中国大学生英语语音意识发展及影响因素初探

本文以听辨测试的方式,考察中国英语学习者英语语音意识发展及三种语言经验对其发展的影响。结果表明：（1）四项奇异任务上,各层次语音意识发展均衡;两项计数任务的成绩显著低于奇异任务。( 2) 英语语音意识的总体发展和各层 次语音意识的发展都受到汉语语音意识水平的显著影响;英语水平只对英语语音意识的总体发展和最难的音节计数有显著影响; 方言对英语语音意识的总体发展和各层次语音意 识的发展均无显著影响。（3）三种语言经验相互作用共同影响英语语音意识的发展,即学习者主要套用汉语拼音知识完成各项语音意识任务,英语水平和方言所起的作用则视其汉语语音意识水平而有不同体现。     

浅议黔东南地区高职英语教学中方言对英语语音的影响

在教学中,教师常常发现学生的英语语音语调存在各种问题,不同地区的学生口音各不相同,学习者的第二语言往往受母语的干扰。本文主要针对贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州高职院校的学生英语语音受当地汉语方言影响情况进行探讨。     

瑶族儿童汉语语音意识与阅读能力的相关研究

选取桂北24名瑶族和28名汉族三年级小学生,采用声母、韵母、声调的语音意识测试和拼音补词、读句指错、读句改错、语段阅读的阅读能力测试,探讨瑶族儿童的汉语语音意识与阅读能力及其相关的问题。结果发现：瑶族儿童汉语语音意识能力与汉族儿童相当,并未受普通话的使用率与熟练程度的影响,而有可能受元语言能力以及母语正迁移的积极影响;瑶族儿童阅读能力低于汉族儿童,这与处于学习第二语言汉语早期阶段有关,也与汉语书面阅读经验有限有关;瑶族儿童汉语语音意识与阅读能力存在相关,拼音补词与声母意识、韵母意识、声调意识相关显著;语段阅读与韵母意识相关显著。因此,应重新审视少数民族的语言价值,看到和发挥母语对于第二语言汉语语音意识和阅读能力的正迁移作用。     

泰国学生习得汉语阴平和去声的语音变异研究

本文以系统、定量的实验研究为基础,借助Praat语音软件作为辅助分析手段,考察泰国学生习得汉语阴平和去声的语音变异情况,探讨情景语境对学习者语音变异的影响,揭示学习者习得汉语阴平和去声的动态发展过程.研究结果表明:泰国学生在习得汉语阴平和去声的过程中存在系统语音变异和非系统语音变异;系统语音变异很大程度上受情景语境的影响,非系统语音变异经历了"习得阶段"向"替代阶段"的动态发展过程;语音变异一定程度上还受到了母语语音系统负迁移的影响.     

略论缅甸语语音教学——兼与汉语语音比较

通过现代缅汉两种语言语音系统的比较，指出母语为汉语的学习者由于受母语的影响，在缅甸语学习中常出现的问题。针对这些问题，提出解决办法，以便实现更为有效的缅甸语语音教学。     

英语母语者汉语朗读流利度的教学研究

朗读流利度是阅读流利度的主要表现,因此发展第二语言朗读流利度在第二语言阅读教学中是非常重要的.朗读流利度主要包括三项指标:朗读速度、朗读准确度和朗读韵律.考察了多样化认读和拼音输入训练以及朗读录音作业相结合的朗读教学方法对初级汉语水平的英语母语者汉语朗读流利度的影响,并将中国人的朗读语料作为基线数据进行比较.研究结果发现,汉语朗读教学方法提高了英语母语者的汉语朗读流利度.多样化认读训练提高了解码的自动化程度,拼音输入训练增强了学习者的语音意识.朗读录音作业改进了学习者的朗读韵律;言语任务的难易程度对英语母语者的汉语朗读速度和朗读韵律的影响较为显著,对朗读准确度的影响不显著;学习时长对英语母语者汉语朗读速度的影响比较显著,对朗读准确度和朗读韵律的影响不显著.     

