血清肌酸激酶在游泳运动中的应用

本文通过查阅相关文献,阐述了肌酸激酶,分析了血清肌酸激酶与运动训练的关系,如何利用血清肌酸激酶对游泳运动进行监控以及在利用血清肌酸激酶监控时需要考虑的影响因素。     

肌酸激酶和运动训练

本文综合分析了肌酸激酶及其同工酶与运动训练间的关系 ,对肌酸激酶活性变化的意义和机制进行了探讨。     

篮球运动员大负荷运动训练后血清肌红蛋白与肌酸激酶及其同工酶的变化

为了探索运动员大负荷运动后血清肌红蛋白(Mb)与肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶的变化规律,本文研究了体育学院男子篮球运动员大负荷运动后血清Mb与CK水平的变化.结果发现,血清CK及其同工酶CK-MM在运动后24h出现显著性增加(P＜0.05);血清Mb和CK-MM3%在运动后即刻出现显著性增加(P＜0.05);血清心肌特异性肌钙蛋白(cTNI)在运动前后无显著变化.这些结果表明,运动后血清Mb与CK及其同工酶是来自骨骼肌;运动后血清Mb、CK-MM3%变化可能是比CK及其同工酶CK-MM更敏感的骨骼肌损伤诊断指标.     

血清肌酸激酶的运动训练负荷监控作用研究述评

综述了近年来有关肌酸激酶在运动训练过程中变化情况的研究.肌酸激酶（CK）是运动训练过程中变化比较敏感的指标之一,无论是大强度还是低强度的训练,都会使血清中肌酸激酶的活性产生不同程度的增高.在运动训练实践和运动生理生化研究中,血清肌酸激酶是评定训练负荷最敏感的指标之一,可以用来进行训练负荷的监控.     

抗阻训练引起血清肌酸激酶变化的分析

为探讨抗阻训练后血清肌酸激酶的变化情况,以安徽省优秀男子皮艇运动员为研究对象,进行为期8周的抗阻训练。结果表明,在通过8周抗阻训练后,开始准备阶段,运动员血清CK的活性与正常人无差异;在肌肉肥大训练阶段和肌力训练,血清CK活肚在第1周、第4周都大幅度上升,与准备阶段相比,均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,说明强度为大强度,符合训练目的。随着机体对训练强度的适应,第2、3周和第1周（P〈0．05）、第5周、第6周和第4周（P〈0．05）相比CK活性逐渐降低,说明机体对训练强度产生一定的适应。力量耐力训练阶段,第7、第8周CK酶活性和准备阶段相比,无显著差异（P〉0．05）,说明为一般强度,机体适应该强度。     

运动训练与肌酸激酶研究进展

采用文献资料分析法,综述了近４０年来国内外对肌酸激酶研究的成果和运动训练对血清肌酸激酶活力变化影响的各种因素。研究证明,无论是大强度还是低强度的运动训练,都会使血清中肌酸激酶活性不同程度增高。由于细胞和血液中肌酸激酶的数量差异特别大,因此它是评定肌肉承受负荷刺激的最敏感的指标     

血清肌酸激酶与运动训练控制

随着科技的进步,不同运动项目竞技的科学训练化水平在不断提高,利用科学的手段与特定的生理、生化指标监控运动训练,最大限度地挖掘运动员的内在潜力,已成为广大教练员和科研人员共同的研究方向。CK与能量代谢关系密切,是机体ATP—CP供能系统的关键酶之一,不仅参与肌肉的收缩供能,还参与控制着糖酵解和线粒体。因此,在众多训练监控指标中血清CK成为教练员、科研人员最关注的重要测试指标之一。研究表明,运动与血清肌酸激酶(CK)密切相关,是用于监控和评定训练负荷、机能恢复情况的较敏感指标之一,大强度、大运动量训练或比赛可以导致血清CK显著性升高;随着强度的增加,如果不适应,其运动专项能力就会下降,如果适应,其专项能力会有所突破,CK上升幅度较低的运动员,专项成绩也难提高;血清CK对肌纤维损伤的预警作用;高原训练、营养药物的使用对CK有影响作用。在冬季运动项目、田径、游泳、自行车与其他项目的训练中,训练初期血清CK会有所上升,大负荷训练阶段血清CK和训练负荷呈正相关,且对运动强度的刺激尤为敏感。在训练过程中,教练员和科研人员要及时对运动员的血清CK进行监测,可以防止运动强度过大,导致损伤的发生,提高训练效果。     

