"五四"精神与新时期新闻改革

今年是"五四"运动90周年,本文从新时期新闻改革的视野,思考如何传承"五四"的民主、科学传统,如何创造性地发展"五四"的民主、科学精神,从而保证新时期新闻改革在健康、正确的轨道上继续运行,推进新闻改革持续深入开展.     

论新闻精神对职业新闻活动者的作用

新闻精神是新闻活动者对待新闻活动的基本态度,关于新闻传播的价值理想,以及进行新闻传播的方法理念。新闻精神所诉求的目标——真实、正义(公正)、自由,是新闻活动主体追求的直接目标。新闻精神对职业新闻活动者具有定位与指向、动力与激励、规范与标准作用。     

深刻理解"新闻客观性"--读《维系民主?西方政治与新闻客观性》一书

"新闻客观性"是新闻理论重要的基础命题之一,作为新闻专业主义的理想或追求,始终是人们评判新闻工作的原则.它是宏观理论,也是微观实践,是职业精神,也是文化形式和操作程序.     

邵飘萍与林白水的新闻观比照

邵飘萍与林白水是同处"五四"时期的著名报刊活动家,他们有着许多相似的经历和贡献.二人新闻生涯的起点都在杭州,辉煌期都在北京:二人都是我国早期新闻事业职业化的重要推动者;二人都以新闻救国为理想,体现了我国职业报人救国救民、胸怀天下的气魄;二人都以采写独家新闻而著称,采访报道技巧至今仍为新闻业界学习和效仿;二人同为社会启蒙思想家,引导和鼓励民众进行反帝反封建的爱国运动;二人同样都因新闻报道而贾祸,为军阀所不容而被杀害,但都为后世新闻记者树立了职业精神的标杆.     

五四时期的新闻本位思想探析

五四时期是中国社会由旧民主主义革命向新民主主义革命过渡的时期,中国新闻事业发生了重大的转变,新闻思想和新闻实践有了很大的提升,以邵飘萍为代表的新闻前辈提出了新闻本位思想并身体力行.新闻本位思想在新闻观念、办报理念、报刊经营等方面都有所体现,对当时和后来的新闻理论和新闻实践产生了很大的影响.本文拟从新闻本位思想的内容表现、产生背景、对后来的影响以及对当下的意义等方面进行探讨和分析.     

试论新闻的"文化值"

"文化值"一词初见于<王观堂先生挽词并序>,其开头写道:"凡一种文化值衰落之时,为此文化所化之人必感其痛……"那么,什么是新闻的"文化值",笔者界定为:它是隐伏在新闻事实深层的人文方向和精神内质.它与受众有着密切的关系,是人与人之间的精神活动.新闻的文化值是新闻报道的"本位",是加重新闻分量的砝码,是新闻报道流播久远的旗幡.……     

试论新闻的"文化值"

"文化值"一词初见于<王观堂先生挽词并序>,其开头写道:"凡一种文化值衰落之时,为此文化所化之人必感其痛……"那么,什么是新闻的"文化值",笔者界定为:它是隐伏在新闻事实深层的人文方向和精神内质.它与受众有着密切的关系,是人与人之间的精神活动.新闻的文化值是新闻报道的"本位",是加重新闻分量的砝码,是新闻报道流播久远的旗幡.……     

"反转新闻"与"观点超越事实"问题的解决策略分析 ——基于"新闻策展"理念

"后真相"时代,"反转新闻"与"观点超越事实"作为两种日益突出的新闻真实问题,反映出职业媒体原有报道模式在网络信息环境中面临的困境.上述两种新闻在真实问题上有着各自不同的概念内涵、相关事实特征及规避失实问题的技术特点,最后基于"新闻策展"理念和网络互动视频技术,提出在网络信息环境中职业媒体实现两种新闻真实的策略路径.     

新闻写作力戒"想当然"

关于"真实是新闻的生命",早已经是一个老而又老的命题.近年来提出来的"贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众",我觉得从根本上来说,还是为了"真实是新闻的生命"这个命题.因为只有"三贴近",才能了解、掌握第一手资料,才能透过现象看本质,才能不失真,才能保证和维护新闻的真实性.本人在企业报从事新闻宣传报道工作已近20年,既当过"寂寞"编辑,也干过经常"出头露面"的记者,但是遗憾的是,在多年的新闻工作实践当中,既听说或碰到过别人"想当然",自己也有过"想当然",因而因为"想当然"影响了新闻的真实性,造成了应该吸取的教训.     

西方新闻自由语境中的"新闻专业主义"

本文探讨了西方"新闻专业主义"的产生历程及其"公共服务"的信念,认为新闻专业主义加强了新闻从业者对自我职业形象--追求真理、服务社会-的心理需求.另外还论述了当前实现新闻专业主义的障碍,包括政治势力对媒体的影响;资本势力对商业性媒体的控制;"信息自助餐"报道模式的弊端.     

Journalism

Stanley Besen and Bridger Mitchell's Watergate and Television: An Economic Analysis (Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corp., 1975—$3.00, paper).

Edward W. Knappman's Government and the Media in Conflict: 1970-74 (New York: Facts on File, 1974—$4.50 1 paper)

Raymond A. Schroth's The Eagle and Brooklyn :A Community.. Newspaper,.1a41-1955 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974—$12.95).

