体能、体质、健康概念、范畴及其关系研究

本文对体能、体质、健康的概念进行了简要的综述和定性分析,得出了较合理的定义和范畴,指出"体质"概念中不应包括心理因素和对社会环境的适应,从而论述了体能与体质、体质与健康之间的相互关系,划分了三者之间的层次,以指导体育工作者的实践工作.     

11级、10级学生体质健康的比较研究

本文采用文献资料法、访谈法、测量法、数据统计法等研究方法对11级、10级学生进行了身高、体重、肺活量、握力、立定跳远、3分钟台阶测试经中体同方体质健康评定系统软件自动评分、自动评定等级。统计后对二个年级学生体质健康进行比较研究,发现二个年级体质指标明显存在体重增加、体质下滑趋势,并提出改进意见和建议。     

我国学生体质健康的现状、成因及对策研究

我国对学生体质健康现状的调查表明：我国学生存在体质健康持续下降的危机。据此，文章从家庭、学校应试教育和传统社会文化等方面探讨了导致学生体质健康持续下降的成因，并提出了提高学生体质健康水平的具体对策。     

我省将开展学生体质、健康调研工作

为了进一步掌握我国学生体质、健康状况,长期观察其发育规律,并使这项工作逐步做到规范化、制度化,用以科学地指导学校体育、卫生工作,为增强学生体质,提高健康水平服务,教育部、国家体委、卫生部、国家民委决定,从一九八四年至一九八六年在建立、健全各级各类学校“体质,健康卡片”的基础上建立观测点,开展全国学生体质、健康调查研究工作,对全国25     

身体形态、机能、素质指标的关联分析

以2005年上海市国民体质监测数据库中11407条20～39岁成年人数据为对象,运用关联规则数据挖掘技术,对市民身体形态、机能和素质中的21项重要体质指标进行了处理和分析,从中得到了一些体质指标关系:肺活量小则握力小、纵跳成绩差,肺活量大则反应速度快;握力小则身体平衡能力较差;握力与身体肥胖程度呈近似反比关系.     

我国大学生体质研究的现状、问题与破解路径

追踪国内大学生体质研究的相关文献,梳理我国大学生体质调查现状及相关理论研究的动态,指出目前我国大学生体质研究还存在测试内容不完善、评价方法与标准不合理、成绩不客观、动态跟踪研究不够、理论研究不深入、大学生体质认知水平不高、生活方式习惯不良、公共体育课程促体质功能发挥不充分等问题.要紧扣“健康中国”“体育强国”国家战略的时代背景,从优化顶层设计,完善大学生体质评价体系;严格贯彻落实国家学校体育政策,加强监督管理;强化科研引领,加强动态跟踪,全面提升大学生体质研究深度与广度;加强科学引导,营造良好氛围,激发学生运动兴趣;推进学校体育课程改革,充分发挥体育促体质功能等方面破解大学生体质持续低下难题,为进一步深入研究大学生体质提供理论参考和实践指导.     

蒙古族和汉族大学生身高、体重发育现状的调查分析

本文报道了内蒙古师范大学19—25岁434名在校大学生（蒙古族165名,汉族269名）2项体质指标（身高、体重）资料,计算了身高体重指数（BMI）,并与2000年蒙古族和汉族学生的身高、体重等资料进行了比较,分析了BMI指数与体质健康的关系。     

火娃、虚娃,养育各不同

正按孩子的体质简单划分,可以分为壮实的火娃和娇弱的虚娃,你的孩子属于哪种类型?火娃和虚娃体质不同,一年四季的调理重点也存在很大区别。体质划分,阴阳为准体质是身体的素质特征,缘于机体脏腑、经络、气血、阴阳的偏颇而形成,表现为形体、性情、功能状态、疾病倾向等方面相对稳定的规律性。传统中医遵守阴阳平衡的原则,以阴、阳失衡的多少来划分,基本健康的属阴阳平和体质,阴阳失衡的有偏寒湿虚弱的阴人、偏燥热壮实的阳人,再可按失衡的轻重细分为太阴、少阴、太阳、少阳,还可再加细分,称为"阴阳二十五人"。     

