Affordances and Limitations of Immersive Participatory Augmented Reality Simulations for Teaching and Learning

The purpose of this study was to document how teachers and students describe and comprehend the ways in which participating in an augmented reality (AR) simulation aids or hinders teaching and learning. Like the multi-user virtual environment (MUVE) interface that underlies Internet games, AR is a good medium for immersive collaborative simulation, but has different strengths and limitations than MUVEs. Within a design-based research project, the researchers conducted multiple qualitative case studies across two middle schools (6th and 7th grade) and one high school (10th grade) in the northeastern United States to document the affordances and limitations of AR simulations from the student and teacher perspective. The researchers collected data through formal and informal interviews, direct observations, web site posts, and site documents. Teachers and students reported that the technology-mediated narrative and the interactive, situated, collaborative problem solving affordances of the AR simulation were highly engaging, especially among students who had previously presented behavioral and academic challenges for the teachers. However, while the AR simulation provided potentially transformative added value, it simultaneously presented unique technological, managerial, and cognitive challenges to teaching and learning.     

Applications of Augmented Reality in Informal Science Learning Sites: a Review

The importance of increasing interest in the STEM disciplines has been noted in a number of recent national reports. While many previous studies have focused on such efforts inside of the formal classroom, comparatively few have looked closely at informal learning environments. We investigate the innovative use of technology in informal learning by reviewing research on the incorporation of augmented reality (AR) at exhibit-based informal science education (ISE) settings in the literature. We report on the common STEM-focused topics that are covered by current AR applications for ISE learning, as well as the different devices used to support these applications. Additionally, we report on the prevalence of positive learning outcomes and engagement factors commonly associated with the use AR applications in informal environments. This review aims to foster continued development and implementation of AR technology in exhibit-based ISE settings by informing the community of recent findings and promoting additional rigorous research for the future.     

Design Principles for Augmented Reality Learning

Augmented reality is an emerging technology that utilizes mobile, context-aware devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets) that enable participants to interact with digital information embedded within the physical environment. This overview of design principles focuses on specific strategies that instructional designers can use to develop AR learning experiences. A review of the literature reveals the following three design principles as instructive: 1. Enable and then challenge (challenge): 2. Drive by gamified story (fantasy); and 3. See the unseen (curiosity). These design principles can also be viewed as an attempt to either leverage the unique affor- dances of AR or minimize the limitations of the medium as reported in the literature (Dunleavy & Dede, 2014). As the field matures and more research teams explore the potential of AR to enhance teaching and learning, it will be critical to determine the design techniques that optimize the unique affordances of AR, minimize the limitations of the medium, and ultimately enhance learning across the curriculum.     

增强现实技术的教学应用研究

增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)是把计算机生成的虚拟信息合成到用户看到的真实世界中,使真实世界与虚拟物体实时叠加到同一时空而同时存在的一种技术.本文介绍了增强现实的概念、特点和技术原理,根据增强现实系统所具备的性能和已有研究成果,探讨了其在教与学中的应用方式,试图为增强现实进入教育领域提供借鉴.     

增强现实技术支持下的儿童虚拟交互学习环境研发

增强现实环境中的学习注重虚拟与现实的结合,通过在现实环境之中叠映虚拟三维场景信息,让学习者使用电脑或移动终端在虚实融合的学习环境中交互学习。文章在精要阐述增强现实技术可为儿童构建四种类型的虚实结合的交互学习环境的基础上,以交互式儿童多媒体科普电子书为例,论述基于增强现实的儿童虚拟交互学习环境的结构功能、开发工具、三维模型和标志物的设计及制作、增强现实引擎的实现,以及阅读机理与流程。     

Exploring the Effectiveness and Moderators of Augmented Reality on Science Learning: a Meta-analysis

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The use of augmented reality (AR) technology in the science curriculum has the potential to assist students in comprehending abstract and complex...     

