reports on the impact of the NLS are discussed.     

Achievement goals and school achievement: The transition to different school tracks in secondary school

During the transition from elementary school to secondary school, in Germany, students are assigned to different school tracks, academic or non-academic, that differ markedly in compositional and institutional characteristics, e.g., the level of cognitive activation and performance standards are higher in academic tracks than in non-academic tracks. Currently, there is a lack of research examining the changes in achievement goals (mastery-approach, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals) and in the association between achievement goals and school achievement during the transition to these different school tracks. There were 1646 students who participated in a large-scale, three-wave longitudinal study from Grade 4 to Grade 6. While results revealed only slight differences between the two school tracks, the three types of achievement goals declined over time. In elementary school mastery-approach goals were positively and performance-approach goals negatively associated with school grades. After the transition to secondary school mastery-approach goals predicted school grades positively, whereas performance-approach goals negatively influenced achievement (academic track). Overall, the results indicate that between-school-tracking plays a minor role for the development of achievement goals and the relation between goals and achievement.