普通高校三、四年级大学生体质状况调查分析——以曲靖师范学院为例

大学生体质健康状况,直接关系到我国未来的发展和民族的盛衰。本文运用数理统计方法,对曲靖师范学院三、四年级大学生进行《大学生体质健康标准》六个项目的测试,全面掌握学生体质健康状况,为今后高校体育课教学改革和体育活动提供科学的理论依据,结果表明：三、四年级大学生体质健康各项指标下滑,体质健康状况呈两极分化,身体发展不均衡,整体状况不容乐观。     

健全监测体系,完善考核、评价与监督

建立体质监测体系完善考核、评价与监督规范化运作是关键从制度上提供保障建立体质监测体系主持人提示:学校应结合实际情况建立一个系统而完整的体质监测体系,全面、科学、系统、多维地提升学生的身体素质。江苏省南通市通州区教育局副局长郭志明:学校建立体质监测体系应该有两个系统:一是围绕学生体质素质的指标系统。学生在青少年时期所必须达到的体质指标,如身高、体重、视力、血压等医学指标;学生在特定     

Emplotment,Embodiment, Engagement: Narrative Technology in Support of Physical Education,Sport and Physical Activity

This paper is based on a keynote lecture delivered at the International Association of Physical Education in Higher Education 2011 Conference, University of Limerick, on the sub theme: Technologies in Support of Physical Education, Sport, and Physical Activity. The paper outlines and illustrates a framework: narrative technology, which can be used for designing computing to support and enhance physical education, sport and physical activity. The framework is based on a ternary of foundational concepts: (1) physical engagement, (2) narrative, and (3) interactive technology. The paper outlines the theoretical basis of the approach, which is informed by contemporary debates and themes in education and educational technology, including: narratology, embodied design (or design for embodiment), and interactivity. Furthermore, from an empirical and practical perspective, two examples of the use of different types of computing are presented and discussed. The first intervention that is outlined focuses on the use of novel ubiquitous computing to enhance physical engagement, interpretation and interactivity. The second instantiation of computing illustrates how more widely available, “everyday'' technologies can be used to support and enhance large-scale creative and collaborative physical education. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate current and future potential of technology, and support creative and novel perspectives on how information and communications technologies can be used to enhance physical education, sport and physical activity.     

Critical Considerations for Physical Literacy Policy in Public Health,Recreation, Sport,and Education Agencies

The International Charter for Physical Education, Physical Activity, and Sport clearly states that vested agencies must participate in creating a strategic vision and identify policy options and priorities that enable the fundamental right for all people to participate in meaningful physical activity across their life course. Physical literacy is a rapidly evolving concept being used in policy making, but it has been limited by pre-existing and sometimes biased interpretations of the construct. The aim of this article is to present a new model of physical literacy policy considerations for key decision makers in the fields of public health, recreation, sport, and education. Internationally debated definitions of physical literacy and the wider construct of literacy were reviewed in order to establish common pillars of physical literacy in an applicable policy model. This model strives to be consistent with international understandings of what “physical literacy” is, and how it can be used to achieve established and developing public health, recreation, sport, and educative goals.     

