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1.
Miriam E. David 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(1):25-42
This paper is about changing concepts of equity in UK higher education. In particular, it charts the moves from concepts about
gender equality as about women’s education as a key issue in twentieth century higher education to questions of men’s education
in the twenty-first century. These changing concepts of equity are linked to wider social and economic transformations, the
expansion of higher education and the growth in the knowledge economy, or what has been called ‘academic capitalism’. Feminist
theorists and activists, often called second wave feminists, developed concepts of gender equality in education, including
higher education in the twentieth century, and these have been incorporated into higher education and policies with the expansions
of higher education, especially around notions of widening participation. Notions of widening participation in policy and
practice arenas focus on equity as about social class, socio-economic disadvantage, ethnicity and race, rather than specifically
on gender questions. Equity is now twinned with diversity and where gender is now invoked it is largely about young and working
class men’s disadvantage in relation to higher education. In this paper, I will also provide research evidence from the UK’s
Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP) which has been the UK’s biggest ever initiative in education research about
equity and diversity as currently conceived in UK higher education. I will show how gender has been incorporated with diversity
questions and has lost its critical and feminist edge. I conclude with addressing questions about the future of higher education
policies and practices to address questions of equity and diversity, attempting to counter the systemic inequalities in current
forms of UK higher education. There are opportunities for developing new, critical and feminist pedagogies. More inclusive
or ‘connectionist’ approaches, rather than ‘teaching to the test’, would engage socially diverse men and women students in
a range of higher education subjects and settings. 相似文献
2.
The whole Marxist theory centers on the emancipation and freedom of human beings, the naming of his highest ideal as ‘association
of free individuals’ being the clear proof. However, it would be superficial to announce Marxism as humanism of individualism
according to Marx’s pursuit of ‘free development of each’. The ‘free development of each’ put forward by Marx when describing
the ‘association of free individuals’ refers to individuals’ re-subjecting their social relations that have been changed into
material powers owing to private ownership and alienation. In this sense, the free development of each is the condition for
the free development of all. In this very sense, too, the foundation of the real community is required as the presupposition
so as to relate his theory of freedom to the theory on the elimination of private ownership and the alienation and elimination
of class and state finally.
Project supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(No. 00BZZ001) and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of
Ministry of Education, China. 相似文献
3.
Changing school loyalties and the middle class: A reflection on the developing fate of state comprehensive high schooling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Craig Campbell 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2005,32(1):3-24
Of all Australian secondary schools in the current period, the government comprehensive high school is in most difficulty.
This article looks at the developing fate of this school in terms of middle class social practice in relation to changing
schooling loyalties. The recent work of Michael Pusey, Stephen Ball, Janet McCalman, Richard Teese and Judith Brett on the
middle class is reviewed to give the discussion an historical and contemporary sociological context. The main idea addressed
is that the middle class is being ‘forced’ to leave public schools. Government policy on state aid since the (1960s is interpreted
as encouraging the departure of the middle class from public schooling, though not evenly in all regions or different kinds
of government school. The article analyses census data for New South Wales from (1976 to 2001, using the categories of family
income, fathers’ occupation and labour force status as quantifiable indicators of changing school loyalties in the middle
class. The article concludes that state comprehensive high schools face a difficult future. Increasingly these schools are
seen as schools of ‘last resort’, or schools to which students are sent where active choices are not possible, or are not
made by apparently neglectful parents. This occurs in a period in which ‘good citizenship’ is defined less in terms of responsibility
to the welfare of broad collectivities in society, but in the informed strategic pursuit of private interest. 相似文献
4.
Andrew Marks 《Higher Education》2005,50(4):613-630
This paper argues that the conceptions of ‘space’ (and increasingly ‘time’) in the discussion of ‘the university’ (in its
most transcendent sense) have gone through four distinct phases in the UK. Using a Heideggerian conception of ‘space’ where
usefulness is more important than proximity, the ‘ancient’ universities were ‘useful’ to the gentry and thus were ‘closer’
to them than to the excluded ‘local’ poor in the institutions’ vicinities. The ‘civic’ universities on the other hand stressed
‘localism’ as part of their mandate – to educate the people of their locality (but only those of the new industrial middle
class). The ‘Robbins’ universities were a partial return to the ‘ancient’ notion of learning as a ‘lived’ activity, providing
scenic landscapes on green-belt campuses where students could ‘retreat’ from the ‘real world’ for the duration of their studies.
