丙型肝炎病毒疫苗的最新研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒是现在肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要原因,目前感染率高、慢性化率高、隐匿性好、临床治疗效果不理想、治疗费用高,迫切的需要一种有效的HCV疫苗进行防治。本文介绍了HCV疫苗研发的需求、难点和当前最新的HCV疫苗研究策略和进展。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染与肝细胞癌的关系

<正> 丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染和肝硬化、肝细胞癌之间的关系已有一些报导。本文分析了大连地区36例肝硬化病人和27例肝细胞癌病人血清中丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗 HCV)和 HBV 标志物阳性率,探讨二者关系,现报告如下:     

HCV阴性者外周血单核细胞的染色体外环状DNA中与HCV同源的DNA序列（英文）

目的:研究与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因RNA序列同源的人染色体外环状DNA(eccDNA)序列.创新点:首次从HCV阴性者eccDNA中检测到HCV 5’-非编码区(5’-NCR)基因组RNA序列,验证了我们的假设: HCV同源DNA序列存在于人的外周血单核细胞的eccDNA组分中.方法:用分离的eccDNA进行HCV特异的聚合酶链反应(PCR),采用核苷酸序列同源性搜索分析软件(BLASTn)对测序结果进行比对分析,并检测其甲基化模式.结论:实验结果证实了我们的假设:即部分HCV 5’-NCR基因组RNA序列存在于外周血单核细胞的eccDNA组分.同时,甲基化分析结果显示了个体间的甲基化模式所代表的受遗传调控的表观遗传特征.     

输血后丙型肝炎30例临床分析

[目的]探讨输血后丙型肝炎的临床特点.[方法]丙型肝炎病毒的检测应用ELISA法.[结果]30例患者均抗HCV阳性.丙氨酸转氨酶升高者23例(76.7%),血清总胆红素升高者11例(36.7%).[结论]观察表明,潜伏期的长短与病人病情的轻重未发现有明显的相关性.输血后丙型肝炎患者的临床表现与乙型肝炎基本相似,但相对病情较轻,起病相对隐匿.     

2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖“丙型肝炎病毒”相关试题分析

2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予来自美国和英国的科学家Harvey J. Alter,Michael Houghton和Charles M. Rice,以表彰他们在"发现丙型肝炎病毒"方面所作的杰出贡献.现收集"丙型肝炎病毒"相关生物试题,并作简要分析,以便读者进一步了解丙型肝炎病毒的致病机理及预防、治愈措施.一、丙...     

慢性肝炎病毒感染致病机制相关新基因克隆化研究策略

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的慢性感染,与慢性病毒性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌(HCC)的发病密切相关,其发病机理涉及到很多基因的共同参与.病毒基因的复制和表达受到肝细胞中蛋白质因子的调节,肝炎病毒基因编码的蛋白与肝细胞中的蛋白能够结合,肝炎病毒蛋白在肝细胞中的表达对于肝细胞的基因表达谱产生影响,也可能是病毒性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌发病机制的重要机制.酵母单杂交技术、酵母双杂交技术、基因芯片技术、抑制性消减杂交技术、噬菌体展示技术、蛋白质分离纯化与基因克隆化的反向遗传学技术等,在肝炎病毒基因调控、肝炎病毒蛋白结合蛋白的研究、肝炎病毒蛋白反式激活靶基因的研究中都有重要的应用,是促进慢性病毒性肝炎发病机理研究,探索病毒性肝炎新型治疗技术和治疗方法的有效途径.     

消化内镜术前筛查传染性指标的感控意义

目的：探讨消化内镜术前3项（HBsAg、HCV、HIV）传染性指标筛查的感控意义。方法：对本院2012年6月至2013年6月4356例患者消化内镜术前行乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）及人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗-HIV）进行检测。结果：HBsAg阳性率3．72％,抗-HCV阳性率0．76％,抗-HIV阳性率0．09％。结论：消化内镜术前行3项传染性指标筛查,对保证内镜的清洗消毒质量,确保医疗安全,防范医患争议,降低医务人员职业暴露风险,控制和避免医院内感染,均显得十分必要和有意义。     

丙型肝炎DNA疫苗研究进展

丙型肝炎疫毒（HCV）是引起人类慢性肝炎的重要病原菌之一，感染半数以上发展为慢性，其中部分将发展为肝硬化甚至肝癌，目前尚无特效的防治办法，近几年来，DNA疫苗独有的免疫反应，成为国内外学研究的热点，他们构建了多种形式的HCV DNA的疫苗用于动物实验，诱导出特异性体液免疫及细胞免疫。该主要探讨了HCV DNA疫苗构建方面的研究进展及应用前景。     

唐山市不同人群320名血清中抗——HCV水平的调查

本文应用上海科华生物制品所提供的抗—HCV 酶免疫试剂盒,对唐山市320名不同人群血清中抗—HCV 进行了检测,其中献血员165名,肝病、溃疡病、血液病患者135名,我院医生、护士20名,检测结果如下:165名献血员中,抗—HCV 阳性者23人,阳性检出率为13.9%;135名患者抗—HCV 阳     

慢性丙型肝炎患者的血清维生素D与严重肝纤维化相关性研究:系统性的荟萃分析(英文)