Childhood physical abuse, early social support, and risk for maltreatment: current social support as a mediator of risk for child physical abuse

OBJECTIVE: The study investigated whether perceptions of social support in adulthood partially mediated the associations between childhood experiences (i.e., receipt of physical abuse and levels of early social support) and adult risk for child physical abuse. METHOD: Participants included 598 general population adults who completed self-report measures designed to assess childhood physical abuse, perceptions of early and current social support, and risk factors for child physical abuse. Structural equation modeling was used to test and cross validate a model that included the direct effects of child physical abuse and early social support on child physical abuse risk, as well as mediated effects through an influence on adult perceptions of social support. RESULTS: Childhood physical abuse and early social support covaried, such that receipt of physical abuse was associated with lower levels of perceived early social support. Early support, but not child physical abuse, had an indirect effect (i.e., through current support) on child physical abuse risk. More specifically, levels of early support were directly related to adult perceptions of support, and adult perceptions of support were inversely associated with child physical abuse risk. Childhood physical abuse was directly related to child physical abuse risk. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of early support may impact risk for child physical abuse by affecting perceptions of others as supportive in adulthood. The receipt of physical abuse in childhood, however, does not appear to impact perceptions of support in adulthood. Research is needed to identify additional factors that may explain the association between receipt of physical abuse in childhood and increased risk of child physical abuse in adulthood.     

The influence of childhood sexual abuse,physical abuse,family environment,and gender on the psychological adjustment of adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the current study was to examine the contributions of sexual abuse, physical abuse, family cohesion, and conflict in predicting the psychological functioning of adolescents. Additional analyses were conducted to determine whether adolescent victims of child sexual abuse and physical abuse perceive their family environments as more conflictual and less cohesive than nonabused adolescents. METHOD: Participants were 131 male and female adolescents, ages 16 years to 18 years, receiving services at a residential vocational training program. Participants completed well established psychological assessment tools to assess abuse history, family environment characteristics, and current adjustment. RESULTS: Physically abused adolescent females perceived their family environments as more conflictual and less cohesive than females without physical abuse, and sexually abused females perceived their family environments as more conflictual and less cohesive than females without sexual abuse. Physically abused adolescent males reported more conflict than males without physical abuse, but did not differ with regard to cohesion. Adolescent males with and without a sexual abuse history did not differ on the family dimensions. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both conflict and cohesion, in addition to a history of sexual and physical abuse, predicted depression and distress. Separate analyses by gender revealed these variables differentially impact adjustment in male and female adolescents. Results of a power analysis indicated sufficient power to detect these differences. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that in addition to child sexual abuse and physical abuse, family conflict and cohesion are risk factors for the development of psychological distress and depression in adolescence. Implications for treatment and directions for future research are discussed.     

Physical Disability,Stigma, and Physical Activity in Children

Using the stereotype content model as a guiding framework, this study explored whether the stigma that able‐bodied adults have towards children with a physical disability is reduced when the child is portrayed as being active. In a 2 (physical activity status) x 2 (ability status) study design, 178 university students rated a child described in one of four vignettes on 12 dimensions of perceived warmth and competence. Results revealed a main effect of ability status on warmth (p < 0.001) such that children with a physical disability were rated significantly higher in perceived warmth than able‐bodied children, regardless of activity status (d = 0.86). Also, there was a significant interaction (p = 0.02) of ability and activity status on perceived competence, indicating that ratings of perceived competence were significantly higher for active children with a physical disability than for all other children (d = 0.54–0.64). Results suggest that physical activity should be explored as a way to mitigate the stigmatisation of children with a physical disability.     

河北省衡水市中学体育现状分析

中学体育是学校体育的重要组成部分,也是全民健身体育及竞技体育的基础。通过对河北省衡水市部分中学体育教学现状进行的调查,发现衡水市有相当比例的中学,体育教学质量令人担忧,这不仅与各校体育教师的师资结构有关,还与体育设施、体育器材上的不足所造成的影响有关。针对所存在的问题,提出了改进建议,希望能为改善河北省衡水市中学体育教学现状提供参考依据。     

Parental perceptions of neighborhood processes,stress, personal control,and risk for physical child abuse and neglect

