新医改下医院薪酬改革的实践和思考

推进医院管理体制和运行机制改革是公立医院改革的难点,而医院薪酬改革是运行机制改革的重要内容。文章阐述了公立医院薪酬改革实践的模式,对薪酬改革中的难点进行了思考,并提出了新医改下基层公立医院薪酬改革的思路。     

The role of research ethics committees: Friend or foe in educational research? An exploratory study

Ethics committees have an important role to play in ensuring ethical standards (e.g. BERA, ESRC, RCUK recommendations) are met by educational researchers. Balancing obligations to participants, society, institutions and the researchers themselves is not, however, easy. Researchers often experience the ethics committee as unsympathetic to their research endeavour, whilst ethics committees find some research approaches do not make ethical implications sufficiently explicit. This potential for misunderstanding is evident in the literature, but studies investigating how participants perceive this relationship are missing. This research comprises a novel empirical study which explores researcher perceptions of research ethics committees. Fifty-five participants in higher education departments of education responded to an online survey. Open and closed-ended questions were used to collect data on roles, methodological stance, experiences of the research ethics committee, perceived tensions and examples of good practice. The results indicated that contemporary educational researchers regard research ethics committees as friends when researcher and reviewer are transparently engaged in a shared endeavour. When this shared endeavour breaks down, for a variety of reasons—including apparently unreasonable demands or mutual misunderstanding—the research ethics committees can become foes. The difference between foe and friend lies in the quality of communication, clear systems and a culture of respectful mutual learning. The contributions of this study have practical implications for the ways that education researchers and research ethics committees relate to one another within university settings, both to alleviate areas of tension and to arrive at a shared understanding which will enable best ethical research practice.     

高校学术道德委员会对教师的教育功能初探

近几年来,有部分高校成立了学术道德委员会,专司校内学术道德问题的调查与处理。本文就学术道德委员会对教师的教育功能进行了探讨,认为学术道德委员会可以在宣传与普及学术规范、引领正派的学术风气、对教师进行警示教育、帮扶教师重视学术研究质量、对违规教师进行批评教育等方面发挥其教育功能。     

Ethics Review of Research Projects Involving Human Subjects

Maltreatment of subjects has led to the introduction of an ethics review process for research involving humans. There is a feeling that the bureaucratization of the process is too restrictive and that it may be hampering research. The function, duties, and effectiveness of ethics committees are examined, and it is contended that there are problems with the way that committees operate. The remit of committees needs to be clarified, and the paper presents guidelines for making decisions on ethical matters, with deontological considerations taking precedence over consequentialist ones. It is concluded that the functions and processes of ethics committees need to be modified.     

医学实验教学中动物伦理观教育的思考

实验动物是医学实验教学中最重要的实验对象。笔者从基础医学机能实验教学视角阐述了加强医学生动物伦理观教育的必要性,并从学校成立实验动物伦理委员会、开设实验动物伦理学课程、提高教学人员动物伦理意识、规范实验操作、将“3R”原则应用到机能实验学的课程中等五方面提出建议,旨在为医学实验教学过程中提升学生的动物伦理观提供参考。     

技职高等院校人文素质教育有关职业伦理课程之品德教案设计

台湾技职校院有关职业伦理课程教科书的内容主要仍偏向理论的说明及案例讨论,对如何从学生学习本位的角度去提升学生学习动机与学习成效等实际的教学细节的教案设计,则相对少人去研究开发。笔者尝试设计较符合技职学生学习特性的职业伦理之品德教育教案。笔者先说明有关职业伦理之品德教育操作性定义及学生本位学习、体验教育理论;进而以学生未来职场就业所需的重要品德作单元,并依技职校院学生的需求及学习特性结合＂体验教学法＂作为教案设计的主轴。最后透过实际教学心得、学生回馈等做为修正参考,以期增加本教案实施的可行性。     

Village education committees in West Bengal,India: Planned vision and beyond

This paper deals with decentralization of educational administration in West Bengal, India. It gives specific emphasis on studying education committees formed with the community members at village level for looking after the management of primary schools in the concerned localities. For the purpose of this study primary data have been collected from four village education committees. The data provides information on the formation, structure and functioning of village education committees. The findings contradict the ideology on the basis of which these committees are formed. The paper ends with an attempt to explore certain future paths of action.     

