Sensory training and special education — can practice make perfect?

Sensory training, based on the latest research findings in neuroscience and perceptual psychology, is beginning to make a significant impact on practice in the treatment of language impairments. This training has three novel aims: the stimuli are designed to engage and develop specific brain processing modules; the training task difficulty is dynamically modulated, leading to the most efficient learning for an individual; and the tasks are presented as highly motivating computer games to encourage the long periods of training that result in optimal learning. The published results are impressive, with improvements averaging two years in language age following four weeks of intensive training. In this article, David Moore, Professor of Auditory Neuroscience at the University Laboratory of Physiology in Oxford and Chief Technology Officer for Mind Weavers Ltd at the Oxford Centre for Innovation, explores the research leading to these initiatives. While the mechanisms of the training remain controversial, it seems likely that, in the future, automated training of this type will make a major impact on practice in special education and in many other fields.     

数字环境下传播学培养模式的比较研究——以MIT和USTC为例

以美国麻省理工学院（MIT）的＂比较媒体研究＂专业与中国科学技术大学（USTC）的科技传播与科技政策系为例,对数字环境下传播学的培养模式进行了比较研究,包括培养目标、教学理念、课程设置和培养方式上的异同,以期对新环境下的传播学培养模式有所借鉴。     

英语专业新生词汇学习策略训练及其效果研究

选取英语专业新生作为研究对象,将他们按自然班级分为实验班和对照班,对实验班进行了英语词汇学习策略训练。通过词汇策略问卷和词汇水平测试等方式,分析学生训练前后在词汇策略使用和词汇测试成绩上的变化,旨在验证策略训练对学生词汇学习的有效性。结果显示：（1）实验班学生词汇后测成绩明显高于对照班学生,表明策略训练对学生词汇水平的提高是有效的。（2）实验班学生使用大部分受训策略的频率显著提高,表明训练对学生词汇策略的使用具有积极影响。     

智障儿童构音障碍矫治的个案报告

为了探讨智障儿童构音障碍的矫治方法,文章采用个案研究方法,对一名6岁10个月中度智障儿童的构音障碍矫治进行研究。先用构音障碍评估工具对其构音功能进行评估,后根据评估结果制定口部运动功能训练和构音音位训练相结合的训练方案并实施训练,最后进行训练后的评估。训练后该患儿的口部运动功能、构音清晰度等构音功能指标有明显提高。结果显示：对存在构音障碍的智障儿童实施有针对性的构音训练,能有效改善其言语状况;对智障儿童实施口部运动功能训练和构音音位训练相结合的实施方案是可行的。     

一项基于元认知策略的大学英语听力教学实证研究

元认知策略是对学习过程的计划、监控、评估的过程,国内外研究证明听力策略培训对提高英语学习者的听力理解能力有一定的促进作用。文章报告了一项对大学非英语专业大二学生进行的为期一学期的元认知策略培训的实验研究,结果证明元认知策略在提高学生听力水平方面的有效性。     

高师地理教师职业技能训练体系构建的探索与实践

结合多年实践教学经验,构建了以教师专业化为培养目标的“全程多维互动式”高师地理教师职业技能训练体系.依靠专兼相济、结构合理的教学团队,通过层次化、模块化的训练课程和训练内容多样高效的训练方法、多维民主的评价考核方式和“三层面、五维度”的训练质量保障体系,对地理师范生进行全程系统的教师职业技能专业化训练.     

