谈物理CAI课件设计中的四忌

物理老师在打电子文稿时，常常需要作出各种各样的图形，如电路图、实验图等，由于物理图形的多样性，虽有专门的物理图形制作工具，但很难满足制作试卷、编辑资料的需要。经过长期实践、摸索，我发现了在Word中用“自选图形”命令制作物理图形的方法和技巧。     

如何利用几何画板建立"物理工具库"

随着计算机辅助教学的不断深入,电子备课、电子教案、多媒体课件的运用已非常普及.由于物理学科的特点,物理教师都想自己动手制作物理课件、编写电子教案,但是在制作和编写的过程中出现了一个棘手的问题,即物理图形的制作.笔者通过对几何画板的深入研究,利用几何画板独特的"构图"功能和"记录"功能,建立了常用的"物理图形工具库",供平时备课和制作课件时随手调用,效果很好.用几何画板制作物理工具操作简单,与用Word制作"物理画板"工具相比,其特殊性还在于这些图形是"活的",可以任意组合、调节.本文以"电灯符号"的制作过程为例,介绍"物理工具库"的建立与使用方法,供大家参考.     

“物理图形“的即点即画——如何在Word中创建一个“物理图形”工具栏

word97/2 0 0 0是许多教师经常使用的文字编辑软件 ,对于其中的“绘图”工具大家一定很熟悉 ,特别是其子菜单中分类放置了许多图形符号按钮 ,使用起来非常方便 .物理教师在使用过程中除了绘制上述图形之外 ,还常常要画许多复杂的物理图形 ,甚至是实物图 .能不能也有这样一些按钮 ,使“物理图形”做到即点即画呢 ?答案是肯定的 ,这里给大家介绍如何在 word中创建一个“物理图形”工具栏 ,以快速、便捷地在 word中绘制各种物理图形 .一、图形符号的制作创建图形工具栏首先要有图形符号 ,图形符号的制作一般有以下几种途径 :1 .使用绘图工具绘…     

如何在Word中创建“物理图形”工具栏实现即点即画

在电子教案的编写、试题库的编制及网页的制作等文档编辑过程中，许多物理教师经常使用Word文字编辑软件，对于其中的“绘图”工具栏中放置了许多图形符号按钮，使用起来非常方便，但物理教师在使用过程中除了绘制上述图形之外，还需要画许多物理图形甚至是实物图。能不能创建自己的“物理图形”工具栏，使物理图形做到即点即画呢？这里以Word2003为例给大家介绍如何在Word中创建“物理图形”工具栏，以便快速、方便地在Word中绘制各种物理图形，提高绘图的效率与质量。     

如何在Word中创建"物理图形"工具栏实现即点即画

在电子教案的编写、试题库的编制及网页的制作等文档编辑过程中,许多物理教师经常使用Word文字编辑软件,对于其中的“绘图”工具栏中放置了许多图形符号按钮,使用起来非常方便,但物理教师在使用过程中除了绘制上述图形之外,还需要画许多物理图形甚至是实物图。能不能创建自己的“物理图形”工具栏,使物理图形做到即点即画呢?这里以Word2003为例给大家介绍如何在Word中创建“物理图形”工具栏,以便快速、方便地在Word中绘制各种物理图形,提高绘图的效率与质量。1新建文档模板启动Word2003,在菜单栏选择“文件”/“新建”命令,在“新建”对…     

用键盘直接输入物理图形

在多媒体教学成为教师的一门必修课的今天 ,我们在课件的制作过程中 ,往往需要处理许多图形。画图成为了教师利用电脑为教学服务的一大难题。我一直想若能象输入汉字或字母一样输入物理图形、公式 ,那多方便。经过努力 ,我利用 Word提供的“自动更正”功能实现了这一梦想 ,做到了在 Word中仅用拼音声母便可轻松输入常见的物体实物图、物理图形、公式及核反应方程。下面介绍该模板的建立方法。1　建立物理信息资源1 .1　简单的物理符号——可利用画图工具中的“自选图形”工具画图1利用画图工具中的“自选图形”工具直接画出的物理图形有小…     

用Word工具巧作物理图形

物理老师在打电子文稿时,常常需要作出各种各样的图形,如电路图、实验图等,由于物理图形的多样性,虽有专门的物理图形制作工具,但很难满足制作试卷、编辑资料的需要。经过长期实践、摸索,我发现了在Word中用“自选图形”命令制作物理图形的方法和技巧。1不规则的平面图的作法用最简便的办法画弹簧如图1所示,首先画矩形,选中“矩形”单击鼠标右键,在“设置自选图形格式”命令中选“颜色菜单”中“填充效果”命令,在“填充效果”选“图案”标签确定“大网格”图案。再画一根竖线,光标移到竖线中间单击鼠标右键,在菜单中选“编辑顶点”命令,再…     