新时期党委中心组学习有效途径与方法——对广西部分基层党委中心组学习情况的调研与思考

通过对广西部分基层党委中心组学习方法的现状调查,了解到基层党委中心组学习方法总体体现了求新、求实、求深、求活的特点,但也发现一些中心组学习的途径和方法仍显单一等问题。在新的历史时期,基层党委中心组学习要做到,把个体学习与集中学习相结合、理论学习与调查研究相结合、中心发言与广泛讨论相结合、“走出去”与“请进来”以及传统学习方法与现代传媒手段相结合,才能提高理论学习的有效性。     

从耶鲁看美国私立大学董事会

董事会制度是美国私立大学的一个重要的管理制度.本文首先对私立大学的董事会作了一个简要的介绍,接着以耶鲁大学为例,具体介绍了耶鲁大学董事会的成员构成、下设委员会的具体负责事务、成员任期等方面,然后阐述了耶鲁董事会的理念与运作过程,最后总结了董事会的三个特点:社会知名人士为主、分工协调、完备的法规.     

The role of state school psychology organizations in the promotion of professional ethics

A survey was conducted to examine the role of state school psychology organizations in advocating for, and monitoring the ethical practice of, their members. Particular attention was directed to the existence and nature of codes of ethics and of due process procedures. The results revealed that 76% (28 of 37) of the responding organizations had adopted a code of ethics, while only 43% (16 of 37) had instituted due process procedures. The responsibility of professional school psychology organizations in serving as a resource to their members in the area of ethics is stressed. An educative approach to the promotion of ethical practice by professional organizations also is presented.     

Advice to doctoral guidance committees from alumni at two universities

This investigation provided a comparative analysis of results of follow-up studies of graduates of doctoral programs at Ohio State and Michigan State universities. The same questionnaire survey and similar sampling procedures were used in both settings. The survey considered alumni perceptions of guidance committee activities, course work, comprehensive examinations, and dissertations. Most findings were consistent across both institutions (e.g., about one-fifth of the graduates from both universities wish they had taken more course work in research methodology). However, some striking contrasts were also found (e.g., the proportion of graduates who published articles based on their dissertations was 40% at one university and 23% at the other). The report offers recommendations for doctoral guidance committees suggested by the findings.     

Assessing the quality of PhD dissertations. A survey of external committee members

This article reports on a study of the quality assessment of doctoral dissertations, and asks whether examiner characteristics influence assessment of research quality in PhD dissertations. Utilising a multi-dimensional concept of quality of PhD dissertations, we look at differences in assessment of research quality, and particularly test whether prior relationship to supervisor, examiners’ assessment experience and the regional affiliation of examiners influence assessment, also controlling for academic fields and type of higher education institutions. The data are drawn from a survey to foreign members of thesis evaluation committees that served in the year 2010 at the Norwegian universities. The sample consisted of 1159 foreign committee members, representing a response rate of 79%. The results indicate that the regional affiliation and previous experience of committee members influence quality assessment significantly, but that the relationship to supervisor(s) was of little importance.     

关于生态伦理学的几个焦点问题

当前生态伦理学讨论的几个焦点问题是:生态伦理学道德对象的范围是生态还是生命?享受道德关怀的是共同体中的所有成员还是部分成员?生态伦理学的伦理原则是整体主义的还是个体主义的?生态精神的本质是利他还是利己?笔者针对这些问题发表自己的看法。     

论村民自治中罢免制度的发展与完善

村民自治中罢免制度是一个重要环节,通过分析罢免制度运作的现状,可以探讨罢免制度的症结所在.通过对各省级村委会选举地方性法规的比较研究、村委会罢选案例的实证分析、学术界罢免程序研究成果的学理探讨和部分地方罢免程序创新的制度借鉴,进而归纳出罢免程序三个阶段十二个争议较大的问题,提出了完善罢免制度的立法建议.藉此,希望在<村民委员会组织法>修订过程中能够完善罢免制度,保护村民的罢免权,加强对村委会的监督,确保村民自治和社会主义新农村建设的顺利进行.     

