酿酒酵母原生质体制备条件的研究

本文以酿酒酵母 CGMCC 2．620为出发菌株,研究了酶解温度、酶解时间、酶浓度3个单因素对酿酒酵母原生质体形成率和再生率的影响.同时对酶解温度、酶解时间、酶浓度进行了3因素3水平的正交试验,分析各因素的极差值,评价各因素的影响程度.结果表明,酿酒酵母原生质体最佳制备条件分别为酶浓度0．5％,酶解温度22℃酶解时间90分钟.在此条件下,酿酒酵母原生质体形成率和再生率可达97．5％,17．4％.     

枸杞浓缩汁的制备及在冰淇淋中的应用

以干枸杞为原料制备浓缩汁,添加果胶酶以提高出汁率、透光率和热稳定性.通过单因素试验确定果胶酶的最佳酶解条件为：添加量：0.05％,酶解温度：50℃,酶解时间：2h.将枸杞浓缩汁添加到冰淇淋中,测定冰淇淋的膨胀率、融化率、黏度和硬度,并对其进行感官鉴评.结果表明,枸杞浓缩汁可以改善冰淇淋的品质.     

以油肠为原料提取肝素钠工艺的初探

本文采用盐解、酶解和复合酶解对进口油肠进行分解实验,通过对分解液的效价测定对三种分解方法进行了比较,其中盐解的总效价为41772 USPU,单一酶解的总效价为44163 USPU,复合酶解的总效价是45701 USPU,说明在油肠的分解中单一的盐解和酶解均不及以脂肪酶和蛋白酶的复合酶解效率高,而且复合酶解之后油脂明显减少,能有效的减少后续吸附时的树脂污染以及设备损害,为工厂大规模生产提供了参数支持。     

酶解马铃薯辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备及性能研究

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过单因素实验方法研究湿法工艺、喷雾工艺制备酶解马铃薯辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,并对性能进行研究。确定制备参数:淀粉乳浓度40%、p H值8.9、温度35℃、时间4h、酸酐3%。酶添加量为0.2(U/ml),在此条件下,乳液乳化能力达到保油4.5倍,乳液稳定性48h,0.1,干粉溶解不托尾,溶解时间30min以内,干粉流动性测定值2.5。     

盐地碱蓬胚性愈伤组织培养及原生质体制备

本实验首先在MS基本培养基上培养盐地碱蓬(SuaedaSalsa(L.)Pall.)的无菌苗,然后用上述无菌苗茎段为外植体在MS1培养基上诱导培养,初始愈伤组织为深黄色、非松脆型,愈伤组织诱导频率为95.64%以上.在继代培养基MS2上继代数月后得到了生长旺盛、疏松、呈乳白色的愈伤组织,用不同组成浓度的酶解液酶解松散型愈伤组织,进一步分离、提纯制备出具有活力的原生质体.以愈伤组织为材料制备原生质体的最适酶解液浓度为10g/L纤维素酶 5g/L离析酶 0.6mol/L甘露醇 0.05mol/L CaCl2.2H2O 0.1%MES.最适酶解时间为12-16h.     

鲐鲅鱼生产抗疲劳多肽酶解工艺初步研究

用动物蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶联合对鲐鲅鱼进行酶解.采用正交实验法优化制备鲐鲅鱼蛋白酶解物的最适工艺条件,探讨了影响鲐鲅鱼蛋白酶水解的主要因素.实验表明,最适的酶解条件为:动物蛋白水解酶与中性蛋白酶(酶活13万u/g)之比为2:1;加酶量为4.0%;酶解时间为4.5 h;酶解温度为50℃;酶解pH为7.0～7.5,在此条件下,鲐鲅鱼酶解液中氨基态氮浓度为1169.32g/100mL.     

