Threshold Loss Agreement Indices for Criterion-Referenced Measures: A Review of Applications and Interpretations

Abstract

The characteristics of three threshold loss agreement indices which reflect the agreement or consistency in assignment to mastery-nonmastery status are reviewed. Special consideration is given to the conditions that determine when proportion of agreement, coefficient kappa or modified kappa is the most appropriate index to use. When marginal proportions are “fixed” and adjustment for chance agreement is desired, coefficient kappa may be appropriate. However, indices of marginal asymmetry and confidence limits should be reported along with kappa. When marginal proportions are “free” to vary, it is suggested that kappa be modified by defining chance agreement as 1/q, whereq is the number of categories. Examples of all indices are illustrated with synthetic data.     

Identifying waking time in 24-h accelerometry data in adults using an automated algorithm

As accelerometers are commonly used for 24-h measurements of daily activity, methods for separating waking from sleeping time are necessary for correct estimations of total daily activity levels accumulated during the waking period. Therefore, an algorithm to determine wake and bed times in 24-h accelerometry data was developed and the agreement of this algorithm with self-report was examined. One hundred seventy-seven participants (aged 40–75 years) of The Maastricht Study who completed a diary and who wore the activPAL3? 24 h/day, on average 6 consecutive days were included. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated and the Bland–Altman method was used to examine associations between the self-reported and algorithm-calculated waking hours. Mean self-reported waking hours was 15.8 h/day, which was significantly correlated with the algorithm-calculated waking hours (15.8 h/day, ICC = 0.79, P = < 0.001). The Bland–Altman plot indicated good agreement in waking hours as the mean difference was 0.02 h (95% limits of agreement (LoA) = ?1.1 to 1.2 h). The median of the absolute difference was 15.6 min (Q1–Q3 = 7.6–33.2 min), and 71% of absolute differences was less than 30 min. The newly developed automated algorithm to determine wake and bed times was highly associated with self-reported times, and can therefore be used to identify waking time in 24-h accelerometry data in large-scale epidemiological studies.     

新时代体育学硕士研究生信息素养评价指标体系构建研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、德尔菲法、层次分析法等研究方法,对体育学硕士研究生信息素养评价指标体系予以构建。研究认为:体育学硕士研究生信息素养的培养和提高是新时代我国体育学研究生教育的重要使命。体育学硕士研究生信息素养包括基础性信息素养和专业性信息素养,基本框架涵括“目标层—准则层—要素层—指标层”四个层级以及“信息意识—信息知识—信息能力—信息伦理道德”四个维度;体育学硕士研究生信息素养评价指标体系包括4个一级指标、13个二级指标及37个三级指标;构建体育学硕士研究生信息素养评价指标体系,对于体育学硕士研究生信息素养的培养及评估具有重要的导向和参考价值。     

蛋白质组技术及其在运动人体科学中的应用展望

研究目的:展望蛋白质组技术在运动人体科学中的应用。研究方法:采用综述的方法阐述蛋白质组的概念、主要研究技术及其在生物、医学领域的主要意义。研究结果和结论:蛋白质组技术将广泛应用于运动人体科学研究,有助于提高大众健康及运动员竞技水平     

Day-level sedentary pattern estimates derived from hip-worn accelerometer cut-points in 8–12-year-olds: Do they reflect postural transitions?

Improving sedentary measurement is critical to understanding sedentary-health associations in youth. This study assessed agreement between the thigh-worn activPAL and commonly used hip-worn ActiGraph accelerometer methods for assessing sedentary patterns in children. Both devices were worn by 8–12-year-olds (N = 195) for 4.6 ± 1.9 days. Two ActiGraph cut-points were applied to two epoch durations: ≤25 counts (c)/15 s, ≤75c/15s, ≤100c/60s, and ≤300c/60s. Bias, mean absolute deviation (MAD), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) tested agreement between devices for total sedentary time and 11 sedentary pattern variables (usual bout duration, sedentary time accumulated in various bout durations, breaks/day, break rate, and alpha). For most sedentary pattern variables, ActiGraph 25c/15s, 75c/15s, and 100c/60s had poor ICCs, with bias and MAD >20%. ActiGraph 300c/60s had a better agreement than the other cut-points, but all ICCs were <0.587. ActiGraph underestimated sedentary time in longer bouts and usual bout duration, and overestimated sedentary time in shorter bouts, breaks/day, and alpha. For total sedentary time, ActiGraph 25c/15s, 300c/60s, and 75c/15s had good/fair ICCs, with bias and MAD <20%. Sedentary patterns derived from two commonly used ActiGraph cut-points did not appear to reflect postural changes. These differences between measurement devices should be considered when interpreting findings from sedentary pattern studies.     