如何利用几何画板建立“物理工具库”

随着计算机辅助教学的不断深入,电子备课、电子教案、多媒体课件的运用已非常普及。由于物理学科的特点,物理教师都想自己动手制作物理课件、编写电子教案,但是在制作和编写的过程中出现了一个棘手的问题,即物理图形的制作。笔者通过对几何画板的深入研究,利用几何画板独特的“构图”功能和“记录”功能,建立了常用的“物理图形工具库”,供平时备课和制作课件时随手调用,效果很好。用几何画板制作物理工具操作简单,与用 Word 制作“物理画板”工具相比,其特殊性还在于这     

Flash制作李萨如图形显示原理课件

语句编程制作的李萨如图形显示原理课件,克服了其他方法制作李萨如图形的缺憾,是应用计算机课件辅助物理教学的一种尝试。     

在Word文档中物理图形的调用方法对存储体积的影响

在物理电子教案的编写、试题库的编制及网页的制作等文档编辑过程中,图形的绘制与编辑都是不可避免的,图形存储“体积”的大小对电子文档的保存和网上传输的时间有着极大的影响。因此,提高绘图的效率并尽量减小图形的存储“体积”具有十分重要的意义。本文介绍在Word文档中调用和整合现有物理图形的方法及图形的存储“体积”问题。     

Didactical Reconstruction of Processes in Knowledge Construction: Pre-service Physics Teachers Learning the Law of Electromagnetic Induction

In physics teacher education, two central goals are first to learn the structures of physics knowledge, and second the processes of its construction. To know the structure is to know the framework of concepts and laws; to know the processes is to know where the knowledge comes from, how the framework is constructed, and how it can be justified. This article introduces a way to approach these goals in the form of a graphical tool called the didactical reconstruction of processes (DRP), where knowledge is constructed to the extent that experiments and models have an equally important role in the construction process. In practice, the DRP is a graphical network representation or a ??flow chart?? with a specific structure, which aims to give an image of the processes of physical concept formation, while at the same time bearing in mind the educational goals. The DRP was tested in an instruction unit for pre-service physics teachers, where students drew flow charts for representing how the law of electromagnetic induction is formed. In addition to flow charts, students also wrote essays clarifying the content of the flow charts. The flow charts and essays were analysed through a qualitative categorisation of structural and knowledge claim patterns. The results show that the DRP helps students in arguing how to form the electromagnetic induction law and that the experiments and models have a distinct role in supporting students?? knowledge claims.     

用Excel处理实验数据

介绍用 Ｅｘｃｅｌ９７中文版软件处理物理实验数据的方法．以列表法和作图法为例,指出了具体的操作步骤．     

自组织表征理论:一种物理问题解决的新理论

依据协同学理论,提出了问题解决的自组织表征理论,采用原始物理问题测验工具,研究了中学生解决原始问题的表征情况,发现得分直方图呈现双峰分布与双峰分布转移现象,通过协同学的唯象分析给出了理论解释。     

The relationship of freshmen's physics achievement and their related affective characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine the best‐fitting structural equation model between the freshmen's physics achievement and selected affective characteristics related to physics. These characteristics are students' situational interest in physics, personal interest in physics, aspiring extra activities related to physics, importance of physics, importance of electricity, physics course anxiety, physics test anxiety, physics achievement motivation, student motivation in physics, self‐efficacy in physics, self‐concept in physics, and locus of control. The researchers developed the affective characteristics questionnaire that consisted of 12 subdimensions, and has 53 items related to these subdimensions. The questionnaire was applied to 890 freshmen physics students at the universities in Ankara. Two models were tested: a unidimensional model and a multidimensional model. However, a third model, which is more similar to the multidimensional model, exhibited the best fit for the freshmen. Moreover, the results revealed that achievement motivation was the most influential affective characteristic on physics achievement. On the other hand, motivation in physics had a negative influence on physics achievement in the model, and the influence of the students' attitudes towards physics was not statistically significant. Thus, one should especially pay attention to the students' achievement motivation in physics if the aim is to increase students' physics achievement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1036–1056, 2007     

解决地方院校物理教学难的问题——关注大学物理与中学物理教学的衔接

大学物理和高中物理在教学内容、学习方式、教学方式等方面的脱节,直接影响了大学物理的教学和人才培养质量。做好物理学习的衔接能有效地解决地方院校中物理教学难、学生学习难的问题。论文通过对中学和大学物理的学习兴趣、教学内容、学习方法、教学方法等方面的研究和分析,提出了大学、中学物理学习顺利有效衔接的建议和对策,以期对地方院校低年级物理教学难的现状的改变寻找到一条有效的途径。     