海棠果酒的酿造研究

介绍了以海棠为原料,通过酵母菌的发酵作用酿制海棠果酒的生产工艺,并通过实验确定果胶酶酶解海棠果浆最佳条件为：酶添加量700u／100g、PH值4．5、温度45℃、酶解时间为120Nin。同时研究了海棠果酒发酵的最佳工艺条件：调整糖度为15％、酵母接种量0．3％、发酵温度25℃。     

多目标最优化加权解的稳定性及计算机在解的合理性讨论中的简单应用

在多目标最优化问题的研究中,围绕最优解涌现了很多成果,产生了不少解的概念㈤。对于通常的单目标最优化问题解的唯一性以及稳定性,也有过一些通有性的研究成果。对于多目标最优化问题解的稳定性,Yu曾给出了一个通有稳定性结果,Xiang也曾给出了当权因子,权因子和目标函数变化时加权解的稳定性结果。鉴于在实际运用中,加权方法和加权解的作用突出,因此研究加权解的稳定性具有重要意义。在本文中,将在Xiang的基础上研究引入计算机一些应用知识当权因子,目标函数和约束集合都变化时多目标优化加权解的稳定性,最后通过计算机模拟阐述现实中的一个例子说明稳定的加权解在现实应用中如何选择满意的解要依实际情况而定。     

毛竹笋壳膳食纤维添加剂的制备研究

以废弃笋壳为原料,开展了制备膳食纤维食品添加剂的工艺研究。采用纤维素酶酶解工艺,在酶添加量为1%,温度50℃,pH为4.5,反应1h,得到毛竹笋壳膳食纤维食品添加剂的持水性和溶胀性分别为5.01g/g,5.80mL/g,总膳食纤维含量为86.3%,比笋壳样品增加了18.03%。通过电镜分析,酶解后,笋壳纤维发生了局部溃裂,膳食纤维大部分呈现片层结构,体现了酶解后膳食纤维体积密度、口感得到一定改善,有利于降低笋壳膳食纤维的砂砾感,达到改善笋壳膳食纤维添加剂品质的目的。     

海棠果汁加工工艺研究

对海棠果的最佳榨汁工艺进行研究.经过试验确定最佳烫漂时间为4min,果胶酶酶解的最佳条件是:酶用量为0.04％、PH4.5、温度45℃、酶解时间120min,加2倍水榨汁,出汁率80.3％.     

Development of SSR marker by RNA-seq and its application in genotyping pearl sac in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

BackgroundPearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii is cultured for producing round nucleated pearls. Pearl production involves a surgical operation where a mantle tissue graft from a donor oyster and a round nucleus are implanted in the gonad of a host oyster. Whether the mantle graft implanted in the gonad of a host oyster contributes to the formation of a pearl sac that secretes pearl nacre to form a pearl should be determined. In April 2012, two full-sib families were separately used as donor and host oysters for a nucleus insertion operation. The pearl sac was sampled from the host oysters at day 60 after nucleus operation. A large number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. The two full-sib families were also used to mine diagnostic SSR markers for genotyping donor oyster, host oyster, and pearl sac.ResultsA total of 3168 microsatellite loci were identified in 39,078 unigenes, and 1977 SSR primers were designed by Primer 3.0. Forty-seven SSR primers were validated, and the rate of successful amplification was 72.3%. Two diagnostic SSR primers could successfully genotype pearl sac, donor oyster, and host oyster. Donor and host oysters were both homogenous, and the alleles in pearl sac were identical to those in donor and host oysters.ConclusionsThe present results confirmed that the mantle graft implanted in the gonad of host oyster contributed to the formation of the pearl sac in pearl oyster P. fucata martensii.     

Artificial agents among us: Should we recognize them as agents proper?

In this paper, I discuss whether in a society where the use of artificial agents is pervasive, these agents should be recognized as having rights like those we accord to group agents. This kind of recognition I understand to be at once social and legal, and I argue that in order for an artificial agent to be so recognized, it will need to meet the same basic conditions in light of which group agents are granted such recognition. I then explore the implications of granting recognition in this manner. The thesis I will be defending is that artificial agents that do meet the conditions of agency in light of which we ascribe rights to group agents should thereby be recognized as having similar rights. The reason for bringing group agents into the picture is that, like artificial agents, they are not self-evidently agents of the sort to which we would naturally ascribe rights, or at least that is what the historical record suggests if we look, for example, at what it took for corporations to gain legal status in the law as group agents entitled to rights and, consequently, as entities subject to responsibilities. This is an example of agency ascribed to a nonhuman agent, and just as a group agent can be described as nonhuman, so can an artificial agent. Therefore, if these two kinds of nonhuman agents can be shown to be sufficiently similar in relevant ways, the agency ascribed to one can also be ascribed to the other—this despite the fact that neither is human, a major impediment when it comes to recognizing an entity as an agent proper, and hence as a bearer of rights.     

