Solar Magnetic Helicity

Helicities is topologically a measure of the structural complexity of the corresponding fields.The magnetic helicity can be separated into two kinds.One is the self helicity,which relates to the magnetic flux tubes twisted themselves.This helicity may be used to analyze the twisted     

Topological Superconductivity Discovered on Surface of an Iron-based Superconductor

正Topological superconductor is one of the most popular topics in condensed matter physics.Its exotic quasi-particle excitation,known as Majorana mode,can be used to build topological quantum computer.According to previous theoretical and experimental studies,topological superconductivity     

Olive ingredient good for the eyes

Although olives were used for medical purposes as early as more than 150 years ago, modern studies of various olive extracts have revealed them to be powerful antioxidants that can treat a range of health problems.     

Structural and Functional Studies of Ribosome-inactivating Proteins and Ribosomal RNA

A plant's ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of toxic proteins. Theoretically, they can be employed as a tool enzyme in the exploration of the structure and function of the ribosomal RNA; in practical application, they can be used as an insecticide in agriculture, for preparation of immuno-toxic protein to kill cancer cells or against viral infection in medicine.     

利用H2O-NaCl-CaCl2体系水盐化合物和冰的融化温度计算NaCl/（NaCl＋CaCl2）比值和盐度的方程

The composition of fluid inclusions in the H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 system has been generally graphically estimated using the melting temperatures of hydrohalite （ Tm-HH ） and ice （ Tm-ice）. Here we present two equations that can be used to calculate the relative proportion of NaCl （ i. e. , NaCL/[ NaCl ＋ CaC12 ] , or XNacl ） and the total salinity （ i. e. , NaCl ＋ CaCl2, wt% ） for fluid inclusions with ice as the last melting phase. XNacl can be calculated from Tm-HH using the following equation： y = （a＋bx）^-1/c where y is XNacl, x is Tm_HH , a =0. 33124402, b =-0. 031518028, and c =0. 22932736. In the cases where only Tm-ice is measured and Tm-HH is not known, Tm-ice can be used as the maximum possible Tm-HH to calculate the maximum value of XNacl using the above equation. In these cases, the following equation can be used to calculate the maximum total salinity： y=（a＋bx＋cx2） l where y is salinity, x is Tm-HH , a =0, 057184817, b =0. 00078565757, and c = 5. 7262766E-6. Because the isothems in the field of ice are sub-parallel to the NaCl-CaCl2 binary side in the H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 ternary system, the errors in salinity calculation introduced by the above approximation are small （ less than 2 wt% ）. A Windows program for calculation of XNacl and salinity is available at ： http ：//uregina. ca/-chiguox.     

实时文件镜像系统的研究与实现

By designing the scheme to construct a real-time file mirroring system, the article studies the key technologies in the construction process. The system is constructed in the Windows NT/Windows 2000 environment. Together with the cluster server system, it can be used as a disaster recovery system.     

Uniquely identifying topological order based on boundary-bulk duality and anyon condensation

Topological order is a new quantum phase that is beyond Landau’ s symmetry-bre aking paradigm.Its defining features include robust degenerate ground states,long-range entanglement and anyons.It was known that R and F matrices,which characterize the fusion-braiding properties of anyons,can be used to uniquely identify topological order.In this article,we explore an essential question:how can the R and F matrices be experimentally measured?We show that the braidings,i.e.the R matrices,can be compl...     

Preliminary Analysis of Examination of Relative Grounds for Trademark Refusal

Articles 28 and 29 of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China provide that where any trademark applied for registration is identical with or similar to a trademark another person has registered in the same or similar goods, or a trademark that has been preliminarily approved, or one that was first filed or where any trademark is identical with or similar to a trademark that was filed on the same day or was used earlier, the application for the registration of the trademark shall be refused. In this article the examination of the relative grounds for trademark refusal will be probed into.     

Privileged strategies for direct transformations of inert aliphatic C–H bonds

<正>Functional group transformations are central to organic synthesis.Traditionally,the functionalities used in such transformations are highly active organic groups such as halogens,ester groups and hydroxyl groups.Carbon–hydrogen bonds are ubiquitous structural motifs in organic compounds,but they are not considered to be functionalgroups because(1)in general,the bond dissociation energy of a C–H bond is high,and therefore,such bonds     

Whether Reference View Showing State in Use May Be Used to Limit the Extent of Protection of Design Patent

For lack of relevant provisions in the Patent Law and the Implementing Regulations of the Patent Law,views are divid- ed in the community about whether or not a reference view showing the state in use may be used to limit the extent of protection of a design patent.In the practice of patent ex-     

The Rise of Cloned Monkeys for Biomedical Studies

<正>The biological differences between the widely used rodent models and humans have caused many fiascos in pharmaceutical development. Proving drugs effective in rodents does not guarantee they also work for humans. Unfortunately, this is true in most cases. Because of this, animal models that mimic humans more closely are of great value. Non-human primates are considered to be the     