ObjectiveThis study set out to examine whether mothers’ individual perceptions of their neighborhood social processes predict their risk for physical child abuse and neglect directly and/or indirectly via pathways involving parents’ reported stress and sense of personal control in the parenting role.MethodsIn-home and phone interview data were examined cross-sectionally from a national birth cohort sample of 3,356 mothers across 20 US cities when the index child was 3 years of age. Mothers’ perceptions of neighborhood social processes, parenting stress, and personal control were examined as predictors, and three subscales of the Parent-To-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-PC) were employed as proxies of physical child abuse and neglect risk. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test direct and indirect pathways (via parenting stress and control) from perceived neighborhood processes to proxy measures of physical child abuse and neglect. Multiple group SEM was conducted to test for differences across major ethnic groups: African American, Hispanic, and White.ResultsAlthough perceived negative neighborhood processes had only a mild direct role in predicting risk for physical child abuse, and no direct role on child neglect, these perceptions had a discernable indirect role in predicting risk via parenting stress and personal control pathways. Parenting stress exerted the clearest direct role on both physical abuse and neglect risk. This predictor model did not significantly differ across ethnic groups.ConclusionsAlthough neighborhood conditions may not play a clear directly observable role on physical child abuse and neglect risk, the indirect role they play underscores the importance of parents’ perceptions of their neighborhoods, and especially the role they play via parents’ reported stress and personal control.Practice implicationsSuch findings suggest that targeting parents’ sense of control and stress in relation to their immediate social environment holds particular potential to reduce physical child abuse and neglect risk. Addressing parents’ perceptions of their neighborhood challenges may serve to reduce parenting risk via improving parents’ felt control and stress.     

Physical Self-Concept,Possible Selves,and Well-Being Among Older Adults in Taiwan

Possible selves is an important self-related construct for older adults' health behaviors and well-being. This study examines the relationships among older adults' current physical self-concept, possible selves, and physical activity participation, and it examines the mediating effect of possible selves on the relationships between physical self-concept and well-being. One hundred and sixty-three community-dwelling older adults (M _age = 70.91, SD = 6.39) in Taiwan completed the survey packet assessing physical self concept, possible selves, health-related qualities of life, and life satisfaction. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that older adults' possible selves were positively related to physical self-concept and moderate physical activity participation. In addition, the link between older adults' physical self-concept and psychological well-being was mediated partially by possible selves. The results show the significance of using the construct of possible selves to examine and promote older adults' physical activity/exercise behaviors and psychological well-being.     

Reports of parental maltreatment during childhood in a United States population-based survey of homosexual,bisexual, and heterosexual adults

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to determine the nature and prevalence of childhood maltreatment experiences among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults and to compare findings to those obtained from similar heterosexual adults. METHOD: Data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), which measured both childhood experiences with parental emotional and physical maltreatment and adult sexual orientation, were used to compare childhood maltreatment experiences of 2,917 heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual individuals, age 25-74 years, separately by gender. RESULTS: Homosexual/bisexual men reported higher rates than heterosexual men of childhood emotional and any physical maltreatment (including major physical maltreatment) by their mother/maternal guardian and major physical maltreatment by their father/paternal guardian. In contrast, homosexual/bisexual women, as compared to heterosexual women, reported higher rates of major physical maltreatment by both their mother/maternal guardian and their father/ paternal guardian. Differences among individuals with differing sexual orientations were most pronounced for the more extreme forms of physical maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Adult minority sexual orientation is a risk indicator for positive histories of experiencing parental maltreatment during childhood. While the reasons for this are beyond the scope of the current study, previous research suggests that childhood individual differences, including possibly gender atypicality, may be a causal factor.     

强化体育理论课教学促进体育意识的形成

体育习惯的形成与人的体育知识、健康需求、物质文化生活水平、制度、环境等有着密切的关系，其中体育健康知识对形成体育习惯起到了先导作用，体育的形式、措施、制度、环境等等是形成体育。习惯的必要手段。体育健康知识可促进人们形成体育习惯，加深人们对体育活动的理解，从而使人们进行体育锻炼的目的更加明确．体育锻炼的方法更加科学，向着有利于人体健康的方向发展，提高人们的生活质量。