国企治理新模式:多元目标、相容激励和有效委托理论及实证分析

改革实践表明，只关注代理人问题无法囊括我国国有企业当前正发生的所有现象，企业业绩也取决于委托人的委托效率：若企业存在多元委托目标，只有解决好委托目标的非兼容和非一致性问题时，企业才可能实现最优效率；我国国企经理最优选择往往是“晋升”、“退出”等非市场效率目标，导致国有企业经营的低效率。我国国企改革应认识到：并非国有企业就一定等价于低效率；国企改革应同等关注委托人有效委托问题，只有开展委托代理的双向改革才有可能解决国有企业治理问题。     

Network topology identification under the multi-agent agreement protocol

This paper investigates the problem of identifying the interaction geometry of a set of agents, whose collective goal are to achieve consensus under an agreement protocol. By classifying agents into different subsets based on their behavior, as well as introducing the so-called input and output agents, a relationship between the transfer function matrix and the identifiability of system parameters is established. Specifically, two cases are considered. If the set of input agents coincides with the set of output agents, the number of edges in the input agent set, in the complement of input agent set, and between these two sets can be uniquely identified. Thus, the search space of feasible graphs becomes much smaller. The problem can be solved in polynomial time, and an algorithm is provided. Moreover, if all the agents in the system are output agents, parameters of the system can be uniquely identified, and an algebraic method is given to exactly recover the graph topology. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Artificial Morality: Top-down,Bottom-up,and Hybrid Approaches

A principal goal of the discipline of artificial morality is to design artificial agents to act as if they are moral agents. Intermediate goals of artificial morality are directed at building into AI systems sensitivity to the values, ethics, and legality of activities. The development of an effective foundation for the field of artificial morality involves exploring the technological and philosophical issues involved in making computers into explicit moral reasoners. The goal of this paper is to discuss strategies for implementing artificial morality and the differing criteria for success that are appropriate to different strategies.     

海洋环境样品牡蛎中三丁基锡（TBTO）保存技术的研究

本文阐述了对海洋牡蛎中三丁基锡的含量和在-30℃冷冻下保存．-30℃冻干后常温常压下保存,常温常压风干保存25个月的变化及稳定性。     

Iodine content of oyster shells

A report is given of the investigation of the iodine content of oyster shells taken from the reefs found in the Gulf of Mexico. The pulverized shells as sold on the market contain 200 to 300 parts per billion of iodine. Water soluble and alcohol soluble iodides appear to be absent. The granulated undried shells contain 500 parts per billion of iodine. Apparently there is a loss of iodine due to the temperature at which the pulverized shells are dried.     

Simulating rational social normative trust, predictive trust, and predictive reliance between agents

A program for the simulation of rational social normative trust, predictive `trust,' and predictive reliance between agents will be introduced. It offers a tool for social scientists or a trust component for multi-agent simulations/multi-agent systems, which need to include trust between agents to guide the decisions about the course of action. It is based on an analysis of rational social normative trust (RSNTR) (revised version of M. Tuomela 2002), which is presented and briefly argued. For collective agents, belief conditions for collective agency should be added. For the various forms of trust agents must have (at least) subjectively rational reasons to believe that the conditions of the trust account are fulfilled. A list of such reasons (of varied weights), e.g., given by empirical research, can manually be built into a parameter file or be generated by a calling program in a fixed format. From this list of reasons the program randomly generates a belief base for the agents of the artificial society. Reasons can be chained together so that one set of reasons satisfies several belief conditions. The program checks if the conditions are fulfilled for the artificial agents' social normative trust/predictive `trust'/`predictive reliance' in another agent that he will perform an action X. Each outcome is logged to a result file. In conclusion we discuss various aspects of the application of a trust component of the suggested kind in empirical research, social simulation, and multi-agent systems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Leader-following consensus of multi-agent systems with limited data rate

This paper investigates the leader-following consensus problem of time-invariant linear multi-agent systems with limited data rate. Based on the idea of assigning a priority level for each agent of the concerned multi-agent system, a novel distributed control law has been proposed. The proposed control law has two distinctive advantages. That is, it is fully distributed in the sense that it does not rely on the eigenvalues of the Laplace matrix associated with the topology. Moreover, the required data rate is independent of the number of agents and remains small even if the number of the agents in multi-agent systems is large. An example is finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.