运动训练与肌酸激酶及其同工酶研究进展

采用文献资料分析法,综述了近几十年来国内外对肌酸激酶及其同工酶研究的成果和运动训练对血清肌酸激酶及其同工酶活性变化影响的各种因素,并对相关研究进行了展望。研究显示,无论是采用大负荷还是小负荷的运动训练,都会使血清肌酸激酶活性有不同程度的升高,其同工酶也有类似的变化。由于细胞和血液中肌酸激酶及其同工酶数量的显著差异性,使其成为反映肌肉承受负荷刺激,进而评定运动训练适应程度的较为理想的生化指标。     

运动后血清和骨骼肌HSP60的关系及对骨骼肌的保护作用

目的探讨运动后血清、骨骼肌HSP60含量变化、相关关系及其对骨骼肌的保护作用。方法26名成人(15男11女)进行60 min的功率脚踏车运动,运动负荷为70%的最大摄氧量(VO2max)。于运动开始30 min,结束后即刻、1、2、8、244、8 h采集血样、股外侧肌活检,检测HSP60、肌酸激酶骨骼肌同工酶(CK-MM)含量。结果血清HSP60和骨骼肌内HSP60含量变化是一致的,血清CK的变化相比HSP60的变化是上升的晚,下降的早。结论剧烈运动后HSP60在血清及骨骼肌内含量增加,血清HSP60可能是由骨骼肌细胞分泌。     

血清肌酸激酶与骨骼肌损伤关系的探讨

研究目的在于对血清肌酸激酶与骨骼肌损伤之间的关系进行探讨。采用跑台一次性离心运动至力竭的动物模型,48只7周龄雌性大鼠随机分为安静对照组和运动后即刻、1、2、4和7天组,测定血清肌酸激酶活性,同时通过HE染色分析骨骼肌形态学损伤变化。结果显示血清肌酸激酶活性峰值出现在运动后即刻,运动后1天迅速下降。HE染色结果则表明离心运动后骨骼肌损伤呈现延迟性时相特点,在运动后第2天骨骼肌损伤范围达到最大。本实验表明血清肌酸激酶与骨骼肌损伤的变化趋势并不一致,血清肌酸激酶水平不能反映骨骼肌损伤。     

Effect of a marathon run on serum lipoproteins, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in recreational runners

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a marathon run on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and serum muscle enzyme activities and follow their recovery after the run. These blood concentrations were measured before, immediately after, and serially after a marathon run in 15 male recreational runners. The triglyceride level was significantly elevated postrace, then fell 30% below baseline 1 day after the run, and returned to baseline after 1 week. Total cholesterol responded less dramatically but with a similar pattern. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained significantly elevated and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was transiently reduced for 3 days after the run. The total cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio was significantly lowered for 3 days. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly doubled postrace and then declined but remained elevated for 2 weeks. Serum creatine kinase activity peaked 24 hr after the run, with a 15-fold rise, and returned to baseline after 1 week. The rise of these enzymes reflects mechanically damaged muscle cells leaking contents into the interstitial fluid. It is concluded that a prolonged strenuous exercise bout in recreational runners, such as a marathon, produces beneficial changes in lipid blood profiles that are significant for only 3 days. However, muscle damage is also evident for 1 week or more from the dramatic and long-lasting effect on enzyme levels. Laboratory values for these runners were outside normal ranges for some days after the race.     

Changes in bone alkaline phosphatase and procollagen type-1 C-peptide after static and dynamic exercises

We investigated the effects of two types of nonweight-bearing exercise on changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and procollagen type 1 C-peptide (PIP). BAP is a specific marker of bone synthesis, whereas P1P reflects synthesis of type 1 collagen in other organs as well as bone. Eight participants performed static and dynamic unilateral knee extensions. BAP and PIP were measured before, and at 1, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr after exercise. PIP increased at 24 hr after a static knee extension exercise, whereas BAP did not change during the experimental period. We found no changes in these markers after dynamic exercise. These results imply that type I collagen synthesis in tendons increases after static exercise.     