肥胖与过低体重对女大学生心肺功能及运动能力的影响

以女大学生为研究对象，探讨肥胖与过低体重对女大学生心肺功能及运动能力的影响。结果表明：肥胖与过低体重的女大学生在心肺功能等１５项指标上和运动素质等５项指标上都低于正常体重的女大学生。其中，除肥胖组的最大吸氧量和肺活量绝对值及实心球掷远的成绩、过低体重组的最大吸氧量绝对值、肺活量绝对值及立定跳远和５０ｍ跑的成绩马正常体重组差异不显著外，其余指标差异十分明显。     

运动人体专业男生体成分、血清生化指标及脂联素水平研究

为了解运动人体专业男生的身体健康状况,以武汉体育学院运动人体专业男生为对象,依周运动频度分为运动爱好组和非运动爱好组,通过对体成分、血糖、血脂和脂联素水平的检测和分析,发现运动人体专业男生的体成分指标、血清生化指标及脂联素水平基本正常,非运动爱好组普遍存在体重指数偏低和脂联素水平低的现象.可见,运动能引起体成分改变和脂...     

2008年欧洲杯足球赛运动员年龄、比赛场次与身体形态特征研究

运用文献资料调研、数理统计法,从平均数特征、位置平均数特征及结构特征3个方面对2008年欧洲杯足球赛运动员的年龄、比赛场次、身高、体重、克托莱指数5个指标进行比较分析.结果表明:不同位置运动员平均年龄存在显著性差异(P<0.05),平均身高、体重、克托莱指数存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而平均比赛场次不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同档次球队运动员的5项基本指标不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同档次球队守门员运动员的平均身高存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其他4项指标不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);后卫、中场和前锋运动员的5项指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);欧洲杯运动员5项指标的结构特征都具有较好的正态分布效果,说明欧洲项尖足球运动员在年龄、比赛场次、身高、体重和克托莱指数5个方面已经达到相对稳定和平衡的状态.建议根据此结果,结合我国足球实际情况,制定与欧洲优秀足球运动员相适应的选材、培养和训练模式.     

世界精英男子网球运动员竞技比赛特征研究

为评价世界精英男子网球运动员比赛表现特征,选取德约科维奇职业生涯2004至2016年间908场、穆雷职业生涯2005至2016年间804场单打比赛为研究对象。运用多元线性回归法对两位优秀网球选手竞技能力技战术指标特征进行分析,运用综合指数法对两人36场比赛对决进行综合评定。结果显示：（1）决定德约科维奇的比赛胜负指标由强到弱依次为二发得分率（0.915）、一发得分率（0.882）、挽救破发点成功率（0.749）、一发成功率（0.700）,决定穆雷的比赛胜负指标由强到弱依次为一发成功率（0.803）、二发得分率（0.675）、破发成功率（0.645）;（2）德约科维奇与穆雷10场大满贯比赛对决的综合指数平均值分别为3.997和3.862。研究表明：从整体上看,虽然两人职业对决在竞技状态上都有起伏,但并不存在显著性差异,且两人在比赛中均展现出一流的技战术水平。     

Comparison of Self-Reported Sedentary Time on Weekdays with an Objective Measure (activPAL)

ABSTRACT

Self-reports are commonly used tools for obtaining sedentary behaviors. The aim of our study was to assess agreement between two self-reports of sedentary time and a gold standard sedentary time objective monitor. A worksite sample (n = 42) completed the Slovenian version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the Slovenian version of the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ for weekdays) and wore an objective physical activity monitor (activPAL) for up to five consecutive working days. Results revealed that GPAQ and SBQ consistently underestimated the total sedentary time, with the mean bias of ?165 min/day and ?181 min/day, respectably. Wide limits of agreement showed poor precision and intraclass correlation revealed a low level of agreement. GPAQ and SBQ are not recommended to be used in studies seeking for relationships with health outcomes, nor in studies where detecting the behavioral change is of interest. Objective measurement should be the preferred choice when possible.     

Insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance testing in athletes: disagreement between available indices

The aims of the present study were to determine whether available "fasting" and oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity indices could effectively discriminate between individuals with higher than normal insulin sensitivity, and whether they would all provide similar information in clinical practice. Sprint runners (n = 8), endurance runners (n = 8) and sedentary controls (n = 7) received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All participants were healthy lean males, aged 21-29 years. Besides glucose and insulin responses, a total of nine such indices were computed. Fasting as well as post-load glucose concentrations were similar in the three groups, while basal plasma insulin and the insulinaemic response to glucose were both higher in untrained individuals (at P < 0.05 and P < 0.02, respectively). There were no differences between endurance and sprint runners. The results for insulin sensitivity, however, were quite variable: three indices showed that both groups of athletes were more insulin-sensitive than controls; three indicated that this was the case for endurance runners only; one indicated that this was the case for sprint runners only; and two showed that sprint runners were more insulin-sensitive than either sedentary individuals or endurance runners (all differences were significant at P < 0.05). Controlling for total body weight or lean mass did not effectively resolve this disagreement. Apparently, the various insulin sensitivity indices examined provided different quantitative and qualitative information, despite insulin action being greater in both groups of athletes relative to controls, as reflected by their similar glucose tolerance with lower insulin concentrations. We suggest, therefore, that the use and interpretation of such indices among physically active individuals be made with caution.     

运动体验研究对体育教学的启示

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法对人体运动学、人体运动和身体运动的概念和内涵进行了梳理,阐释运动体验的概念、内容和作用。认为运动体验是后继运动参与和运动保持的关键影响因子,在体育教学中应首先提供给学生多样化的运动体验,进而深化良好的运动体验,促进学生运动习惯的养成。     

费德勒直臂鞭甩动作技术原理的运动学分析

通过文献资料、专家访谈、APAS成像观察及解析、数理统计等研究方法对费德勒开放式直臂鞭甩技术动作及其相关运动学指标参数进行运动学分析,认为直臂鞭甩技术符合人体运动鞭打动作的要求和各关节运动的时序性,利于提高击球的速度、深度与准确性。     

Insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance testing in athletes: Disagreement between available indices

The aims of the present study were to determine whether available “fasting” and oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity indices could effectively discriminate between individuals with higher than normal insulin sensitivity, and whether they would all provide similar information in clinical practice. Sprint runners (n = 8), endurance runners (n = 8) and sedentary controls (n = 7) received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All participants were healthy lean males, aged 21?–?29 years. Besides glucose and insulin responses, a total of nine such indices were computed. Fasting as well as post-load glucose concentrations were similar in the three groups, while basal plasma insulin and the insulinaemic response to glucose were both higher in untrained individuals (at P?<?0.05 and P?<?0.02, respectively). There were no differences between endurance and sprint runners. The results for insulin sensitivity, however, were quite variable: three indices showed that both groups of athletes were more insulin-sensitive than controls; three indicated that this was the case for endurance runners only; one indicated that this was the case for sprint runners only; and two showed that sprint runners were more insulin-sensitive than either sedentary individuals or endurance runners (all differences were significant at P?<?0.05). Controlling for total body weight or lean mass did not effectively resolve this disagreement. Apparently, the various insulin sensitivity indices examined provided different quantitative and qualitative information, despite insulin action being greater in both groups of athletes relative to controls, as reflected by their similar glucose tolerance with lower insulin concentrations. We suggest, therefore, that the use and interpretation of such indices among physically active individuals be made with caution.     

The First Historical Movements of Kinesiology: Scientification in the Borderline between Physical Culture and Medicine around 1850

The kinesiology concept is used worldwide and by many different professional groups with scientific aspirations. Yet nobody seems to know much about where it comes from and why it came into existence. This article traces the origins of the concept back to one of Sweden's greatest cultural exports of the nineteenth century – Swedish gymnastics – and the efforts of especially Swedish physiotherapists and physical educators to spread its scientific doctrines throughout the world. Primarily their goal was to convert the representatives of conventional medicine (pharmacology) into a more mechanical mode of understanding and curing illness (physiotherapy). While following in the footsteps of one physiotherapist/physical educator –‘the father of kinesiology’– and examining the ideological and historical conditions his so-called ‘mission’ was ruled by, the social construction of knowledge and science is made visible in a way seldom highlighted in the history of medicine and physical education.     