The ‘spatial’ quality of these places was thus part of a conception of higher education as ‘lifestyle choice’ where young
people moved away from their locality to study. As such ‘proximity’ was an issue only insofar as the greater the distance
from one’s point of origin the better for successful immersion in the growing student ‘culture’. The ‘new/post-1992’ universities
partially retained their polytechnic mandate to educate local people, but embraced a colonialist impulse regarding local space
usage. ‘
‘The discussion can be further refined to argue that these four stages are merely two phases which have repeated themselves:
from ancient ‘exclusivity’ to civic ‘localism’ and back to Robbins era ‘exclusivity’ and thence to post-1992 ‘localism’ once
more’. The opening up of higher education via the Internet in the late 20th and early 21st centuries provides for the possibility
of the growth of entirely non-spatial and asynchronous learning experiences, and as such we may well be on the verge of the
fifth stage of university development. 相似文献
5.
Labour perspectives on the new politics of skill and competency formation: International reflections
Peter Sawchuk 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2008,9(1):50-62
Skill/competency approaches to workplace-based policy seek to assess and train for discrete individual competencies with the
goal of increasing employability and productivity. These approaches have become increasingly prominent across a range of advanced
capitalist countries. A substantial critique has emerged over this same period regarding issues of instrumentality and social
control, as well as the failure of skill/compentancy approaches to articulate a meaningful understanding of human learning
capacities. In this article, these critical perspectives are clarified further by a review of contributions to understanding
the skill/competence question emerging from sociology of work literature. Building from these critiques, this article outlines
recent experiences with and perspectives on skill/competency frameworks amongst different national labour movements. Included
in this outline is a more detailed, comparative analysis of Norway and Canada; here we see the lofty ‘new’, ‘knowledge economy’
rhetoric — in two countries where one might expect to see it blossom in application — brought down to earth by the realities
of industrial relations, employer intransigence and intra-labour movement differences. ‘Skill/competence’ proves to be a floating
signifier that, amongst both employers and labour, stands as a proxy for ‘power/control’ struggles. Degenerating in this way,
from a labour perspective, the new politics of skill/competency formation is seen to have spiraled toward irrelevance in Norway
and Canada; awaiting, in both countries, a re-invigoration through attention to changes in the participatory structure of
the labour process itself. 相似文献
6.
Solvejg Jobst 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2005,6(4):385-402
EUROPEAN CONSCIOUSNESS: TOWARDS DEFINING A COMPLEX CONCEPT AND ITS EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE – The present study aims at a
definition of ‘European consciousness’. In particular, it draws on Henri Tajfel’s theory of social identity as well as Roland
Wakenhut’s and Jutta Gallenmüller’s moral determination of national consciousness. European consciousness is then defined
as a sense of belonging which, depending on certain identification structures and social perspectives, can take such distinct
forms of moral consciousness as ‘Eurocentrism’, ‘European patriotism’, or ‘reflective European consciousness’. Making reference
to Wolfgang Klafki’s notion of general education, it is finally argued that the emancipatory contribution of schooling to
greater European integration consists in mediating precisely this last way of thinking. 相似文献
7.
8.
Aziz Choudry 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(2):423-434
In response to Richardson Bruna’s “Mexican immigrant transnational social capital and class transformation: examining the
role of peer mediation in insurgent science”, this paper draws on the author’s research on organizing, mobilization and knowledge
production among adult im/migrant workers in Canada. While appreciative of the content and concerns of Richardson Bruna’s
argument, the paper argues for a clearer position on tensions between agency and structure, and class and capitalist social
relations in which to contextualize the schooling of immigrant children in today’s US classrooms. In addition, it explores
some implications of Mignolo’s (2000) work on the geohistory of knowledge, notably his concept of ‘border thinking’ for teachers, teacher education, and curricula.
