运用灰色系统理论对我国速滑运动员黄勇的身体素质进行优势分析

运用灰色系统理论中的关联分析方法,对我国速滑运动员黄勇身体素质与专项运动成绩之间的相互关系进行了分析和研究,揭示出内在联系和科学规律,为运动训练提供科学依据和信息。     

对少年标枪运动员易春梅的优势分析及GM(1,1)建模预测

本文运用灰色理论中的关联分析法对易春梅标枪成绩的提高因素进行分析研究 ,旨在探讨其内在联系和规律 ,并针对运动成绩的模糊性、未知性 ,运用灰色理论的灰色模型方法 ,建立专项成绩的灰色 GM(1,1)预测模型 ,进行了后验差检验和关联度分析 ,并运用该模型对易春梅 1999年和 2 0 0 0年的运动成绩进行了预测。     

短跑道速滑全国纪录的灰色模型及其预测

本文针对运动成绩变化规律的模糊性、未知性等，运用灰色理论的灰色模型方法建立了我国男女短跑道速滑全国纪录１０个项目的灰色ＧＭ（１，１）预测模型，并进行了后验差检验和关联度分析。结果表明预测模型可信，精度较高。同时，运用该模型对２０００年运动成绩进行了预测。     

对跳高运动员赵宁身体素质灰关联分析及GM(1,1)建模预测

本文运用灰色理论中的关联分析法，对跳高运动员赵宁各项素质进行了综合分析，找出了影响运动员成绩提高的主要因素；并运用了灰色理论的灰色模型方法，建立了专项成绩的灰色GM(1，1)预测模型，运用该模型对赵宁2004年和2005年的运动成绩进行了预测。     

男子三级跳远的相关因素与评价模型

运用数理统计方法，对国内、外１０名优秀男子三级跳远运动员的有关数据进行处理，研究男子三级跳远成绩与有关专项身体素质的相关关系，并建立男子三级跳远主要专项身体素质的评价和运动成绩的予测模型，为检查和评定运动员的运动水平和制定运动水平的发展目标提供参考依据。     

关于速滑运动员身体训练的几个问题(下)

速滑运动员创造的运动成绩与其身体素质的全面发展有密切关系.但是,发展某一身体素质又与其它身体素质发展水平之间息息相关.经验表明,处理好各种身体素质之间的辩证统一关系很重要.扩大相互促进的作用,尽量回避和减少相互制约的可能性是进行身体素质训练的重要问题.速滑运动员的身体素质发展得越全面越高,掌握的运动技能越广泛多样,则运动员掌握现代速滑技术和对冰上专项的适应能力就越强,运动成绩提高就越快,而且能达到高级水平.     

男子400m栏世界、全国纪录的灰色模型及其预测

对于单项未来运动成绩的预测来说 ,运动成绩的发展趋势是由多因素决定的 ,有的已知 ,有的未知 ,不确切或模糊 ,若将运动成绩中已知、未知的影响因素看作一个系统。那么 ,它就是一个典型的灰色系统 ,可以运用灰色理论中的灰色模型方法 ,对原始的无规律或规律不明显 ,不够确切的数据进行加工处理 (即ＡＧＯ生成 ) ,使之变为较有规律或更为确切 ,再利用生成后的数据进行分析建模。然后 ,运用该模型进行未来运动成绩预测。因此 ,本文运用灰色理论中的灰色Ｇｍ(1,1)模型方法 ,建立了男子 4 0 0ｍ栏世界纪录和全国纪录的灰色Ｇｍ(1,1)模型方法 ,建立了男子 4 0 0ｍ栏世界纪录和全国纪录的灰色Ｇｍ(1,1)预测模型 ,对未来运动成绩中长期预测和决策提供信息。1　研究方法文献法 :收集整理了男子 4 0 0ｍ栏 1972～ 1999年世界纪录和 1981～ 1999年全国纪录。数据统计法 :运用奔腾Ⅲ - 5 0 0微型计算机建立了男子 4 0 0ｍ栏世界纪录和全国纪录的灰色Ｇｍ(1,1)模型 ,并进行了后验差检验和关联度分析。2　灰色建模2 1　确定灰色模型的类型灰色模型一般是ｎ阶ｈ个变量 ,记为Ｇｍ(ｎ ,...     

运用灰色理论对我国著名速滑运动员薛瑞红的优势分析

运用灰色理论对我国著名速滑运动员薛瑞红的优势分析齐齐哈尔师范学院袁建国，周新华内蒙扎兰屯市卫生学校魏忠敏齐齐哈尔市体校徐克黑龙江省化工学校冯玉林１前言薛瑞红是我国著名速滑运动员，曾多次在国内外重大比赛中取得优异成绩，那么，哪些身体素质对速滑运动成绩影...     

女子100 m栏世界、中国国家纪录的灰数递补模型及其成绩预测

针对运动成绩变化规律的未知性、不确切性和模糊性等特点 ,运用灰色系统理论中的灰色模型方法 ,建立了女子 10 0 m栏世界和全国纪录的等维灰数递补 GM(1,1)预测模型 ,并进行了后验差检验。结果表明 ,模型的精度均为一级。使用该模型对 2 0 0 5年该项运动成绩进行了预测     

少年女子速滑运动员在不同负荷下摄氧量的初步探讨

一、目的提高运动成绩除了技术上的不断完善外,对身体机能水平的改善和提高也是十分重要的.为了提高我国速滑运动水平,对少年儿童速滑运动员进行多方面基础理论学科的研究,提高他(她)们的专项身体素质,是提高速滑运动成绩的一种可取的办法.众所周知,要想取得良好运动成绩,运动时的能量供应十分重要.能量供应有两种方式,一种     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.