Ethnic identity: Myth and reality in Western Canada

The paper analyzes eleven research projects which have focused on the issue of ethnic identity. Each study addresses the question of how important ethnicity is to the individual. The results suggest that ethnicity, as measured in the present studies, is of little importance to Canadians. Ethnicity, however, should be viewed as an adaptive response to the conditions governing the context for acquisition of scarce and desired goods! What is clear is that assertions of the universal and constant import of ethnicity to Canadians are not true.     

消亡的天花

在20世纪,天花峰回路转,实现了“历史的终结”。1967年,世界卫生组织发起消灭天花的运动。1977年,最后一例自然发生的天花患者,在索马里出现。1980年,世界卫生大会正式宣布:天花被完全消灭,天花病毒在自然界已不存在,只有在世界各地的一些实验室中保存有天花病毒,以备意外之需。我们以天花在河南省的情况为例。1958年,郾城发现河南最后一例天花病人。1962年后,河南按免疫程序进行划片种牛痘,预防天花。世界卫生组织宣布天花消灭后,河南停止使用牛痘疫苗。     

息壤探原--从治水神话到求雨风俗

鲧、禹治水是我国古代的一个著名神话。相传在我国上古时期,发生过一场大洪水,那时大地一片汪洋,五谷不登,禽兽逼人,人民在死亡线上挣扎。帝尧忧心如焚,想找一个能治水的人,四方诸侯之长异口同声推荐鲧,言“未有贤于鲧者”(见《尚书·尧典》)。鲧是黄帝的孙子,在神话中是一匹白     

Stories for [Boys] Girls: Female Fans Read The X-Files

This article is a discussion of the ways that meaning is made by female fans of the (once) popular American television series, The X-Files. The findings are based on a year long ethnography case study with members of 3 private e-mail lists ostensibly dedicated to the former lead actor: The David Duchovny Estrogen Brigades. I argue that the interpretative practices of the participants, in the form of interaction on a list set up for research purposes, were imbricated with performances of both normative and oppositional femininities. Specifically, I examine the ways that the female participants worked to gain shared pleasures from texts produced predominantly by men for men. Two gendered communal practices are examined in detail in this article-"identification" with the characters and the reading of romantic story lines into the existing texts. I also consider the classed practice of reading the primary texts critically and the collective narratives produced as a result.     

The Three-Hour Rule and Educational Television for Children

This article presents findings from 2 studies examining the impact of the 1996 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) processing guideline mandating educational television for children. The studies include (a) a content analysis of 3 episodes of each of 41 different programs listed as "core" educational programming under the FCC's requirements and (b) an examination of industry perspectives on children's educational programming based on 22 in-depth telephone interviews with independent producers, network executives, and program consultants. The article contrasts the results of the content analysis with findings from the industry interviews to explore the economic factors that determine what is offered as "educational and informational" (E/I) on commercial broadcast television for children. The article concludes by considering why broadcasters may be more likely to offer "prosocial" programming (i.e., shows that deal with social and emotional issues) than "traditionally academic" programming (i.e., shows related to school-type subjects) to satisfy their educational television obligations to children.