掌握高职学生特点,切实做好学生德育工作

通过对我院三年制高职学生的问卷调查，我们对高职学生思想状况进行了认真分析，认为当前高职学生的思想道德状况，主流是好的，但存在着很多的缺陷和不足。从中可以看到我们德育工作的重要性与艰巨性。德育工作是学校整体教育的重要组成部分。德育工作要齐抓共管，充分发挥教师“教书育人”的作用，要健全制度，保证德育工作落到实处。     

Continuing Professional Development: Outlook for Counselor Educators and Supervisors

This discussion of continuing professional development for counselor educators and supervisors is based on a study of six professional organizations and their programs of continuing professional development. The study was conducted by ACES's Commission on Professional Development. The commission concluded that most organizations have established offices and committees of members at the national level that administer programs; provide activities directly or sponsor activities conducted by other groups, such as private institutes, universities, and professional organizations; and in some cases offer awards for meeting specific criteria. Recommendations for ACES are to continue conducting specific workshops on selected topics and offer Continuing Education Units for participants, determine the impact of these activities on participants, develop criteria for the ACES Recognition Award in consultation with other organizations that have a similar award, consider sponsoring activities conducted by other groups, and survey the difficulties that a continuing-professional-development program may cause for persons with multiple membership in professional organizations.     

浅析医院的人性化管理

医院管理的是员工,服务的是病人。论述医院推行人性化管理的必要性,并分析目前医院推行人性化管理中存在的一些问题,提出一些相应的建议。     

A preliminary survey of professionalism teaching practices in anatomy education among Indian Medical Colleges

Professionalism and ethics have gained widespread recognition as competencies to be fulfilled, taught, and assessed within medical education. The role of the anatomy course in developed nations has evolved over time and now encompasses multiple domains, including knowledge, skills, and the inculcation of professionalism and ethics. The Medical Council of India recently recommended the integration of professionalism teaching in undergraduate medical curricula. The authors investigated whether the initial orientation lectures and instructions given by faculty at the outset of undergraduate medical anatomy courses throughout India served a “hidden curriculum” regarding professionalism practices, and whether these orientation messages could serve as an early exposure to medical professionalism and ethics for medical students. An online survey was carried out among 102 anatomy faculty members across India requesting details about specific professionalism protocols and instructions regarding behavior in the dissection hall that are routinely given to preclinical students, as well as the importance that they placed on professional behavior. It was found that most faculty members regularly instruct students regarding expected behavior during the anatomy course, including dissection practices. These instructions stress attributes of professionalism like humanism, accountability, and honesty. However, there needs to be a more concentrated effort by educators to prohibit such unprofessional practices like dissection hall photography, and better information is required regarding biomedical waste disposal. Despite the absence of clear guidelines for professionalism teaching in medical education in India, the existing framework of anatomy education provides an opportunity to introduce the concept of professionalism to the first‐year medical student. This opportunity may provide an early foundation for designing a professionalism‐integrated curriculum. Anat Sci Educ 10: 433–443. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

GOAL CLARIFICATION THROUGH AIM UNDERSTANDING OF WORK VALUES

Abstract

A survey of 400 senior colleges and universities in the United States revealed that community college relations committees are not the primary organizational structures through which interinstitutional relations are maintained between 2-year and 4-year schools. Of the 304 responding institutions, only 48 reported having a community college relations committee. This number was surprisingly small considering that community college transfers account for an average of 24% of their total enrollments. Such committees were found more frequently in public than in private 4-year institutions. The lack of adequate funding inhibited the success of most of the committees surveyed. Only 27% reported that they were highly successful in achieving their stated purposes. In most instances in which a high degree of committee effectiveness was perceived, well-developed programs were in operation, and adequate funds for sustaining their activities were available. The articulation of transfer policies and the promotion of informational exchanges between senior and 2-year institutions were the most common committee purposes reported. Although most committees were not highly research oriented, several provided examples of innovative and constructive projects.     

Ethics and truth in archival research

The complexities of the ethics and truth in archival research are often unrecognised or invisible in educational research. This paper complicates the process of collecting data in the archives, as it problematises notions of ethics and truth in the archives. The archival research took place in the former Czechoslovakia and its turbulent political history influenced the way data were accessed and collected. The article analyses the productive power of archival institutions and their guardians, and examines the ethical dilemma of discovering sensitive information. Archival institutions hold the secrets that, once uncovered, can have powerful ramifications. It will be argued that the nature of truth in the archives is complex, and the author complicates and challenges the perception that archives are ethically neutral research spaces that do not need to consider approval from research ethics committees.