Investigating the use of ‘professional dialogues’ when assessing academic practice: revealing learning,managing process,and enabling judgements

In 2015, over 40% of UK higher education (HE) institutions employed oral assessment when assessing and awarding fellowship on HE Academy-accredited schemes using the UK Professional Standards Framework. This article develops research on assessed ‘professional dialogues’ for this purpose. Data collected at four UK institutions, in which 12 assessed dialogues were recorded, transcribed, and analysed, revealed common patterns and processes. The article discusses how the ‘assessed dialogue’ evolves to expose learning and is managed, in order to support those using dialogue for assessment. It augments the body of knowledge on oral assessment in the UK and internationally.     

学术发展的当下视域

综观我国学术发展的当下视域:一是坚定国有化统一管理思想和信念,整合、优化学术管理,提高学术管理能力;二是对某些实际上并不利于学术发展的措施和办法限时纠正或紧急叫停;三是发扬学术民主精神,对有关学术发展的问题开展讨论与研究;四是应迅速避开一些不利于学术发展的误区,诸如学术与政治关系的纠缠、学术分类的凝固、缓慢和模糊、学术管理就是让研究学术的人来管理、学术要“裁军”、学术必言市场等。     

学校对话管理模式：涵义与构建

对话管理是我国学校管理模式变革的目标和方向,也是我国现阶段教育发展的客观要求。它标志着学校管理价值理念的根本转变。学校对话管理模式是在学校长期实践、学习、积累和创新的基础上形成的特有的思维方式和运作规则,是学校竞争优势的重要源泉,也是学校重要的无形资产。其构建策略主要致力于更新对话管理理念、优化对话组织结构、巧用对话管理策略、转变对话管理方式和强化学校自我完善机制。     

学校管理中伪对话现象探析

学校对话管理是一种超越传统管理的新型学校管理方式,然而,在学校管理实践中存在许多\"伪对话\"。究其原因主要是由于对话管理的实施存在一些障碍性因素,这些障碍性因素具体表现为:话语霸权的存在,思维假定的影响,主体地位处理不当,对话情景脉络把握失调以及团体中的断裂带。为更好地实施对话管理需要强化学校自我完善机制,突破对话管理瓶颈。     

中国高校学术职业的结构性变迁及其影响

中国教师学术职业的结构性变迁主要体现在两个方面:一方面指教师间学术职业结构的分化,由过去教师-行政人员间的二元结构,演变为现在的教师-课题经理-亦管亦教亦研的“学者官员“-纯管理者之间的多元关系和分层;另一方面指教师本人职业的分化,主要表现在教师学术角色的多元化.此外,本文还从大学学术行政化的管理体制、课题管理商业化操作、教师量化考核等几个方面探讨了引起这一结构变化的原因和后果.     

Promoting and/or evading change: the role of student-staff partnerships in staff teaching development

ABSTRACT

While a large body of research considers factors enabling or constraining academic development in colleges and universities, comparatively little scholarship has considered the roles students might play in supporting positive change in staff teaching practices. This article explores one potential avenue by which such change might play out, considering the extent to which participation in a student-staff partnership programme supported by a central teaching and learning institute might encourage shifts in staff teaching. Drawing on data gathered via focus groups and online reflective prompts, we find that participating in pedagogical partnership can support a range of developments in staff teaching practices, though these changes might not always be pronounced or uniformly positive. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

学校管理中伪对话现象探析

学校对话管理是一种超越传统管理的新型学校管理方式,然而,在学校管理实践中存在许多＂伪对话＂。究其原因主要是由于对话管理的实施存在一些障碍性因素,这些障碍性因素具体表现为：话语霸权的存在,思维假定的影响,主体地位处理不当,对话情景脉络把握失调以及团体中的断裂带。为更好地实施对话管理需要强化学校自我完善机制,突破对话管理瓶颈。     

Academics’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of self and peer assessment in higher education

Despite compelling evidence of its potential effectiveness, uptake of self and peer assessment in higher education has been slower than expected. As with other assessment practices, self and peer assessment is ultimately enabled, or inhibited, by the actions of individual academics. This paper explores what academics see as the benefits and challenges of implementing self and peer assessment, through the analysis of interviews with 13 Australian academics. Thematic analysis of our qualitative data identified seven themes of benefits and five challenges. Our academics showed strong belief in the power of self and peer assessment as formative assessment, contrary to past literature which has focussed on the accuracy of students’ marking. This paper therefore brings insights as to not only what academics value about self and peer assessment but also identifies potential inhibitors in practice. Recommendations are made about improving the design and implementation of self and peer assessment in higher education.     