Finally, the article suggests the potential of methodological frameworks and approaches of institutional ethnography (Smith
1987), political activist ethnography (Frampton et al. 2006) and global ethnography (Burawoy 2000) to inform research into this field. 相似文献
9.
10.
In this article, we study the conditions and constraints of the integration of the dynamic geometry software ‘Cabri’ in the
teaching of geometry in ordinary primary school classes (10 years old pupils). We focus our attention on the way the dialectic
between old and new is working during this integration, looking at the types of tasks and techniques proposed in class by
the teachers. The ‘good equilibrium’ between old and new ways of doing appears as one of the main conditions of integration
as it allows to reconcile innovating and usual activities in the everyday life of the class.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Kim Beswick 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(2):367-390
The professional literature in mathematics education is replete with calls to use tasks that are ‘authentic’, ‘relevant’ and
related to ‘real life’ and the ‘real world’. Such activities are frequently advocated for their potential to motivate and
engage students, but evidence of their ability to do so is rarely presented. This paper examines evidence in relation to the
effectiveness of context problems in achieving their intended purposes and thereby contributing to enhanced student participation,
engagement and achievement in mathematics education. It is argued that context problems are not a panacea and that categorising
problems as contextualised or de-contextualised is less helpful than the consideration of more salient aspects of tasks that
impact on their effectiveness. Such aspects also relate to the purposes for and affordances and limitations of particular
tasks in relation to the purposes they are intended to serve, along with attention to the contexts in which students learn
mathematics. Examples of theoretical and empirical programs built on these considerations are reviewed in terms of their potential
to enhance participation, engagement and achievement in school mathematics. 相似文献
12.
Reiko Yamada 《Prospects》1995,25(4):791-802
Conclusion The 1947 education reform and mass education after the period of high economic growth have greatly influenced women's higher
education attainments. These changes are beginning to transform women's views towards education and more women with higher
education attainment are entering the labour marker.
However, as previously indicated, many obstacles to equal opportunity and results in the labour market still remain for women.
Higher education for women has never had the same social impact as that for men. So far as the academic career of women is
regarded as having ‘symbolic value’—it has a close relationship to marriage in Japanese society. Women's higher education
is a social way of maintaining a sub-culture and traditional gender norms.
Ph.D. in education (dissertation: ‘The gender roles of Japanese women’) from the University of California in 1993. At present
affiliated to the PHP Research Institute (Japan) as a senior research associate. Areas of interest include comparative higher
education, educational policy, and gender and education. Her most recently published works in English are ‘Higher education
in partnership with industry: the necessity to employ off-the-job-training system’ in theInternational journal of lifelong education (vol. 12, no. 2, 1994) and ‘The gender roles of Japanese women: an assessment of gender roles of Japanese housewives in the
United States’ inPHP research report (vol. 9, 1995). 相似文献
13.
This article presents recent reform processes in Japanese higher education, concerning the tensions emerging within the system
regarding ‘excellence’ and ‘diversity’. The article particularly focuses on how Japanese universities have reacted to the
recent ‘competition’ and ‘differentiation’ policy promoted by the government, drawing on recent survey results conducted with
academic managers at Japanese universities. It is interesting to examine the case of Japan, a historically diversified and
differentiated national system, which has been changing rapidly with recent national ‘top-down’ policy reforms, followed by
more recent and new bottom-up institutional initiatives. The study shows that universities are trying to achieve excellence, fulfilling different functions at the same time, aspiring to be excellent in teaching, research and social contribution
without having institutional capacity to meet these expectations. Appropriate internal governance and external mediation mechanisms
need to be created at the institutional level to manage diversification of the higher education system as a whole. 相似文献
14.
Elizabeth Warren 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2006,62(2):169-189
This paper examines the change in young children’s understanding of ‘equal’, ‘more’, ‘less’, and ‘between’, words commonly
used in equivalent and non-equivalent situations, over a 3-year period. Seventy-six children participated in the longitudinal
study. Each year they were asked to share their understanding of these four words. Past research has indicated that many children
have limited understanding of ‘equal’ as quantitative sameness. The results of this research suggested that many children
also have limited understanding of ‘more’ and ‘less’ and that these understandings did not significantly change over the 3-year
period. 相似文献
15.