Neuroanatomy Learning: Augmented Reality vs. Cross-Sections

Neuroanatomy education is a challenging field which could benefit from modern innovations, such as augmented reality (AR) applications. This study investigates the differences on test scores, cognitive load, and motivation after neuroanatomy learning using AR applications or using cross-sections of the brain. Prior to two practical assignments, a pretest (extended matching questions, double-choice questions and a test on cross-sectional anatomy) and a mental rotation test (MRT) were completed. Sex and MRT scores were used to stratify students over the two groups. The two practical assignments were designed to study (1) general brain anatomy and (2) subcortical structures. Subsequently, participants completed a posttest similar to the pretest and a motivational questionnaire. Finally, a focus group interview was conducted to appraise participants’ perceptions. Medical and biomedical students (n = 31); 19 males (61.3%) and 12 females (38.7%), mean age 19.2 ± 1.7 years participated in this experiment. Students who worked with cross-sections (n = 16) showed significantly more improvement on test scores than students who worked with GreyMapp-AR (P = 0.035) (n = 15). Further analysis showed that this difference was primarily caused by significant improvement on the cross-sectional questions. Students in the cross-section group, moreover, experienced a significantly higher germane (P = 0.009) and extraneous cognitive load (P = 0.016) than students in the GreyMapp-AR group. No significant differences were found in motivational scores. To conclude, this study suggests that AR applications can play a role in future anatomy education as an add-on educational tool, especially in learning three-dimensional relations of anatomical structures.     

Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Application for Learning Neuroanatomy in Psychology

Neuroanatomy is difficult for psychology students because of spatial visualization and the relationship among brain structures. Some technologies have been implemented to facilitate the learning of anatomy using three-dimensional (3D) visualization of anatomy contents. Augmented reality (AR) is a promising technology in this field. A mobile AR application to provide the visualization of morphological and functional information of the brain was developed. A sample of 67 students of neuropsychology completed tests for visuospatial ability, anatomical knowledge, learning goals, and experience with technologies. Subsequently, they performed a learning activity using one of the visualization methods considered: a 3D method using the AR application and a two-dimensional (2D) method using a textbook to color, followed by questions concerning their satisfaction and knowledge. After using the alternative method, the students expressed their preference. The two methods improved knowledge equally, but the 3D method obtained higher satisfaction scores and was more preferred by students. The 3D method was also more preferred by the students who used this method during the activity. After controlling for the method used in the activity, associations were found between the preference of the 3D method because of its usability and experience with technologies. These results found that the AR application was highly valued by students to learn and was as effective as the textbook for this purpose.     

增强现实技术应用于第二语言学习的文献综述

增强现实(AR)技术提供了一个虚实融合的学习环境,可以潜在地影响第二语言学习过程中的学习体验和知识获得.随着第二语言学习AR应用的日益增多,我们迫切希望了解AR技术如何辅助第二语言学习.本文选取国内外28种高影响力的期刊,使用近5年(2015—2020)31篇应用AR技术进行语言教学的论文开展文献综述.笔者运用定性和补充性描述相结合的方法对论文内容进行分析,从交互类型、教学内容、教学方法、研究方法、评测维度等方面构建编码与分析框架.分析结果发现AR第二语言教育应用主要采用基于增强纸交互、有形物体交互、基于位置的多模态交互三种交互类型;教学内容主要以词汇、阅读或写作训练为主;教学方法主要采用演示、启发与任务驱动;研究方法采用定量、定性或二者相结合的方法;教育适用性评测维度主要为情感态度、学习效果、可用性等.语言教学过程适应性、实时交互的稳定性、教学内容更新的便捷性以及学习任务的可协作性等是AR技术应用于第二语言学习面临的挑战.     