爆裂法作为快速测定流体包裹体中二氧化碳（和其它气体）含量的手段及其在勘探中的使用：以中国山东和河北省金矿为例

The acoustic decrepitation method heats a small monomineralic sample and counts pressure impulses as the inclusions burst when they develop high internal pressures. For aqueous fluids, the decrepitation temperature is correlated with the homogenisation temperature, but gas rich fluids give a distinct and characteristic low temperature decrepitation peak which can be used to recognize gas rich fluid inclusions. This information is useful in exploration for Au deposits, which are frequently associated with CO2 rich and sometimes CH4 rich fluids. This distinctive decrepitation occurs because the CO2 rich inclusion fluids expand according to the gas law and develop internal pressures high enough to burst the host mineral grain at temperatures well below their homogenisation temperatures. In contrast, aqueous fluids condense to a liquid and vapour phase during post-entrapment cooling. Upon subsequent heating their internal pressures do not increase significantly until after homogenisation to a single phase occurs and hence they do not decrepitate ＂prematurely＂ as gas rich inclusions do. This behaviour is usually regarded as an annoyance in conventional microthermometric homogenisation studies, but can readily be used as an exploration aid to find mineralisation deposited from such gas rich fluids. Decrepitation results on samples from Cowra Ck, NSW, Australia, which have also been microthermometrically measured for CO2 content, show that amounts of less than 5 mole % CO2 are easily distinguished by decrepitation and amounts as low as 1 mole % CO2 may be determinable. Examples of the use of acoustic decrepitation in the study of 6 gold mines in the Shandong and Hebei provinces of China are discussed.     

To what extent is language teaching methodology informed by theory？

With the globalization of the world, language teaching becomes more important than ever before, and many universities and classroom teachers are active to exploret he most efficient and effective methodology to teach languages to achieve a desirable result. When they seek to improve the quality of language teaching, they often research teaching methodologies by referring to general theories about language and language learning. Theoretical bases and teachers‘ hands-out experience have informed methodologies of language teaching, and methods of language teaching have been improved with the developments about linguistics, psychology and education. But there is a question which extent the information that theory has made available can be used to explore language teaching methodology and of the relevance of theory to language teaching methodology.     

Reconstructing Paleoenvironments with aLiving Plant

Hardy rubber tree(Eucommia ulmoides),which is called Duzhongin Chinese, is today an endemic spe-cies in China and widely used in tra-ditional herbal medicine to treat liver,kidney and spleen problems. A re-cent study by a group headed by LiChengsen (Cheng-Sen Li) and WangYufei of the CAS Institute of Botanyhas found the tree could also be abiothermometer for the reconstruc-tion of paleoenvironments.Eucommia has a long history. Itused to exist in the Northern Hemi-sphere as early as 50 m…     

Manipulation and Preparation of Five-Particle Entanglement

By making gooduseofcertain quantum physics properties such as entanglement,teleportation and superposition, aquantum computer has the potentialto be much more powerful than aclassical computer of the same size.Although quantum-mechanical en-tanglement of three or four particleshasbeenachievedexperimentally,andhas been used to demonstrate theextremecontradictionbetween quan-tum mechanics and localrealism, therealization of five-particleentanglement, untilrecently, remainsan experim…     

Microbiota-based Approach for Predicting Early Childhood Caries

<正>Microbiota are present everywhere in the biosphere.Can they be used as indigenous"biosensors"to diagnose and predict the health of their ecosystems?Recently,a joint research team from the Single-Cell Center,Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT),Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guanghua School and Hospital     

A New Strain of GM Rice Resisting Weedkillers

Usually, there are two kinds of herbicides on the market. One targets only a few specific types of weeds. The other could kill many kinds of weeds, but, unfortunately, they may also destroy crops. Furthermore,they can only be used on certain crops at specific growth stages and can accumulate to harmful levels in the soil, although some of them on the low side.     

Science and gender： Elite female scientists at CAS

Though female physicists and chemists were rare in the lab generations ago, more and more women in China have been diving into fields of scientific study used to be dominated by men. To show how they have progressed in recent years, our staff reporter XIN Ling, shares with you the success stories of three leading female scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A Trademark Dispute Arising from Use of Registered and Non-registered Trademarks in Combination

The case in brief The Guangdong Jinli Electric Appliances Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jinli) is the registrant of No. 1465894 trademark "曼科" (pronounced as "man ke" in Chinese and the trademark will be referred to below as "MK") used on goods in class 9: electric switches and sockets. While the "MK" trademark is reputable in Guangdong Province, on part of the goods it makes, Jinli actually uses the trademark of "MK CLIPMEI". Ms Liao Yanwen, a resident