研究目的:利用meta分析方法来探索慢性丙型肝炎患者低血清维生素D水平与严重肝纤维化相关性。创新要点:丙型病毒性肝炎病人的低血清维生素D水平与严重肝纤维化并不一定有相关性。研究方法:结合已发表的临床研究数据,采用荟萃分析方法,定量分析低血清维生素D水平与慢性丙型肝炎患者严重肝纤维化相关性(图2;表2)。重要结论:此荟萃分析对于认识丙型肝炎病人低血清维生素D水平与肝纤维化严重程度的相关性有重要意义,对未来相关临床研究具有指导意义。     

New developments in small molecular compounds for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects approximately 170 million people worldwide. However, no vaccine or immunoglobulin is currently available for the prevention of HCV infection. The standard of care (SOC) involving pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN α) plus ribavirin (RBV) for 48 weeks results in a sustained virologic response in less than 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, the most prevalent type of HCV in North America and Europe. Recently, reliable in vitro culture systems have been developed for accelerating antiviral therapy research, and many new specifically targeted antiviral therapies for hepatitis C (STAT-C) and treatment strategies are being evaluated in clinical trials. These new antiviral agents are expected to improve present treatment significantly and may potentially shorten treatment duration. The aim of this review is to summarize the current developments in new anti-HCV drugs.     

Review:Lipids changes in liver cancer

Liver is one of the most important organs in energy metabolism. Most plasma apolipoproteins and endogenous lipids and lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. It depends on the integrity of liver cellular function, which ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. When liver cancer occurs, these processes are impaired and the plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns may be changed. Liver cancer is the fifth common malignant tumor worldwide, and is closely related to the infections of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). HBV and HCV infections are quite common in China and other Southeast Asian countries. In addition, liver cancer is often followed by a procession of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, so that hepatic function is damaged obviously on these bases, which may significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. In this review we summarize the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism under liver cancer.     

Lipids changes in liver cancer

Liver is one of the most important organs in energy metabolism. Most plasma apolipoproteins and endogenous lipids and lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. It depends on the integrity of liver cellular function, which ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. When liver cancer occurs, these processes are impaired and the plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns may be changed. Liver cancer is the fifth common malignant tumor worldwide, and is closely related to the infections of hepatitis B virus （HBV） and hepatitis C virus （HCV）. HBV and HCV infections are quite common in China and other Southeast Asian countries. In addition, liver cancer is often followed by a procession of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, so that hepatic function is damaged obviously on these bases, which may significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. In this review we summarize the clinical significance of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism under liver cancer.     

DNA sequences homologous to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the extrachromosomal circular DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV-negative subjects

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B - This study aimed to investigate DNA sequences that are substantially homologous to the corresponding RNA sequence sections of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)....     

Proapoptotic and pronecrosis effect of different truncated hepatitis C virus core proteins

Objective: To study the roles of different truncated hepatitis C virus (HCV) core proteins (CORE) in the pathogenesis of HCV persistent infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess intracellular localization in transiently transfected cells. Methods: Seven truncated CORE-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein expression plasmids were constructed,which contained HCV CORE sequences derived from tumor tissues (BT) and non-tumor tissues (BNT) from one patient infected with HCV. Amino acid (aa) lengths were BT: 1-172 aa, 1-126 aa, 1-58 aa, 59-126 aa, 127-172 aa; BNT: 1-172 aa and C191:1-172 aa respectively. Subcellular localization of CORE-GFP was analyzed by con-focal laser scanning microscope. Apoptosis and necrosis were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: Different truncated CORE-GFP localized mainly in the cytoplasm, but nuclear staining was also observed. HCV CORE could induce apoptosis and necrosis, and different truncated COREs could induce cell apoptosis and necrosis at different levels. Among the same length 1-172 aa of BT, BNT and C191, the cell apoptosis and necrosis percentage of BT is highest, and C191 is the lowest (BT＞BNT＞C191). To the different fragment COREs of BT,N-terminal of CORE induced apoptosis and necrosis higher, compared with that of C-terminal (1-172 aa＞1-126 aa＞1-58aa＞ 127-172 aa＞59-126 aa). Conclusion: These results suggest HCV CORE could induce apoptosis and necrosis of cells, which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCV persistent infection and HCC and the different CORE domains of different HCV quasi-species might have some difference in their pathogenesis.     

丙型肝炎的免疫病理及临床防治研究进展

丙型肝炎(HC)发病与血源、体液的传播有关.HC的组织病理学改变表现为汇管区淋巴细胞聚集,淋巴滤泡形成,小胆管损伤,肝细胞大泡性脂肪变等.目前国内外以干扰素、核酸及核酶治疗为主.干扰素通过抑制HCV复制改善症状,减少肝细胞损害,减轻肝细胞炎症,降低ALT及TB,减慢向肝硬化、肝癌的演变而发挥重要作用.核酸治疗通过合适的载体将核酶导入细胞内,再在细胞内转录产生核酶从而发挥更稳定的抗病毒作用,其疗效也更为有效.     

IN VITRO STUDY ON RIBOZYME AGAINST HEPATITIS C VIRUS

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