儿童汉英双语语音意识:跨语言一致性、差异与迁移

语音意识是指个体对言语的声音片断(包括音节、首尾音和音位等)进行分析和操作的能力。采用语音辨别和语音删除两种任务对汉语儿童的母语和第二语言(英语)语音意识的结构特点、跨语言的普遍性、特异性与语言间的迁移进行了考察发现,验证性因素分析支持了语音意识结构的多成分观点;进一步分析表明儿童的汉语语音意识是预测其英语语音意识的有效因素;同时儿童汉语语音加工经验明显影响了对英语的语音操作,反映了母语语言经验对新学习语言加工过程的制约作用。     

高变异语音训练法对汉语声调感知的影响

对于绝大多数汉语学习者,尤其是对母语为无声调语言的汉语学习者而言,声调是汉语语音习得的一个难点。近几年,国内外的一些研究者开始采用实验室训练的方法提高二语学习者的第二语言语音感知能力,这种训练方法也被称为知觉训练。其中高变异语音训练法是运用最为广泛、效果最为明显的一种主要的知觉训练方法。本研究主要运用实验研究的方法,考察高变异语音训练法对无声调语言母语者汉语声调感知的影响,同时也进一步考察发音人变量对声调感知训练结果的影响。     

英语语音矫正方法、学习者英语水平对英语专业学习者语音成绩影响的研究

通过实验,研究了英语语音矫正方法、学习者英语水平对英语专业学习者英语语音成绩的影响程度。研究以新疆某大学2007级英语专业新生为对象,通过实验,研究了两个因素变量,即英语语音矫正方法及学习者英语水平,对因变量,学习者语音成绩的影响程度,采用GLM2×3方差分析法,研究了英语语音矫正方法两个水平和学习者英语水平三个水平对学习者语音成绩的主效应及两个因素变量在不同水平的交互效应。研究发现：1）英语语音矫正方法的主效应显著,F=7.437,P〈05;2〉学习者英语水平的主效应显著,F=3.617,P〈01;3）矫正方法和学习者英语水平的交互作用显著F=10.801,P〈05。     

语音加工技能在汉语为母语个体英语学习中的作用

语音加工技能是英语为母语个体读写能力发展的核心技能,在汉语为母语个体的英语学习中也具有重要意义,不仅如此,汉语加工与学习经验对学习者英语语音加工技能发展及其作用也具有显著的影响,因此,我国英语教学及其研究应当更充分地关注语音加工技能的发展,系统考察学习者语音加工技能的发展与口语词汇、学习起始年龄与学习方式的关系,深入探讨语音加工技能训练的作用与条件,研制有效的训练方案,加深对英语学习内在过程的认识,并为促进英语学习和教学提供科学依据。     

汉语语音意识和英语听说能力的关系

本研究旨在实验研究探讨汉语（第一语言）的语音意识和成人英语（第二语言）的听、说能力之间的关系。实验任务为汉语语音意识测量和英语假词快速朗读。其中汉语语音意识的测量包括4个维度：听觉声母意识、听觉韵母意识、听觉声调意识以及视觉音节意识。实验结果显示汉语的声母意识、韵母意识和音节意识分别对英语口语、英语听力和英语语音加工能力有一定的预测作用。这说明汉语的语音意识迁移到英语中并对英语的听说能力发展起着相当重要的作用。     

大学生结构化英语语音意识干预的有效性

根据语音意识层级结构理论,对大学一年级学生进行为期8周的英语语音意识干预,通过对语音意识听辨测试和单词认读能力测试结果的对比统计分析,发现实验组在英语语音意识水平和单词认读能力方面均得到显著提高.干预后,实验组与控制组的英语语音意识水平出现显著差异.研究证明,结构化语音意识干预可以有效提高大学生的英语语音意识水平和单词...     

Transfer of reading-related cognitive skills in learning to read Chinese (L1) and English (L2) among Chinese elementary school children

This study investigated transfer of reading-related cognitive skills between learning to read Chinese (L1) and English (L2) among Chinese children in Hong Kong. Fifty-three Grade 2 students were tested on word reading, phonological, orthographic and rapid naming skills in Chinese (L1) and English (L2). The major findings were: (a) significant correlations between Chinese and English measures in phonological awareness and rapid naming, but not in orthographic skills; (b) significant unique contribution of Chinese and English rapid naming skills and English rhyme awareness for predicting Chinese word reading after controlling for all the Chinese and English cognitive measures; (c) significant unique contribution of English phonological skills and Chinese orthographic skills (a negative one) for predicting English word reading after controlling for all the English and Chinese cognitive measures; and (d) significant unique contribution of Chinese rhyme awareness for predicting English phonemic awareness. These findings provide initial evidence that developing reading-related cognitive skills in English may have facilitative effects on Chinese word reading development. They also suggest that Chinese orthographic skills or tactics may not be helpful for learning to read English words among ESL learners; and that Chinese rhyme awareness facilitates the development of English phonemic awareness which is an essential skill predicting ESL learning.     

学前儿童汉语普通话语音意识发展特点及影响因素

运用听音跟读、听音回答问题、听音判断对错三种语音意识测试，本研究对60名上海学前儿童和50名湛江学前儿童的汉语语音意识发展进行了定量分析。结果发现，学前儿童在掌握汉语语音意识方面，声调意识水平最高，其次为韵母意识，再次为声母意识；儿童年龄、测试方式和方言都会对被试的语音意识成绩产生显著影响。     

Difficulties in L2 Hebrew Reading in Russian-speaking Second Graders

The present study examined factors that influence the process of learning to read in a second language. The Hebrew reading comprehension skills of 68 Russian-speaking children (mean age 7 years 6 months) were screened at the start of Grade 2. From this sample, 40 participants were selected: 20 successful learners and 20 unsuccessful learners. These two groups were then tested on a wide range of language skills (e.g., phonological processing, vocabulary, syntactic and morphological awareness) in both languages (Hebrew and Russian) and reading skills in Hebrew (e.g., reading speed and accuracy). Two factors, level of spoken Hebrew and phonological awareness deficits in both languages, were significant. Phonological awareness difficulties constituted the key factor associated with poor decoding whereas insufficient mastery of spoken Hebrew was important in the case of reading comprehension. An interesting dissociation was also found in our poor readers between impaired phonological awareness and other unimpaired phonological processing abilities such as oral pseudoword repetition and working memory. These findings suggest that, in addition to poor spoken L2 proficiency, poor readers are characterized more by a metalinguistic rather than a linguistic deficit in their native tongue.     

英语语音习得的整合性学习策略

英语语音技能及语音意识能力对英语学习的成效起着不容忽视的作用。受母语负迁移和中学传统教学法的影响,英语语音学习对中国学生来说有诸多的障碍。从发展学生自主学习的意识出发,英语学习者通过主体的积极参与提高语音意识、语音知识和技能,促进学习者语言综合能力的全面发展,成为管理自身学习的主人。     

Predictors of English spelling in bilingual and monolingual children in Grade 1: the case of Cantonese and Tagalog

In order to examine the effect of the home language on the spelling development in English in children who are learning English as a second language (ESL learners), it is best to directly compare groups of ESL learners from various home language backgrounds. This study compared the oral language, phonological awareness, reading, and spelling performance of Tagalog–English bilingual, Cantonese–English bilingual, and monolingual English-speaking children in Grade 1. The bilingual children had lower scores than the monolinguals on measures of oral proficiency, but demonstrated similar or better performance on most phonological awareness, reading, and spelling tasks after controlling for vocabulary size in English. A series of moderated regression analysis revealed that although phonological awareness was associated with English spelling performance regardless of language background, the associations between specific spelling tasks and related underlying skills seemed to differ across language groups.     

Growth in reading-related skills of language minority learners and their classmates: more evidence for early identification and intervention

This longitudinal study investigated growth in reading-related skills between Grade 1 and 4 for language minority (LM) learners and their native English-speaking classmates from similarly low socioeconomic backgrounds (N = 166). Growth trajectories were compared by language background and by Grade 4 reading difficulties, with the goal of informing decisions about how early LM learners can undergo screening for risk of reading difficulties. As a group, LM learners demonstrated weaknesses in vocabulary and oral comprehension and strengths in phonological awareness that were apparent in Grade 1 and consistent through Grade 4. LM learners also demonstrated early strengths in letter-word identification but fell far below national norms by Grade 4. The subset of LM learners with word reading difficulties demonstrated major weaknesses in vocabulary, oral comprehension, phonological awareness, and working memory, whereas LM learners with specific reading comprehension difficulties demonstrated major weaknesses in vocabulary and oral comprehension; these weaknesses were apparent in Grade 1 and consistent through Grade 4, suggesting the importance of early assessment and intervention.     

Development of Bilingual Phonological Awareness in Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners: The Roles of Vocabulary,Letter Knowledge,and Prior Phonological Awareness

Theories concerning the development of phonological awareness place special emphasis on lexical and orthographic knowledge. Given the large degree of variability in preschool classrooms that house Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELL), this study controlled for classroom effects by removing classroom means and covariances based on 158 children from 40 classrooms. Path analyses of the child-level covariance matrices tested the extent to which vocabulary and letter knowledge in each language predicted growth in English and Spanish phonological awareness of 130 preschool-age, Spanish-speaking ELLs. Results supported cross-linguistic effects of prior phonological awareness and Spanish vocabulary in the development of bilingual phonological awareness. Implications for theory, instruction, and research methods are discussed.     

自主性外语学习的影响因素

长期以来我国的教学模式使学生依赖性较强，自觉性较差，而发展学生的自觉性应从转变学生的自主学习态度入手。文章认为自主学习受诸多因素影响，必须多方努力，发挥各方面的优势，实现内外因素结合的最优化．以培养和提高学习者自主学习的意识和能力。