研究生导师队伍管理对科技创新的促进——评《高校科研管理的理论与实践探索》

在高校科研团队建设中专业教师一直承担着较为重要的角色,而作为与研究生素质与能力密切相关的导师队伍则在科研活动和研究生培养发展中发挥着至关重要的作用.首先,在研究生学习过程中,立德树人的首要职责就要求导师与其形成一种较为稳定的二元互动关系,在这一场域中导师与学生呈现一种多重性的发展互动关系,他们可以为研究生在科技创新活动时提供必要的技术性指导与心理性支持疏导.同时研究生培养过程也会对导师队伍建设提供积极的助力,帮助其建立完善支持性的技术网络关系,让科技创新活动能够形成一种互惠性的组织同盟结构关系.     

指导关系对员工工作满意度的影响及作用机制研究

指导关系作为人力资源开发的一种手段,让指导者、被指导者和组织三方都受益颇多。本研究基于指导关系理论和互惠理论构建了上下级指导关系对员工工作满意的作用机制模型。依据山东省4家制造型企业201位中基层员工的调查数据,采用层级回归的方法,对模型进行检验。结果验证了平衡互惠的调节作用以及广义互惠的中介作用,为企业的上下级指导关系策略提供了一定参考作用。     

论研究生导师队伍发展模式的构建

研究生导师作为国家实施研究生教育的主体,对提高研究生培养质量发挥着举足轻重的作用。通过导师自身素质与人格魅力的提高、高水平导师团队的组建、考核评估机制的有效引导等举措,积极依托学科建设平台,实施研究生联合指导,构建研究生导师队伍建设可持续性发展模式。     

浅议加强导师管理对提高研究生培养质量的促进作用

研究生教育的一个永恒主题就是质量,导师队伍的建设和管理与研究生培养质量的提高有着密切的关系,它们应该是正相关的。我们要正确认识到导师在研究生培养工作中的重要地位和作用,积极探索加强导师队伍建设和管理的方法和对策,促进研究生培养质量的提高。     

南昌大学提高研究生培养质量的途径探讨

研究生招生规模不断扩大,必定要有充足的师资力量和高效的管理机制才能保证研究生培养质量,南昌大学在这方面做了不少尝试。本文从管理者的角度对提高研究生的培养质量进行了探讨,以期为我校及全省研究生培养质量的提高起到积极的作用。     

电力系统及其自动化专业背景下的高校研究生与指导教师关系研究

研究生与指导教师之间的良好关系在一定程度上影响到研究生培养的质量,在当前研究生规模迅速扩大的情况下,研究生与指导教师之间的关系也出现了一些新的变化和问题。文章在总结了当前高校研究生与指导教师关系现状的基础上,以电力系统及其自动化专业为背景分析了影响师生关系的因素,并提出了改善师生关系使之协调发展的建议。     

提高研究生课程教学质量的思考与探索

随着研究生教育规模的发展,提高研究生培养质量倍受关注。在研究生培养全过程中,课程教学在研究生的培养过程中起着重要的作用。本文对研究生的培养方案、课程设置、课程内容、师资队伍建设、课程教学评估等方面进行分析,提出了提高研究生课程教学质量的建议。     

探讨与实践研究生培养指导委员会的作用--——以我校计算机学科为例

根据我国目前研究生培养的现状,本文以南京航空航天大学计算机学科研究生培养指导委员会的工作实践为例,探讨如何发挥研究生培养指导委员会的作用。主要工作包括:分别从培养标准的制定、培养方案与课程体系的建立、培养与管理过程的监管、质量评价体系等方面探讨培养指导委员会作用,以及就如何发挥培养指导委员会作用的途径与措施等方面进行研究。通过此项工作,希望能为今后提高管理部门的服务质量、深化研究生教育改革、充分发挥教授治学作用,以及提高研究生创新能力和培养质量等方面的工作起到启发和借鉴的作用。     

观点

正常的师生关系是一种相互提携和帮助的关系研究生导师和学生的关系,实际上应当是同志的关系。从传授知识来讲,导师先走了一步,但是从科技发展来看,研究生应该站在最新的起点上,应当青出于蓝而胜于蓝。研究生和导师之间还应当是互相帮助的关系,老师的学术思想需要在研究生协助下实现,研究生的成长需要在老师的指导下实现。这个过程当中,研究生在导师的指导下,共同作出了成绩,既促进了科学的发展,又培养了人才。     

经济管理类硕士研究生培养现状、问题与对策探讨

本文从培养经济管理类硕士研究生的实际出发,从培养目标、培养方式和管理方法三个方面介绍了国内外经济管理类硕士研究生培养现状及发展趋势,并着重分析了目前在硕士生培养目标、知识结构、导师指导以及学术论文质量等方面存在的主要问题,提出了解决问题的若干对策建议,即：明确培养目标,因材施教;实行个性培养与弹性学制;充分利用校友资源,建立院企互动机制;充分发挥导师在研究生培养中的作用;积极借鉴英美发达国家经济管理类研究生培养经验等。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese