从李何文学论争看何景明的文艺思想

何景明和李梦阳曾对文学复古问题发生过争论。大致说来,李梦阳与何景明的争论焦点有两个:一是如何对待"法",一是诗歌的体貌风格。何景明不像李梦阳那样主张"尺寸古法",而提出要"领会神情"、"不仿形迹",最终"舍筏登岸"自成一家,强调学古为手段,目的在于独创。在风格体貌的追求上,李梦阳追仿古人的"格调",一味追求雄奇豪放而有流于粗旷之嫌;何景明主才情,他的创作风貌趋向于俊逸秀丽一路。李梦阳与何景明的文学论争虽然有意气之争的成分,但却真实反映了二人的文学主张。对二人的文学论争进行探索,对于深入认识"前七子"文学主张的复杂性和何景明的文艺思想有重要意义。     

论五四文学论争中胡适角色的转变

胡适在五四时期参与的文学论争主要有两类：新文学建设论争和文化政治论争。新文学建设论争中,胡适以学者的态度、试验的精神倡导“历史的进化的文学观”,创作、理论虽不乏幼稚和欠缺,但推进了整个新文学运动发展,胡适本人也因此暴得大名;在以“问题与主义”之争和“整理国故”论争为代表的文化政治论争中,继续秉持学者作风的胡适却成为新文化的“叛逆”。此间胡适论争角色变化的原因不是因为他思想、学术的倒退,而是时政潮流选择的变化,文学和文学论争的标准常常是在文学之外的。     

回顾刘再复与姚雪垠的论争

姚刘之争反映的是两代作家、学者对文艺理论问题基本看法的不同,是中国当代文论系统转换中出现的观念冲突。从历史的发展来看,姚雪垠的历史小说和刘再复的文学主体性理论都是我们当代文学的重要文学资源。姚刘之争的论争方式是值得反思的,这表现在以政治批判代替文学论争,在论争中使用武断的谩骂式语言。对此,我们需要重申批评家和作家的雅量,需要维护文学批评的正常原则。     

20世纪中国社会主义与自由主义论争的历史审视

新文化运动中的问题与主义之争揭开了20世纪社会主义与自由主义论争的序幕。中国共产党成立之后,社会主义与自由主义的论争从单纯的文化选择问题演变为政治选择与文化选择双重问题之争。新中国成立后,自由主义被当作腐朽没落的东西,受到了马克思主义意识形态的全面清算。改革开放以来,几乎每一次重大的经济变革和政治体制改革都会引发社会主义与自由主义的争论。从宏观上全面梳理这场主导20世纪中国思想史论争的发展态势,思考争论的历史启示,对于当代中国文化的建构和马克思主义创新具有重要理论价值。     

“两个口号”论争琐谈

粉碎“四人帮”以来,我国学术界和文艺界对一九三六年“两个口号”的论争展开了热烈的讨论,推倒了“四人帮”强加给“国防文学”的种种莫须有的罪名,初步澄清了他们在这个问题上制造的混乱。与此同时,大家在肯定“两个口号”之争是革命文艺队伍内部争论的前提下,对当时论争中的具体是非进行了深入探讨。大家摆事实,讲道理,各抒己见,互相辩难,使意见日趋统一。这场讨论,反映了我国社会主义民主空气的增浓,学术思想的活跃,使人深受鼓舞。个人在涉猎有关材料时,有些零碎的想法,不揣浅薄,也写出来就教于同志们。     

胡适诗学的接受历史考察——以新旧之争为中心

"新旧之争"是作为新诗诗学起点的胡适白话诗学最初引发的反响。以"白话作诗"取代"文言作诗",首先遇到的是"白话"的合法性以及"文言"的生命力的争论,旧诗渊源深厚的审美成规、惯例又必然导致新旧文体学范式的冲突。这些在胡适诗学接受历史上主要表现为早期的"文白之争"、20年代京沪以胡怀琛为中心、东北以《盛京时报》为中心关于新诗押韵的论争,以及在论争之外的一些积极的回应和反对的声浪。随着时间的推移,其反对的声浪不再是基于旧诗的立场,而是新诗诗美诉求中对传统的重新审视。     

艾南英、张自烈时文之争与晚明时文选政

艾南英因时文房选与江左文人发生争论,成为晚明文坛的一段公案.因张溥等的离间策略,艾氏与张自烈就编选时文展开争辩,并认为张自烈的《国朝今文辩》大量抄袭自己编选的《今文定》、《今文待》.有证据表明,张自烈编选时文之举受到了江左文人的唆使,论争实际是艾南英与江左文人矛盾的延续.艾南英强调以江右古文传统改造时文,而张自烈编选时文“重经”,与江左重秦汉的文学主张接近.二人论争是地域文学传统之争在时文领域的反映.     

喧哗与骚动:明代诗学论争概论

明人文学论争意识非常突出.前期诗学论争主要表现为论争对手不在场的个体式的议论与批评,中晚期至明末主要表现为持不同文学宗尚的宗派间针锋相对的激烈之争.个体式的议论与批评目的是表达论者的观点并企望他人接受,产生为人师的满足感;而宗派间的论争还在于争得文权,以推行本派的诗学主张,在文坛产生重大影响.明代诗学论争日益兴盛及越来越激烈的论争方式,与当时的政治、经济及文人自觉的文化归属意识等有密切的联系.明代诗学论争虽然有着门户之见的弊端,但却调动起绝大部分文人进入文学活动领域,推动明代诗学向前发展.     

纷争、建构与悬置--关于华文文学命名科学性的思考

世界华文文学学科命名的科学性一直以来存在着争论.首先表现为对研究地域的论争,继而表现为以人种/语种为划分依据的争论.而伴随着纷争,华文文学学科对象的不完整在实际操作中得到了不断地建构、弥补,也即命名的科学性与否在现实层面已经解决了.故而笔者认为,对“世界华文文学”这一命名的科学性、规范性、完整性的论争是不必要的,宜悬置起来,存而不论.     

从对峙到合流——对新马华文文坛“现实与现代之争”的历史考察

20世纪60年代初至70年代末,新马华文文学关于现实主义与现代主义的论争从未断歇过。在论争中,现代主义渐渐为读者所接受,由此发展成为与世界文学潮流相接轨的＂东方现代主义＂。文章通过梳理这场论争的来龙去脉,旨在厘清这场＂现实与现代之争＂对新马华文文学研究之意义。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.