论大学生对话管理方法（上）

大学生对话管理是超越科学管理与人本管理的一种管理新范式,是在内蕴主体性管理基础上的一种主体间性管理。大学生对话管理在管理方法上从传统的行政式的命令和训导为主的管理方式转变为对话式的商谈和引导为主的管理方式,是一种管理方法的根本转向,它强调通过对话的方法导向学生自觉自愿的行动。大学生对话管理方法包括“搁置己见”、倾听、尊重差异、共享性思维、信息公开、网络对话与学生参与等,从而形成一种新的大学生管理方法体系。     

现代教学的变革与样式

与传统教学相对应,现代教学在本质观、师生观、教学观、价值观和知识观等方面发生系列变革。彰显了从“知识授受”到“师生理解”的对话教学本质观、从“主—客”关系到主体间性关系的对话教学师生观、从“传话”到“对话”的对话教学观、从工具性价值到生命意义诉求的对话教学价值观、从静态知识到动态知识的对话教学知识观。     

为了高校内部多样性和学术自由而对话——美国福特基金会"艰难对话"倡议述评

多样性在为美国社会注入巨大活力和能量的同时,也对国家和大学提出了严峻的挑战。尽管美国许多高校都十分关注并努力消除多样性带来的问题,但是其成效并不理想。2005年,福特基金会发起了艰难对话的倡议,致力于在美国高校内部推动维护宗教、文化和政治方面多样性及学术自由的对话行动,并为此努力营造进行公开和自由的建设性对话的氛围。经过两年的推广,该倡议取得了良好的成效。该倡议以及各校的研究项目为面临相似问题的中国大学提供了良好的借鉴。     

走向对话：大学生管理的必然选择

对话是当今时代的本质特征和核心精神,大学生是时代精神的代表,但对大学生的管理却严重缺失这种时代精神,它导致了严重危害和后果,窒息了学生的个性和创造精神。只有走向对话,才能规避种种问题与弊端,形成一种内生机制,推动大学生管理的创新与发展,促进学生良好品格的形成。     

学术职业发展:历史变迁与现代转型

学术职业是社会劳动分工的产物,欧洲中世纪后期社会的变迁为学术职业的形成提供了基础,以思想和传授思想的学术职业成了当时的一种新的职业类型,并促进了欧洲中世纪大学的兴起。大学作为学术职业的工作平台和组织为其提供发展和保护。在近千年的历史变迁过程中,学术职业的发展和各国社会变迁相伴相随,呈现出各自不同的形态。现代学术职业秉承现代大学的使命,发生了重要的历史转型。这种现代转型继承了欧洲中世纪学术职业的精神内核,在外在表现上又呈现出不同的特征。     

普通生物学教学中新的学业评价模式探索

结合普通生物学课程教学实践,提出了以促进学生自我发展为核心的评价理念,并介绍了体现这一理念的几种评价方式     

建构中国大学的现代学术理念

中国高等教育改革是中国大学“革命性”变革。随着变革和传统大学量变的终止,现代大学新质要求学术理念构建完整的马克思主义哲学理论思维系统和调整、确认学术性质、功能,进而带动高等教育走进一个全新的发展过程。     

Managing a modern university: is it time for a rethink?

The corporate approaches introduced in the late 1980s and now prevalent in universities in Australia have led to irrevocable changes in the way universities are managed and academics work. The management approaches widely applied in Australian universities are largely based on a top‐down corporate management model, with central control over policy and budget driven by the need to meet stringent external accountability requirements. This form of management rewards compliance and predictability. The economic environment over this period has changed drastically, becoming more global and uncertain. The prevailing management processes are not suited to the modern economic environment. A modern university is expected to operate more as an enterprise, but to do so effectively it needs flexible and responsive forms of management that are more inclusive of academics in the decision making process. This paper explores the organisational management literature and links it to the context in which universities operate. It considers the implications for managers and academics, as key stakeholders in a modern university, in this changeable environment.     

Variation in the development of teachers’ understandings of assessment and their assessment practices in higher education

This paper reports a study into the development of staff understanding of assessment and assessment practice. Eight teachers from two universities constructed an initial concept map about assessment that was discussed in a one-to-one semi-structured interview. A year later, a new map was created and the interview focused on change in thinking and practice. Multiple models of assessment were evident in the participants’ understandings at the same time and change was characterised by subtle evolution in thinking. Development in practice was more significant and often associated with the foregrounding of assessment for learning. Vignettes are used to illustrate the variation in nature and scale of development. Interplay between this development of practice and understanding was multidirectional and external context played an important role. The approach offers detailed insight into the relationship between assessment thinking and practice and demonstrates that both research and academic development need to go beyond conventional approaches to conceptualising the development of academics and take account of the finer grained complexities of assessment thinking and practices.     

Can a systematic assessment moderation process assure the quality and integrity of assessment practice while supporting the professional development of casual academics?

There has been a threefold increase in the employment of casual academics in Australian universities within the last 20 years, to the extent that most teaching and marking is now undertaken by casual academics, also known as sessional staff. Yet, casualised teaching and assessment has been considered a risk to student engagement and success, and casual academics report a lack of professional development and increased feelings of marginalisation within the academy. Concurrently, the quality assurance of teaching and assessment in higher education has become a central focus of the government-funded regulatory organisation, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA). Situated within this context, we report on an assessment moderation process that could support casual academics’ contextualised professional development, generate a sense of connectedness and collegiality and fulfil the requirements of TEQSA. Such processes may ensure that workforce growth in the higher education system supports a robust quality assurance and regulatory framework.