基于增强现实技术的移动学习研究初探

高普及度、便携易用的智能手持设备是能够体现增强现实价值的重要平台,增强现实创新了移动应用模式,为移动学习提供了新的学习支持。文章在概述增强现实软硬件系统的基础上,基于Hype Cycle模型与地平线报告分析,阐述了移动学习与增强现实的发展现状与前景。分析了基于增强现实的移动学习的已有研究与应用案例,探讨了Specht的增强现实学习模式,并构建了增强现实学习系统的设计与开发模型。     

Participatory Scaling Through Augmented Reality Learning Through Local Games

The proliferation of broadband mobile devices, which many students bring to school with them as mobile phones, makes the widespread adoption of AR pedagogies a possibility, but pedagogical, distribution, and training models are needed to make this innovation an integrated part of education, This paper employs Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) to argue for a participatory model of scaling by key stakeholders groups (students, teachers, researchers, administrators), and demonstrates through various cases how ARIS (arisgames.org) — a free, open-source tool for educators to create and disseminate mobile AR learning experiences — may be such a model.     

Tools for Science Inquiry Learning: Tool Affordances,Experimentation Strategies,and Conceptual Understanding

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Manipulative environments play a fundamental role in inquiry-based science learning, yet how they impact learning is not fully understood. In a series...     

A Model for Augmented Reality Immersion Experiences of University Students Studying in Science Education

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The aim of this study is to investigate the augmented reality (AR) immersion experiences of university students studying in science education. The...     

Making the Invisible Visible in Science Museums Through Augmented Reality Devices

Despite the potential of augmented reality (AR) in enabling students to construct new understanding, little is known about how the processes and interactions with the multimedia lead to increased learning. This study seeks to explore the affordances of an AR tool on learning that is focused on the science concept of magnets and magnetic fields. Seventy students in grades 5 through 7 participated in the study in a non- AR or AR condition. Findings showed that students in the AR condition interacted with the magnets significantly longer and demonstrated higher amounts of teamwork. In interviews, students identified five affordances of the AR on learning that are closely related to the literature on dynamic visualizations, such as the ability to visualize invisible phenomenon and scaffolds that focus attention on relevant information.     

增强现实技术在移动学习中的应用初探

增强现实技术是在虚拟现实技术基础上发展起来的一种新技术,智能手机的迅速发展又推动了增强现实技术的实际应用。文章在阐述增强现实概念的基础上介绍了增强现实技术在智能手机上的应用以及支持智能手机增强现实系统的核心技术,并论证了增强现实技术在移动学习中应用的前景。     

增强现实产品发展方向研究

通过对AR产品现状与发展趋势分析,从技术因素、保持消费平滑过渡原则、串并行发展策略与市场前期目标等方面,阐述AR产品的迭代进化路径。分别对AR几类主要产品存在的问题进行分析。结合5G、AR云在AR技术上的普及应用,AR眼镜将成为下一代主流产品等现实情况,提出AR Glass仍具缺陷,裸眼3D全息显示更符合用户习惯,光场(Light Field)技术将扮演关键角色,可能将为AR技术甚至人类生活带来颠覆性变革的观点。     

Augmented Reality Application for Handheld Devices

Science & Education - The Pavia University History Museum, which houses historic items mainly connected to the physics and medicine fields, has focused in the past years on new ways to involve...     

What Teachers Need to Know About Augmented Reality Enhanced Learning Environments

Augmented reality (AR) enhanced learning environments have been designed to teach a variety of subjects by having learners act like professionals in the field as opposed to students in a classroom. The environments, grounded in constructivist and situated learning theories, place students in a meaningful, non-classroom environment and force them to collaborate with each other in order to solve an ill-defined problem. AR content, accessed via a mobile broadband device (MBD) such as a phone or tablet, is used to guide the learning experiences. Student participants have reported an increased interest in the settings of the experiences and have expressed a positive attitude towards this innovative form of instructional delivery. Using newly available software loaded on MBDs, teachers and/or students can design and share AR enhanced learning environments that are tied to unique places in their communities.