H.L. Mencken, A Gang of Pecksniffs and other Comments on Newspaper Publishers, Editors, and Reporters (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1975—$8.95)

George A. Hough's News Writing (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975—price not given)     

Journalism

Ernest C. Hynds' American Newspapers in the 1970s (New York: Hastings House, 1975—$13.50/7.95)

Writing Craft and Art (214 pp.)

Finding Facts: Interviewing, Observing, Using Reference Sources (226 pp.)

Finis Farr's Fair Enbugh:.The Life of Westbrook pegler (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1975—$8.95)

Fair Trail/Free Press:Voluntary Agreements (American Bar Association, 1155 East 60th St., Chicago 60637—single copies free on request, multiples at $3.50 each)     

Journalism

THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE: THE FIRST HUNDRED YEARS by Charles Robertson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987—$35.00)

JOHN F. KENNEDY AND THE MEDIA: THE FIRST TELEVISION PRESIDENT by Joseph P. Berry, Jr. (Lanhan, MD: University Press of America, 1987—$24.50/11.75)

WHEN YOU ARE THE HEADLINE: MANAGING A MAJOR NEWS STORY by Robert Irvine (Homewood, ILL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1987—price not given)

NEWS: THE POLITICS OF ILLUSION by W. Lance Bennett (New York: Longman, 1988—$13.95, paper)     

Journalism

Irving E. Fang Television News (New York: Hastings House, 1972—$12.95/7.50)

Ivan and Carol Doig's News: A Consumer's Guide (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972—available in hard and soft cover with a teacher's guide, cost not known)

David J. LeRoy and Christopher H. Sterling (eds.) Mass News: Practices, Controversies and Alternatives (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973—about $6.95/3.95, with advance copies available this month)

William L. Rivers, William B. Blankenburg, Kenneth Starck, and Earl Reeves' Backtalk: Press Councils in America (San Francisco: Canfield Press, with distribution by Harper & Row of New York, 1972—price not known, paper)

Laurence Leamer's The Paper Revolutionaries: The Rise of the Underground Press (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972—$8.95/2.95)

John Whale's Journalism and Government: A British View (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1972—$4.95)

Al Morgan's The Whole World is Watching (New York: Stein & Day, 1972—$6.95)

J.H. Schacht's A Bibliography for the Study of Magazines (Urbana, Ill.: Institute of Communications Research, 1207 West Orange St., 1972—single copies free on request),     

Journalism

Leon V. Sigal's Reporters and Officials: The Organization and Politics of Newsmaking (Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath Lexington Books, 1973—price not known but around 15.00)

Edward Jay Epstein's News from Nowhere: Television and the News (New York: Random House, 1973 —$7.95)

John Hohenberg's The Professional Journalist (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973— )     

Journalism

THE MEDIA ELITE: AMERICA'S NEW POWER-BROKERS by S. Robert Lichter, et al. (Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler, with distribution by Harper & Row, 1986—$19.95)

THE WAR AGAINST THE PRESS: POLITICS, PRESSURE AND INTIMIDATION IN THE 80s by Peter Stoler (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1986—$17.95)

CITIZEN MURDOCH by Thomas Kiernan (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1986—$18.95)     

简论新闻精神对新闻制度建设的作用

新闻精神是新闻活动者对待新闻活动的基本态度,关于新闻传播的价值理想,以及进行新闻传播的方法理念;新闻制度是指传媒机构的隶属关系、传播宗旨、管理方式和经营运作模式,新闻资产的所有制是新闻制度的核心。新闻精神对新闻制度的设计和建设具有“思想母机”的作用。     

Journalism

Michael Wynn Jones' A Newspaper History of the World (New York: Morrow, 1974—$15.95)

Problems of Journalism: Proceedings of the 1974 Convention, American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE, Box 551, 1350 Sullivan Trail, Easton, Pa. 18042—$6.25)

M.L. Stein's Shaping the News: How the Media Function in Today's World (New York: Pocket Books, 1974—$1.25, paper)

Raymond A. Schroth S.J., The Eagle and Brooklyn: A Community Newspaper, 1341-1955 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974— $12.95)

American Newspaper Publishers Association News Research Bulletin (write to Mr. William Schabacker, Manager, Information Services, American Newspaper Publishers Association, P.O. Box 17407, Dulles International Airport, Washington, D.C. 20041)     

Journalism

George E. Stevens and John B. Webster's Law and the Student Press (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1973---price not given, paper)

Jerome L. Nelson's Libel. A Basic Program for Beginning Journalists (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1973---price not given, paper)

Art of the Printed Book: 1455-1955 (New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1973---$20.00/11.00)

Bruce Buschel, Albert Robbins, William Vitta, and Rod Nordland's The Watergate File (New York: Quick Fox Inc., 33 West 60th St., 1973---$3.95, paper)     

Journalism

Marvin Barrett and Zachary Sklar's The Seventh Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Survey of Broadcast Journalism: The Eye of the Storm (New York: Lippincott & Crowell, 1980---$11.95/6.95).

Herbert E. Alexander's Financing the 1976 Election (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1414 22nd St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20037---$35.00).

Benjamin M. Compaine's The Newspaper Industry in the 1980s: An Assessment of Economics and Technology (White Plains, N.Y.: Knowledge industry Publications, 1980---$24.95).

Mitchell Stephens' Broadcast News: Radio Journalism and an Introduction to Television (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1980---$12.95).

James D. Startt's Journalism's Unofficial Ambassador: A Biography of Edward Price Bell, 1869-1943 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1980---$15.95).