高中生物学概念教学基本技能的研究

生物学概念是在生物学发展过程中形成的,是生物学知识和学科思维的基本单位.高中生物学概念教学是高中阶段生物学教学的主要内容.因此,研究运用几项重要教学基本技能（导入技能、讲解技能、板书技能、提问技能）促进生物学概念教学具有非常重要的现实意义.     

Momentum and kinetic energy: Confusable concepts in secondary school physics

Researchers and practitioners alike express concerns about the conceptual difficulties associated with the concepts of momentum and kinetic energy currently taught in school physics. This article presents an in‐depth analysis of the treatment given to them in 44 published textbooks written for UK secondary school certificate courses. This is set against some of the more contentious issues apparent in the literature concerned with the underlying physics and pedagogical arguments about how best to help students understand. The research evolved a set of criteria which were used to scrutinize how texts explain ideas and exemplify their applications. Despite the evident merits of many textbooks, the findings suggest that incomplete explanations are surprisingly prevalent, with several fundamental issues likely to be unclear to student readers, particularly those relating to when and where conservation might apply. Confusion exists between these difficult and somewhat overlapping ideas, arguably through the neglect of constructivist considerations. The commonly emphasized mechanistic, number‐crunching approach to the analysis of simple collision problems is judged to be un‐profitable, underlining the more general point that prevailing, accepted content and pedagogy may be the source of many misunderstandings. Implications are discussed and suggestions made for alternative treatments of these deceptively complex topics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 739–761, 2009     

初中化学基本概念的学习方法与教学策略

化学基本概念在教学中有着极其重要的地位,因此重视和加强化学基本概念的教学是提高化学教学质量的关键.     

职业高中学生价值观的树立

职高学生处于步入社会前的最后阶段,普遍对于如何准备就业非常关注。但这种焦虑如何转变为动力,如何采取行动,是很多学生关注的问题。本文试图初步探讨一下这些问题。     

Measuring classroom climate: Validation of the CCQ-P for primary,middle school and high school levels,on the Romanian population

Several high-quality instruments are used for investigations on classroom climate. Out of these, none is valid on all three educational pre-tertiary levels (primary, middle school and high school). This situation limits our understanding about classroom climate along different educational levels. We collected responses on a large Romanian student sample (1003 students, 49.3 % boys), and we investigated the internal validity of the Classroom Climate Questionnaire – Primary (CCQ-P, Aldridge & Galos, 2018) using confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses. The original model obtained a good fit and partially maintained structure across the three educational levels. Thus, this study opens the door for the investigation of this questionnaire for the three pre-university levels in other national contexts. This could impact how we look at the transition of students between levels and it could offer new input about the practical actions related to this process.     

高中化学实验情感态度与价值观的调查分析

采用问卷调查的方法,调查浙江省金华市、绍兴市和台州市四所高中高一、高二年级416名学生的化学实验情感态度与价值观,结果表明：学生的化学实验情感态度和价值观是积极的、令人满意的,喜欢化学实验的学生非常多,学生的实验态度认真,男女生有显著性差异,对化学实验价值有明确清晰的认识;但在实验异常、演示实验等某些项目上还有些差强人意;直接情感、实验卫生、实验知识、实验目的和实验异常项目在性别上存在一定水平的显著性差异,实验目的和学生实验项目在年级上存在不同水平的显著性差异。     

A cross-age study of junior high school students' conceptions of basic astronomy concepts

Junior high school students' astronomy conceptions were analysed by means of a written questionnaire presented to them during the beginning of the first semester. The main findings were as follows: almost half of the students indicated that the cause of the day-night cycle is the Earth spinning on its axis; most students chose as their best account for changes in the Moon's phases the Moon moving around the Earth. Despite that, most students thought that the Moon must be in its Full phase for there to be a total solar eclipse; most students underestimated the distances in the Universe and overestimated the Earth's diameter. A great proportion of students indicated that the reason for the different seasons is the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of its orbit as it revolves around the Sun. But almost the same number of students chose the varying distance between Sun and Earth or between the Earth, Moon and Sun, as a reason for the seasons. Only a third of the students answered correctly that in Israel's latitude, north of the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun is never directly overhead at noon; most students chose the correct estimate of a month for the Moon revolving around the Earth and a year for the Moon going around the Sun; about a third of the students chose the correct answer that when it is noon in Haifa, it would be about sunset in Beijing (90° east of Haifa). Few students indicated that the fact that we always see the same side of the Moon from the Earth implies that the Moon rotates on its axis once a month.     

高中生物学核心概念教学策略应用

核心概念教学是高中生物学教学的基石,本文介绍了对生物学核心概念的认识,明确了生物学核心概念教学的重要性,结合教学实践提出核心概念教学策略应用及合理使用.     

Validation of the short form of the career development inventory with an Iranian high school sample

A short 33-item form of the Career Development Inventory was validated on a sample of 310 Iranian high school students. Factor analysis indicated that attitude and cognitive subscale items loaded on their respective factors, and that internal reliability coefficients at all levels were satisfactory to good. Support for validity was demonstrated by associations in the expected direction for career decidedness and career decision-making self-efficacy. This short form of the inventory shows promise as a measure of career maturity with students from a non-Western country.     