Changes in transverse relaxation time of quadriceps femoris muscles after active recovery exercises with different intensities

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the metabolic state of quadriceps femoris muscles using transverse relaxation time (T2), measured by muscle functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, after inactive or active recovery exercises with different intensities following high-intensity knee-extension exercise. Eight healthy men performed recovery sessions with four different conditions for 20 min after high-intensity knee-extension exercise on separate days. During the recovery session, the participants conducted a light cycle exercise for 20 min using a cycle (50%, 70% and 100% of the lactate threshold (LT), respectively: active recovery), and inactive recovery. The MR images of quadriceps femoris muscles were taken before the trial and after the recovery session every 30 min for 120 min. The percentage changes in T2 for the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles after the recovery session in 50%LT and 70%LT were significantly lower than those in either inactive recovery or 100%LT. There were no significant differences in those for vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles among the four trials. The percentage changes in T2 of rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles after the recovery session in 50%LT and 70%LT decreased to the values before the trial faster than those in either inactive recovery or 100%LT. Those of vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles after the recovery session in 50%LT and 70%LT decreased to the values before the trial faster than those in 100%LT. Although the changes in T2 after active recovery exercises were not uniform in exercised muscles, the results of this study suggest that active recovery exercise with the intensities below LT are more effective to recover the metabolic state of quadriceps femoris muscles after intense exercise than with either intensity at LT or inactive recovery.     

The effect of longer-term creatine supplementation on elite swimming performance after an acute creatine loading

We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3 +/- 16.5 s before vs 43.7 +/- 16.3 s after supplementation; P ? 0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer term creatine supplementation or placebo,neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7 +/-13.5 s before vs 38.7 +/- 14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7 +/- 18.0 s before vs 48.7 +/- 18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group.     

The effect of longer-term creatine supplementation on elite swimming performance after an acute creatine loading

We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3+/-16.5 s before vs. 43.7+/-16.3 s after supplementation; P<0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer-term creatine supplementation or placebo, neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7+/-13.5 s before vs. 38.7+/-14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7+/-18.0 s before vs. 48.7+/-18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group.     

运动后机体能源物质的恢复机制

人体运动离不开能量，运动的全过程是一个不断消耗能量，又不断补充和恢复能量的过程，其中包括磷酸盐(ATP—CP)糖元，蛋白质和脂肪等能量物质的消耗与恢复。因此从理论上分析和掌握各种能源物质恢复过程和代谢产物(乳酸等)的消除问题，这无疑在运动训练中对提高人体机能水平和运动成绩有着重要意义。     

血睾酮水平与一次有氧和无氧运动能力的关系

对67名不同项目的男女运动员有氧和运动前后血睾酮值的变化进行研究,观察到,女运动员运动前血睾酮值越高,其无氧运动能力越强,男运动员在运动前后血睾酮增加值越大,其有氧运动能力就越强;但男女运动员运动中血乳酸值变化与运动前后血睾酮值变化之间无明显关系。     

大学生课余体育锻炼现状的调查分析

课余体育锻炼是学校体育的重要组成部分，也是大学生健康生活方式的重要内容。通过问卷调查、文献资料和数理统计等方法，对大学生课余体育锻炼的现状进行了调查与分析，对调查中反映出来的一些主要问题进行了分析，并有针对性地提出了建议。     

大学生课外体育锻炼调查及其与人格的相关研究

采用问卷调查的方法，随机抽取了在杭两所高校的152名大学生进行大学生课外体育锻炼和人格的调查。调查发现，有大约一半的学生平时几乎不参加体育锻炼，其中女生的比例明显高于男生。性别、年级和专业等是影响大学生课外体育锻炼的重要因素。人格也会对大学生课外体育锻炼产生一定的影响，其中“神经质”和“开放性”的影响作用比较显。根据调查结果，我们应该从不同年级、性别、专业和人格特点的学生的需要和兴趣出发，激发大学生的课外体育锻炼，提高大学生的身心素质。