批判与建构--马丁·布伯与新教育思潮

作为20世纪最伟大的教育家之一,马丁@布伯对新教育思潮的反省和批判非常深刻.他指出人的潜能只能在"关系"中发展而不会"自然释放",教育是与被释放的潜能相遇的决定性力量;"自由"只是教育得以完成的前提条件而非其目标和全部内容,与传统教育的"强制"相对的不是"自由"而是"对话";道德教育的任务不是形成无意识的自控的习惯系统,而是使规范与价值在个体自我意识中得以发现和确定,使其能对每一情境作出恰当的有意识的独特回应,德育的完成靠师生之间的"对话".     

马丁·布贝尔品格教育思想研究

马丁·布贝尔在"我与你"对话哲学思想基础上阐述品格教育思想,使这一思想具有了新的视角和独特的作用.提出要在"我与你"的基础上建立新型师生关系,品格教育的主要任务是培养选择能力和责任感,品格教育要坚持真诚、信任原则,品格教育途径是提问与交流.他的理论对我国中小学德育改革具有一定的借鉴作用.     

Martin Buber,Hasidism, and Jewish spirituality: the implications for education and for pastoral care

Abstract

There is a legal requirement that schools engage with the spiritual aspects of education, which encompasses pastoral care. This reflects the ethical sensibility that is present in individuals and underlies interactions with Others; and which should be part of the ethos of all educational institutions and especially schools. This is because spirituality is important to leading a moral life and to understanding the Other. The article considers specifically the potential of Jewish spirituality, and uses Martin Buber’s thought, to gain a better understanding of its contribution to education and to pastoral care. In the first part, we comment on the ‘basic words’, I-Thou and I-It, which are connected with Hasidism, the Jewish spiritual movement which had a great influence on Martin Buber. Hasidism understands that it is our duty to find and connect with the ‘divine sparks’, as genuine relations merge with the Divine, and when humans relate genuinely to one another, they relate to God. This is crucial for understanding the superiority of I-Thou relations over I-It relations. In the second and third parts of the article, we consider the implications of this understanding of Jewish spirituality for education and for pastoral care. This is done through highlighting the importance of I-Thou relations if the spiritual aspects of education and of pastoral care are to be encouraged and fulfilled.     

Violence in Schools: Perspectives (and hope) from Galtung and Buber

Research into violence in schools has been growing steadily at an international level, and has shown high degrees of violence at various different levels. Given the seriousness of the problem, finding ways of responding to this issue in schools becomes an imperative for educationists. In this article, we engage with this problem by defending the view that whilst violence might be endemic in schools, there are also real possibilities for working towards different ways of being in relationship in schools. Firstly, we discuss Galtung’s understanding of violence and peace, paying particular attention to his concepts of structural and cultural violence, peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding. Secondly, we connect Galtung’s notions of peacemaking to Buber’s philosophy of dialogue, in order to make a case for an ‘epistemological shift’ which might enable individuals and communities to achieve ‘peace’. Finally, we direct our argument to the education context and put forward some concrete proposals for peacemaking in schools.     

杰克·伦敦笔下的马丁·伊登

美国作家杰克·伦敦在其自传体小说《马丁·伊登》中 ,根据自己的亲身体验塑造的同名主人公马丁这一超人般的艺术形象 ,是作家超人思想的显现 ,是作家的“自画像” ,是一曲知识分子深深的精神悲剧     

你我之间,永远都有说不完的故事——詹姆斯与布伯对读

通常认为,亨利·詹姆斯晚年的长篇小说《鸽翼》、《金碗》是刻画现代男女之间情感纠葛的名著。借助马丁·布伯代表作《我与你》中所提出的"我—你"关系模式,可以看到这两部小说从对话主义的角度,将爱理解为现代主体的成长模式。这两部作品实际上是一种新型的成长小说,突破了只强调男性成长,而女性不过起辅助作用的传统成长小说模式,认为真正的成长是男女双方的共同成长,只有这种成长才能将爱情带出基于"我—它"关系的利益模式。     

马丁·路德民族思想研究

马丁·路德不仅是一位宗教改革家,而且还是一位重要的爱国主义思想家。马丁·路德民族思想主要体现在建立民族国家和民族教会,实行经济自主和司法自主,开展国民教育和重视民族语言等方面。实质是要求德意志民族从政治、经济、宗教等方面彻底摆脱罗马教廷的控制,加强王权,创建独立的民族国家和民族教会。路德的民族思想集中体现了德意志民族独立的愿望和企求,并对德意志民族和国家的发展产生了深远影响。     

略论马丁·路德的宗教思想

马丁·路德是德国宗教改革运动的发轫者,他的宗教思想是他所处时代的产物,具有鲜明的反封建倾向及强烈的为信仰而斗争的特点。他力主摆脱罗马教会对德意志教会的控制,建立廉俭教会的主张受到德国广大人民群众的欢迎,并为以后新教运动的发展打下了基础,但同时也表现出了软弱性和不彻底性。     

马丁·帕尔——我们时代的记录者

“我会走近民众，因为这是唯一拍到照片的方式，你要走到他们当中，即使是现在，我也不觉得这很容易。我不会宣布自己在拍照。我会假装聚焦于别处，如果你要拍某些人，那么之后你就很难不看着他们。但这会被发现，我不会试图隐藏我所做的事——那很愚蠢。”