初中生物中考高效复习的方法和途径

根据教学实践,阐述了教师要在准备工作、复习方式、复习材料、教材处理、教法方面、学法方面等方面着手,提高生物中考复习的有效性.     

The attitudes of Israeli Arab and Jewish high school students towards extrinsic and intrinsic values

The aim of this research was to investigate the attitudes of Israeli Arab (n = 259) and Jewish (n = 259) high school students toward extrinsic and intrinsic values. A questionnaire, which consisted of eight value scales in two groups—extrinsic and intrinsic values—was administered. Participants were asked to state whether they agreed or disagreed with 31 statements on a five-point Likert scale. Jewish students who experience school-based values education endorsed more intrinsic values (e.g. autonomy: Jews M = 4.27, SD = .53; Arabs M = 3.92, SD = .83), whereas Arab students, whose education as a minority group focuses on education towards achievement, endorsed more extrinsic values (e.g. attractiveness: Jews M = 3.56, SD = .82; Arabs M = 3.96, SD = .84). The findings suggest that the use of a more refined and complex analysis of extrinsic–intrinsic scales yields multiple interpretations of moral education in a modern world. This research may contribute to the discussion on moral education for minority groups, especially where they are a distinct minority in a society where they are surrounded by different cultural values. The growing cultural diversity in the Western world requires that through moral and civic education, schools explicitly expose their students, and especially minority groups, to the diverse interpretations of values and to the need to both respect differing interpretations, on the one hand, and to challenge them, on the other.     

Investigating a learning progression for energy ideas from upper elementary through high school

This study tests a hypothesized learning progression for the concept of energy. It looks at 14 specific ideas under the categories of (i) Energy Forms and Transformations; (ii) Energy Transfer; (iii) Energy Dissipation and Degradation; and (iv) Energy Conservation. It then examines students’ growth of understanding within each of these ideas at three levels of increasing conceptual complexity. The basic level of the model focuses on simple energy relationships and easily observable effects of energy processes; the intermediate level focuses on more complex energy concepts and applications; and the advanced level focuses on still more complex energy concepts, often requiring an atomic/molecular model to explain phenomena. The study includes results from 359 distractor‐driven, multiple‐choice test items administered to over 20,000 students in grades 4 through 12 from across the U.S. Rasch analysis provided linear measures of student performance and item difficulty on the same scale. Results largely supported a model of students’ growth of understanding that progresses from an understanding of forms and transformations of energy to energy transfer to conservation while also progressing along a separate dimension of cognitive complexity. An analysis of the current state of students’ understanding with respect to the knowledge identified in the learning progression showed that elementary level students perform well in comparison to expectations but that middle and high school students’ performance does not meet expectations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 55: 68–93, 2018     

Contemporary poetry for the high school

The inadequate number of American young adults selecting a scientific or engineering profession continues to be a major national concern. Using data from the 23-year record of the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) and working within the social learning paradigm, this analysis uses a set of 21 variables to predict young people's employment in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or medicine (STEMM) at ages 36 to 39. The LSAY is one of the longest and most intensive longitudinal studies of the impact of secondary education and postsecondary education conducted in the United States. Using a structural equation model, the study found that mathematics continues to be a primary gateway for STEMM professions, beginning with algebra track placement in grade eight and continuing through high school and college calculus courses. Home and family factors such as parent education and parent encouragement of science and mathematics during secondary school also enhanced the likelihood of entering a STEMM profession.     

论蔡元培科学教育思想的内涵及现代价值

蔡元培作为中国知识界的卓越前驱，他的教育思想及实践，对中国近代教育乃至中国近代社会的发展都产生了广泛而深刻的影响。蔡元培的科学教育思想，对于我国科教兴国战略的落实、高等教育的发展，都有重要的借鉴意义。     

中美高中生相异构想（电路部分）之比较研究

问卷测试表明，中美两国中学生在物理电路部分存在典型的误概念。对比研究中美学生在相应课题误概念的异同，将对两国中学物理教学改革提供有益的启示。     

Senior high school students' preference and reasoning modes about nuclear energy use

This study examined senior high school students' cognitive orientation toward scientific or social information, designated as information preference, and associated preferential reasoning modes when presented with an environmental issue concerning nuclear energy usage. The association of the information preference variable with some academic and personal background attributes of the participants was also examined. A questionnaire, preference survey test and interview methods were used to gather the data. Students' preference test scores fell within -0.66 to 2 on a scale of -4 (social orientation) to 4 (scientific orientation). Statistical analyses showed that students' performance in science was a good predictor of the information preference exhibited by students. Interview content analysis showed that students' preferences and reasoning modes were mutually consistent. Particularly, subjects of neutral preference, whose preference scores fell between 0 and 1, displayed a reasoning mode that is considerably integrated containing references to both scientific and socially relevant content.     

普通高中化学学业质量水平的解构与重组——来自一线教师的“学业质量水平”解读视角

基于一线教师熟悉的语境,依托核心概念、科学方法、学科价值三个一级指标,以及化学变化本质、结构与性质、反应与能量、速率与平衡、分类思想、多重表征、实验探究、证据推理、应用物质、转化物质、作用与贡献、态度与责任12个二级指标,对高中化学学业质量水平的描述进行解构与重组。