通过合作学习与元认知训练提高学生学习效率

合作学习是一种有效的教学形式,元认知训练是一种对认知策略的训练,二者的关系表现为都以主体教育思想为起点,以教会学生学习为目标。元认知训练可以包含于合作学习的形式中,这有利于它们的相互促进;合作学习形式下的元认知训练可以采取多种有效措施来达到提高教学效果的目的。     

Education and training: Impacts on farm management practice

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a large Australia‐wide survey which collected farm financial information and information about changes to farm‐management practices, as well as information about education and training, and a smaller survey of farmers who attended one of three training courses for farmers. The paper considers the relationship between education and training outcomes at macro and micro levels. At the macro level, education and training as well as prompts for change are considered, while at the micro level the influence of training on changes to practice is examined. Education and training enhance farmers’ ability and willingness to make successful changes to their management practice. The training program is generally only one of several factors which influence participants to make changes in their practice. Training events are opportunities for interaction between participants and with expert trainers. This interaction assists in altering values and attitudes toward new practices.     

Education in Basic Skills and Training for Productive Work

The success of global policies and strategies aimed at training for productive work depends to a large extent on the level of development of basic skills among the work force and, likewise, training costs will vary according to the level of general preparation of those entering on the process. In view of the close relationship between the structure of the school system, the development of basic skills and actual training, different options are available to resolve imbalances between training for productive employment and previous basic education. Our conclusions are that training cannot replace basic education, that the process of technological change goes hand in hand with an increased demand for workers with a high level of education, that substituting training in specific skills for good basic education is not the most efficient option, and that one of the favorable effects of primary education is that it facilitates after- school training. This article seeks to identify certain dimensions of human resource training which are often overlooked in relation to both basic skills and specific training proper: namely, the imbalances existing between vocational training and previous education, and the options available for correcting them.     

加强职工培训发展油脂工业——以新疆地区为例

油脂厂的设备、工艺在不断更新,而职工的文化水平及专业知识却远远跟不上,这直接影响了新疆油脂工业的发展,加强职工的培训势在必行。院校进行重点培训和系统培训,院校要努力改进培训方法,提高培训效果;油脂厂抓好政治思想工作,使职工明确培训目的,端正学习态度。     

地方高校研究生多导师培养模式的实践

就地方普通高校研究生多导师培养模式进行探讨,对这种培养模式的可能性和必要性以及运行管理的特点进行详细分析,指出其在人才培养以及学科发展中的重要作用。     

校本师资培训与课堂观察

校本师资培训作为满足教师工作需要的校内培训活动，是建立在“为了学校、基于学校、在学校中”的基础之上的。其重要途径之一是通过课堂观察，促进教师反省，使教师更清晰地意识到课堂教学中所发生的事情，进而解决学校教育教学中存在的问题，促进教师的专业成长和发展。这主要是因为课堂观察所具有的反思性、科学性、发展性、合作性等特点与校本师资培训的其他途径相比较有着更为独特的优势。     

试论高校篮球教练员的行为影响力

高校篮球队的训练工作是一个教练员与运动员共同参与的双边活动,作为训练过程中起主导作用的教练员对在这个过程中作为主体的运动员所产生的影响力。是决定训练成效、竞赛成绩和队的发展优劣的一个重要因素。教练员对运动员的影响力有权力性和非权力性之分,提高教练员行为影响力,关键在于提高非权力性影响力。     

Providing training in positive behavioural support and physical interventions for parents of children with autism and related behavioural difficulties

Though professionals working with children on the autism spectrum who display challenging behaviour routinely receive training in the use of both positive behavioural support techniques and physical interventions, such training is rarely provided for the parents of these children. This article reports on the impact of training provided for family members associated with eight children aged 7–11 years who were associated with the same special school. Participants were surveyed before and after training, and at a 12‐week follow‐up session. Data were triangulated by interviewing staff providing and supporting the training. The results suggest that attending the training increased parents' confidence in understanding and managing the child's behaviour, and reduced the use of physical interventions. Positive factors associated with parent training are discussed, as well as challenges to its provision, and the cost and potential impact of providing training is compared with other models of support. Limitations of the study and areas for further research are identified.     