Debasis Bandyopadhyay 《Resonance》2001,6(6):71-79
Crowns and crypts constitute a very interesting and important class of complexing ligands. Besides many metal complexes, these ligands made possible the formation of a variety of unusual species among which ‘alkalides’ and ‘electrides’ require special mention. The crowns and crypts are widely studied due to their increasing use in various improbable chemical and physical processes. Further interest in these ligands lies in their use as biochemical models. A brief discussion on the crowns and crypts is presented here. 相似文献
16.
Demetris P. Portides 《Science & Education》2007,16(7-8):699-724
The notions of ‘idealisation’ and ‘approximation’ are strongly linked to the question of ‘how our theories represent the phenomena
in their scope’. Although there is no consensus amongst Philosophers on the nature of the process of idealisation and how
it affects theoretical representation, at the level of science education much can be gained from the insights of existing
philosophical analyses. Traditionally, teaching methodologies treat the observed divergence between theoretical predictions
and experimental data by appealing to the more common-sensical notion of ‘approximation’. The use of the latter notion, however,
to explicate discrepancies between theory and experiment obscures the theory/experiment relation. It does so, I argue, because
from the viewpoint of scientific modelling ‘approximation’ either depends upon or piggybacks on ‘idealisation’. 相似文献
17.
R. A. Schibeci 《Research in Science Education》1989,19(1):241-248
This paper describes sources of science and technology education in a metropolitan area. The sources are classified into three
groups: government or semigovernment, private organisations and tertiary institutions. Issues relating to these sources include
the adquacy of the provision of information for interested adults, the ‘user pays’ principle in relation to some of these
sources and the notion of ‘public understanding of science’. 相似文献
18.
Barbara Jaworski 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2007,9(2):187-211
In this paper I address the challenge of developing theory in relation to the practices of mathematics teaching and its development.
I do this by exploring a notion of ‘teaching as learning in practice’ through overt use of ‘inquiry’ in mathematics learning,
mathematics teaching and the development of practices of teaching in communities involving teachers and educators. The roles
and goals of mathematics teachers and educators in such communities are both distinct and deeply intertwined. I see an aim
of inquiry in teaching to be the ‘critical alignment’ (Wenger, 1998) of teaching within the communities in which teaching
takes place. Inquiry ‘as a tool’ and inquiry ‘as a way of being’ are important concepts in reflexive developmental processes
in which inquiry practice leads to better understandings and development of theory. 相似文献
19.
Knowing a world in common: The role of workplace educators in the global production of working knowledge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lesley Farrell 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2003,30(1):3-18
In this paper I am concerned with the challenge workplace learners and educators face, as they engage with global economies,
to create ‘a world in common as … known in common’ (Smith 1999). I focus first on why global companies need their geographically
dispersed workers to engage with a world ‘in common’, and how they go about constructing such a world. I pay particular attention
to the role of written texts in connecting individual local sites with global discourses of knowledge production. Next, I
explore the roles that workplace educators play in producing and interpreting the written texts of contemporary workplaces
to produce ‘working knowledge’. I develop the argument that a critical dimension of the work of many workplace educators is
the standardisation of language practice across institutions on a global scale, mediating local and global discourses to produce
and use working knowledge. Finally, I discuss the political implications of the textual work that workplace educators undertake. 相似文献
20.
As teacher-educators, we designed and implemented a small study that mapped teacher-education students' understandings of
their own identities and how they made sense of ethnicity and class differences among their secondary students while on teaching
rounds. While we didn't set out to ‘teach’ our research participants, it was during the analysis of data from the research
project, that we began to realise the potential of research to create opportunities for learning. In this paper we speculate
on the ‘conditions’ of knowledge production and suggest that the dialogic nature of interviews and focus group discussions
can offer pedagogical spaces for learning. Research designs that incorporate opportunities for participants to re-tell narratives
over periods of time, may position participants as experts in knowledge production and may reposition them and researchers
in more equitable power relations. We present an example of one participant's narrative together with our interpretations
to explore how research potentially offers ‘evidence’ of learning. While this is tentative only, we suggest there is a need
to create spaces for pedagogy in the design and execution of educational research. 相似文献