Educational Television in Portugal

Educational Television is a special department of Telescola, an official institution dependent on the Instituto de Meios Audio-Visuais de Ensino (I.M.A.V.E.—Institute of Audio-Visual Aids in Education), which was created in the Portuguese Ministry of Education at the end of 1964.     

Educational Television in Israel: spotlight on the future

The author was based at the Educational Television Centre in Tel‐Aviv with a remit to study the development of educational television in Israel from its inception in 1966. The article briefly discusses the political and technological factors which led to the development of an educational television channel in Israel. At that time television in Israel consisted solely of educational television broadcasts in the mornings and afternoons. This was extended when the Israeli Broadcasting Authority started to broadcast on the one Israeli channel in the evening slot. The article concentrates on the recent development of educational television and its bid for a new niche in the constellation of Israeli broadcasting. Inevitably the development and future of educational broadcasting is intimately linked with Israel's religious and political schisms and its military and cultural preoccupations. At the moment Israel still only has one television channel, although test programming has been piloted on a second channel. This article explores the future options open to the Educational Television Centre in the context of satellite and cable broadcasting and the development of a second channel. Evidently the factors affecting the future of broadcasting in Israel are not dissimiliar from those which now face the UK, given the publication of the 1988 White Paper on Broadcasting     

Educational Television in the Nineties: a global survey

This article describes the results of a global survey about the most critical issues facing educational television in this decade. Over 100 responses were received, and every continent was represented. Reactions indicated that the most critical problems were associated with limited funding, inadequate staffing, outdated equipment, insufficient broadcasting time and declining levels of government support. Lack of equipment in schools and insufficient teacher training were also cited as major concerns. Solutions to these problems were also solicited on the survey. There were some interesting suggestions, which included more corporate partnerships, international co‐productions, ‘media literacy’ training for teachers, and the establishment of a global educational television consortium.     

New Technology and Educational Television

The first part of the article provides a historical account of the broad phases of development that educational television has passed through as a result of social and technological influences:

• its beginnings in broadcasting in the fifties and sixties;

• its development through the video age in the seventies and eighties, with widening scope and opportunity as a result of developments in production and reception/recording equipment and an expansion of communication channels;

• its present potential, at the dawn of the interactive age, as a result of the influences of new technology.

The article then examines the problems of integrating new television‐related technologies into the educational system and draws attention to:

• the frequent past failures of the educational system to fully exploit new technologies, resulting in superficial integration and ineffectual use;

• the current tensions between the traditional educational technology approach and the drives behind much new technology;

• the need for appropriate systems and structures to ensure that the evaluation of such new technologies is properly resourced and effectively carried out.

     

网络教育视频:web2.0时代的网上教育电视资源库

文章从长尾理论出发,在分析网络教育视频这一教育电视的长尾的基础上,从数字技术支持和CC版权推动这两个角度对网络教育视频成为教育电视资源库的可行性进行了评估和验证。以期为网络时代教育电视的发展研究提供一个新的视角。     

Educational assessment in Danish schools

This profile describes the methods used for assessing pupils in Danish schools. The Danish school system is rooted in traditions going back almost 200 years. The per pupil expenditure is the highest of any country at the level of primary education and at the lower secondary level is only exceeded by three countries. Public satisfaction with the system has generally been high, but international comparisons have shown disappointing results. This may be a result of complacency and possibly also of a weak evaluation culture in a country without a national curriculum, without marking before grade eight, and without national tests of proficiency before the end of grade nine. However, there are changes underway in terms of strengthening the evaluation culture.     

Educational Television Evaluation: the impact of methodology on validity and learning

This paper provides an analysis of the process of educational television evaluation. The effect of the actual evaluation methodology on data gathered is examined, using the recently developed Programme Evaluation Analysis Computer system as an example. Problems and possible solutions in issues of internal and external validity are presented. Three main factors form the essential variables in the evaluation design model: the nature of the evaluation question; the nature of the programme; and the attention of the learner. The model emphasises the need for producers, teachers, and learners to define and agree on overall objectives and the criteria for assessment. A distinction is made between cognitive and affective objectives as well as between general broadcast educational television and more specific instructional programming. The electronic evaluation system discussed appears useful for assessing affective but not cognitive objectives.     

网络时代教育电视发展刍议

电视应用于教育领域后,曾在教育领域产生过很大影响.近年来,随着计算机和网络的迅速发展和普及,有些学者认为教育电视的辉煌已不复存在,甚至开始质疑电视媒介的教育应用问题,认为它将会随着新一代媒介的使用而消亡.本文试图从媒介的视角对网络时代教育电视的发展问题做一探讨.     

Early Formative Evaluation of Educational Television

This article examines the incorporation of formative evaluation in the early stages of ETV programme development, and argues that Self‐Formative Evaluation, an evaluation system conducted by the developers of an ETV programme and in‐house evaluators, should be conducted. A list of criteria that can be used in this evaluation process is given     

Educational aspirations in inner city schools

This research aimed to assess the nature and level of pupils’ educational aspirations and to elucidate the factors that influence these aspirations. A sample of five inner city comprehensive secondary schools were selected by their local authority because of poor pupil attendance, below‐average examination results and low rates of continuing in full‐time education after the age of 16. Schools were all ethnically mixed and coeducational. Over 800 pupils aged 12–14 completed a questionnaire assessing pupils’ experience of home, school and their peers. A sub‐sample of 48 pupils, selected by teachers to reflect ethnicity and ability levels in individual schools, also participated in detailed focus group interviews. There were no significant differences in aspirations by gender or year group, but differences between ethnic groups were marked. Black African, Asian Other and Pakistani groups had significantly higher educational aspirations than the White British group, who had the lowest aspirations. The results suggest the high aspirations of Black African, Asian Other and Pakistani pupils are mediated through strong academic self‐concept, positive peer support, a commitment to schooling and high educational aspirations in the home. They also suggest that low educational aspirations may have different mediating influences in different ethnic groups. The low aspirations of White British pupils seem to relate most strongly to poor academic self‐concept and low educational aspirations in the home, while for Black Caribbean pupils disaffection, negative peers and low commitment to schooling appear more relevant. Interviews with pupils corroborated the above findings and further illuminated the factors students described as important in their educational aspirations. The results are discussed in relation to theories of aspiration which stress its nature as a cultural capacity.     

Pre‐operational Children and Educational Television

Statements made about educational television and learning are usually general, but they should refer to specific developmental stages of thought and mental development. Evaluation of the medium's efficacy in pre‐operational children's learning has received scant attention. Some suggestions are made whereby production and teachers’ use of programmes can align to Piaget's theory, but this is insufficient. Scope remains for ample research, but the immediate needs are for producers to embark on more ambitious and enterprising programmes and for teachers to examine whether they are providing adequately for pre‐operational children's learning from existing practices with educational television.     

教育电视片中的数字化制作之美

电视节目制作的数字化,其便捷的操作和多样化的特技效果,使电视画面更富有艺术感染力.从画面元素、数字特效、数字动画等3个方面,结合具体实例,探讨教育电视片中的数字化制作之美.