我省农村中学数学教师队伍的基本状况及专业培训情况调研

教师专业化发展主要靠教师自身努力（内因）,培训（外因）只是一种辅助手段。我们应当理性看待师资培训问题。期望仅依靠师资培训一劳永逸地从根本上提升教师专业素质是不现实的。对中学数学教师的问卷调查与个别访谈均表明,目前中学数学师资培训从培训理念、培训方法、培训内容、培训过程等方面存在诸多问题,均急需改进。我们认为中学数学教师培训不但要关注当前教学实践中存在的问题,更要在促使教师主动积极地进行教学改革方面下功夫。     

中小学教师培训几个关键性问题探究——基于教育问题解决的教师培训之思考

教师培训是教师发展的重要举措。当前的中小学教师培训,存在如何分析"培训需求"、如何制定培训目标、思想观念如何有效传承等问题,影响着培训的有效进行,致使培训实效的偏低。基于教育问题解决的教师培训是针对当前中小学教师培训中的困惑,立足于受训教师面临的问题,在解决问题之中,系统、灵活、高效、针对性地丰富教师的知识,提升理论的素养,提高自身的实践能力,合理的达到培训者的预期结果。     

How Often and for What Purposes Apprentices Seek Help in Workplaces: A Mobile Technology-Assisted Study

In the ‘dual’ system of vocational training, working in company represents the major part of training. At the workplace, apprentices are expected to acquire the typical skills of their profession but, at the same time, to contribute to the production of the company. For this reason apprentices are expected to carry out activities on their own from early on in their training and to ask for help only when they need it. Learning to ask questions and to seek help appropriately is, therefore, an important competence for learners to acquire during vocational training, just as it is important for the company to offer the learner every opportunity to ask for help when needed. In this study, we used mobile phones to follow at a distance 19 apprentices in car mechanics at the workplace. We then analyzed a corpus of approximately 77 hours of work, in search of all questions and requests they addressed during this time. Data show that requests for information are twice as frequent as requests for assistance (i.e. intervention or physical help) and that all together, requests are introduced more often by more advanced apprentices than by those in the early stages of their training. These findings are linked with the facts that: a) bringing apprentices to be autonomous early in their work is a deciding factor of the philosophy of work in many of the enterprises training apprentices, b) more advanced apprentices are given more complex tasks to work on, c) more advanced apprentices work more is often undertaken in collaboration with an expert car mechanics and d) questions and requests for help are more likely to be addressed when working collaboratively than when working alone. These findings are interpreted as evidences of a natural regulation which takes place at the workplace between the learner’s engagement and the workplace affordances.     

校长提高培训与岗位培训之比较

中小学校长培训在时间和内容上不是特定的、一次性的单元培训,而是连续的、多次的多元培训。提高培训和岗位培训是中小学校长培训在不同阶段的具体表现,其指导思想和基本要求具有统一性和时代性。教育对象具有单一性和特定性,教学内容呈现连续性和渐进性。在教学模式和教学方式上,提高培训和岗位培训的重心各有侧重。校长岗位培训突出了教学的全面性、系统性和基础性,校长提高培训突出了教学的专题性、针对性和层次性。校长提高培训是拔高性培训,在教学师资上比岗位培训要求更高。     

以“写”为主优化应用写作实践教学设计

应用写作课程虽然在大多数高校里开设,但学生不会写、不愿写、不乐写的情况较为普遍,教学效果不佳。应用写作课程旨在培训写作技能,应该强化以"写"为主的教学理念,有意淡化理论讲授环节,通过优化实践教学中各项训练的设计思路,归结出多样化的实训项目,形成积极有效的实训流程,贯彻至教学过程的始终,不断提高"写"的主导地位。     

大学生创新性试验的尝试——冲压技术综合训练

针对目前国内高校工程训练中材料成形加工技术训练方面的现状,从冲压技术训练入手进行了改革创新,建立了一套较为完善的冲压综合训练体系。通过此方案的实施,体现了对学生知识、能力和素质的全面培养,激发了学生的学习兴趣,这是对工科本科学生创新性试验的一个很好的尝试,并对其它训练项目的改革具有一定的借鉴意义。