大学物理课程的教学改革与探索

结合大学物理课程教学改革,讨论了大学物理与中学物理的衔接、定积分与大学物理的衔接、经典物理和近代物理教学内容的整合、理论联系实际和不同专业对大学物理有特殊需求等问题,以期促进大学物理教学质量的进一步提高。     

Changing the Metacognitive Orientation of a Classroom Environment to Stimulate Metacognitive Reflection Regarding the Nature of Physics Learning

Problems persist with physics learning in relation to students' understanding and use of representations for making sense of physics concepts. Further, students' views of physics learning and their physics learning processes have been predominantly found to reflect a ‘surface’ approach to learning that focuses on mathematical aspects of physics learning that are often passed on via textbooks and lecture-style teaching. This paper reports on a teacher's effort to stimulate students' metacognitive reflection regarding their views of physics learning and their physics learning processes via a pedagogical change that incorporated the use of a representational framework and metaphors. As a consequence of the teacher's pedagogical change, students metacognitively reflected on their views of physics and their learning processes and some reported changes in their views of what it meant to understand physics and how they might learn and understand physics concepts. The findings provide a basis for further explicit teaching of representational frameworks to students in physics education as a potential means of addressing issues with their physics learning.     

What Sort of Girl Wants to Study Physics After the Age of 16? Findings from a Large-scale UK Survey

This paper investigates the characteristics of 15-year-old girls who express an intention to study physics post-16. This paper unpacks issues around within-girl group differences and similarities between boys and girls in survey responses about physics. The analysis is based on the year 10 (age 15 years) responses of 5,034 students from 137 UK schools as learners of physics during the academic year 2008–2009. A comparison between boys and girls indicates the pervasiveness of gender issues, with boys more likely to respond positively towards physics-specific constructs than girls. The analysis also indicates that girls and boys who expressed intentions to participate in physics post-16 gave similar responses towards their physics teachers and physics lessons and had comparable physics extrinsic motivation. Girls (regardless of their intention to participate in physics) were less likely than boys to be encouraged to study physics post-16 by teachers, family and friends. Despite this, there were a subset of girls still intending to study physics post-16. The crucial differences between the girls who intended to study physics post-16 and those who did not is that girls who intend to study physics post-16 had higher physics extrinsic motivation, more positive perceptions of physics teachers and lessons, greater competitiveness and a tendency to be less extrovert. This strongly suggests that higher extrinsic motivation in physics could be the crucial underlying key that encourages a subset of girls (as well as boys) in wanting to pursue physics post-16.     

大学物理教学中物理学方法论教育的渗透与实践

针对当前大学物理教学在方法论教育上存在的误区,分析了在大学物理教学中渗透物理学方法论教育的必要性,提出了在大学物理教学实践中渗透物理学方法论教育、实现大学物理课程教育价值的教学策略。     

Factors Influencing Singapore Students' Choice of Physics as a Tertiary Field of Study: A Rasch analysis

Asian students often perform well in international science and mathematics assessments. Their attitude toward technical subjects, such as physics, remains curious for many. The present study examines Singapore school students' views on various aspects of physics according to whether they intend to choose physics as an advanced field of study. A sample of 1076 physics students, from 16 secondary schools and junior colleges, participated in this study. The students were categorized as physics choosers or non-choosers according to their indicated intention, as sought in the survey, to study or not to study physics as a major subject at university after their leaving level examinations. Rasch-anchored analysis was employed to interpret the results; the use of Rasch analysis has helped to overcome significantly the psychometric limitations inherent in the treatment of Likert scale type of data using traditional analysis. As expected, the image of physics as a difficult subject surfaced in the samples used in our study. The students recognized unequivocally the utilitarian value of physics: physics is said to enhance career options and is necessary for technological progress to occur in a country. They also showed high interest in school physics—this is so even for students who are not keen to study physics in the future, a finding which is at variance with other studies reported from Western countries. School physics is seen to be relevant, and physics teachers are viewed as being able to foster students' interest in physics. Laboratory work, enrichment activities, and physics textbooks were reported to be important in order to encourage students to like physics. Though the physics choosers showed greater intention in physics, they were generally not inclined to pursue physics-related careers after graduation. Parents and peers at school, on the other hand, are perceived to display unenthusiastic attitudes toward physics. Possible reasons for these are discussed along with the implications of the study.