论未成年人的民事责任能力

未成年人不具有“识别能力”就不具有民事责任能力的传统观点是有缺陷的；作为自然人承担民事责任的地位或资格的民事责任能力，其有无的判断应采“出生主义”标准，因此未成年人都是具有民事责任能力的；承认未成年人具有民事责任能力有着重要的意义。     

论自然人都有民事责任能力

传统观点认为只有部分自然人有民事责任能力,和民事权利能力相冲突。自然人有无民事责任能力是考虑自然人有无行为能力的前提,有无行为能力是考虑自然人在过错责任原则下是否需要承担责任的前提。无责任能力的自然人基于衡平事由承担结果责任说明无责任能力的自然人是有民事责任能力的。传统观点中所界定的“民事责任能力”其实是自然人以自己的财产承担自己责任的条件,在自然人有民事责任能力的前提下才讨论传统观点中所界定的“民事责任能力”,是比民事责任能力低一个层次的问题。     

关于自然人民事责任能力的三个问题

自然人民事责任能力制度是对民法典债篇关于未成年人或精神耗弱者的责任承担问题的规定的概括。自然人民事责任能力是自然人对其过错行为承担民事责任的法律资格，其着眼点是行为是否存在过错；自然人民事责任能力的性质是过错的认定基础，是适用过错责任原则的逻辑要求；自然人民事责任能力的判断标准是识别能力，是意思归责的当然结果。     

论自然人民事责任能力——兼评我国《侵权责任法》第32条之规定

自然人有无民事责任能力是民事法的基本理论问题,它不仅关系到民法典的体例安排与制度设计,还影响到民事诉讼中对当事人的确定。传统的研究方法和研究路径在很大程度上受刑法研究成果和国外民事立法例的影响,因而在此基础上得出的结论也有失偏颇。对自然人民事责任能力的理解应受制于民事责任的特质,不应只考虑识别控制的年龄标准。我国众多学者对国外立法例中有关过错的描述解读为对自然人民事责任能力的规定,事实上,西方各国立法从未否认过未成年人和精神障碍者的民事责任能力。自然人的民事责任能力强调的是一种期待可能性,它决定主体人格的完整性,与"用不用"承担责任、"能不能"承担责任存在着明显的区别。承认一切自然人均有民事责任能力,不仅是民事权利能力理论的要求,也与我国现行立法规定相契合,更有利于解决民事诉讼的困惑。鉴于此,《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》第32条应当确认:限制民事行为能力人在有过错的情况下应承担责任。     

自然人民事责任能力在民事责任认定中的作用与形式

自然人的民事责任能力问题一直以来争议不断。其适用范围问题居于核心地位。解决这个问题的有效方法是,选取债务不履行责任与侵权责任这一类型体系作为分析框架,探讨自然人民事责任能力在违约责任、侵权责任以及不履行无因管理之债和不当得利之债的责任的认定中的作用和形式,确定自然人民事责任能力的适用范围。通过对每一类民事责任进行细致入微的的考察,揭示自然人民事责任能力与民事责任的关系,从而深刻地昭示自然人民事责任能力的制度价值。     

我国自然人民事责任能力制度的检讨与重构

自然人民事责任能力是过错的判断基础,只存在于过错责任之中;无责任能力人不负损害责任,是过错责任适用的结果。《民法通则》对自然人民事责任能力的规定有判断标准不合理、归责原则混乱的缺陷。重构我国自然人民事责任能力制度应借鉴台湾"民法典"、《澳门民法典》以及徐国栋教授的《绿色民法典草案》的合理规定,妥善解决责任能力的性质、概念、判断标准以及被监护人与监护人及受害人之间的利益平衡问题。     

论自然人的民事责任能力——基于理论的检讨

自然人的民事责任能力系指自然人以自身理解力和财产状况对其一切不法行为负损害赔偿义务的资格或能力,包括自然人的社会责任能力。自然人的民事责任能力与自然人的民事权利能力、民事行为能力在诸多方面存有差异。我国未来民法典应将自然人的民事责任能力、民事行为能力、民事责任等易混淆制度严格区分,并作独立规定。     

理解·了解·化解:学生合理消费的教育之维

中小学生作为具有民事权利的自然人,同样具有消费的权利和行为。但是,作为未满十八周岁的未成年人,他们又是“限制民事行为能力人”,尚且不具备“辨认自己行为的能力”。因此,学生的消费行为需要成人的正确引领,让他们的消费更趋合理。     

浅议自然人民事责任能力的概念

自然人的民事责任能力源于过失责任原则,民事责任能力不同于民事行为能力,其更多地取决于个体在具体行为时识别方面的差异,但用识别能力来界定责任能力过于抽象.自然人的民事责任能力是指自然人对自己的过失行为承担责任的法律资格.     

对中小学生民事行为能力的法理思考——兼论学生的民事责任能力

对中小学校园学生引起的伤害案件,应当从学生的民事行为能力、民事责任能力角度重新认识。对于学生,无论是无民事行为能力人还是限制民事行为能力人,应当从其学校教育的特殊环境出发,根据有关的教育法规确定其民事行为能力的范围。无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力的学生具备民事责任能力,但民事责任的承担可转移其监护人。学校的管理责任不同于监护人的监护责任。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.