A comparison of lactate indices during ramp exercise using modelling techniques and conventional methods

The aim of this study was to compare the lactate indices provided by single- and double-breakpoint models with lactate thresholds obtained with conventional methods. Arterial samples for the determination of lactate concentrations were drawn from eight participants at rest and every minute during a ramp test (15 W x min(-1)) on a cycle ergometer. Lactate thresholds were determined from a blood lactate concentration equal to 4 mM (LT(4)), from an increase of 1 mM above the resting level (Delta1 mM), and from indirect methods using ventilatory parameters. Other indices were computed from the modelling of the lactate curve using an exponential function (LSI), a polynomial function (Dmax), a semi-log model (SLog), a parabola plus delay model (Mod P), and a two-breakpoint model (Mod M). Mod P and Mod M showed poor agreement with the other methods. LT(4), Dmax, LSI, and respiratory exchange ratio equal to 1 were correlated with each other (0.81 相似文献   

Reliability and validity of judging in women's artistic gymnastics at University Games 2009

Abstract

The aim of our research was to analyse the reliability and validity of judging on all women's apparatuses and all sessions (qualification, all round finals and apparatus finals) at the World University Games-Universiade 2009 in Belgrade. For validity assessment, mean absolute and rank deviations of judges’ execution scores were calculated. For consistency and reliability assessment, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, intra-class correlations, Armor's theta and Kendall's W coefficient were calculated. Vault and floor exercise finals were the sessions with the highest scores and the lowest score dispersion. The overall highest individual judge average absolute deviation was 0.34 point and the largest mean rank deviation was 0.88 with most values well below this. A correlation matrix for between-judge correlations identified three judges (out of 20) in the apparatus finals sessions with remarkably inferior correlations with others. Except for vault and floor finals, the results in terms of consistency (Cronbach's alpha mostly above 0.95) and reliability (Armor's theta mostly above 0.94, intra-class correlation for single and average measures above 0.87 and 0.94, respectively) were satisfactory. In conclusion, overall high values of reliability and consistency indices were found. Sessions where the variability between competitors is low (such as vault and floor finals in this competition) should be inspected with special care in future judging analyses.     

Intra-day and inter-day reliability of heart rate variability measurement

Abstract

At present, analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is becoming widely used as a clinical or research tool. Supported reliability studies for HRV measurement are, however, still limited. The main purpose was to perform an assessment of the absolute and relative reliability of HRV parameters from short-term recordings by means of orthoclinostatic stimulation and to investigate, whether there is a difference in repeating the retest immediately or after several days. The study group consisted of 99 participants (mean age 22 ± 1.24 years). Standard HRV indexes were computed: PT (total spectral power), PHF (high frequency spectral power), PLF (low frequency spectral power) and LF/HF. Absolute reliability was assessed by the standard error of measurement and 95% limits of agreement; relative reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. There was also an estimate of the sample size needed to detect the mean difference ≥ 30% of the between-subject standard deviation. In conclusion, a large random variation (within individuals) of HRV parameters was revealed, regardless of whether the retest was repeated immediately or with an interruption. For most HRV parameters (particularly in the immediately repeated test-retest), however, random variation represents a limited portion of the between-subject variability.     

Resilient excellence: challenges faced by trailblazing women in U.S. sport psychology

Consistent with other sciences (e.g, Kass-Simon, 1993; Tang 2006), the field of kinesiology has been called a "masculine domain," which has an institutionalized culture biased against women (Brackenridge, Mutrie, & Choi, 2005). This paper represents the second part of a larger project that examined the life histories of eight trailblazing women in sport and exercise psychology. In the first paper (Krane & Whaley, 2010) we made the case for replacing these women into the history of sport psychology, based on their contributions to research, teaching and service to the field. In this study, we explored the experiences of these women with regard to the challenges they faced and how they overcame or coped with them. The specific themes emerging from the data analysis were the trailblazers' graduate school and early professional experiences, general campus climates, departmental politics, gender or discipline, coping and the cost of caring and giving back and moving forward.