Problems and Possible Solutions in Reading Comprehension Testing

The paper deals with the problems in reading testing papers. The author proposes some possible solutions, such as covering more cognitive skills being tested, increasing more text types, adding some other testing item types.     

How to conduct External Quality Assessment Schemes for the pre-analytical phase?

In laboratory medicine, several studies have described the most frequent errors in the different phases of the total testing process, and a large proportion of these errors occur in the pre-analytical phase. Schemes for registration of errors and subsequent feedback to the participants have been conducted for decades concerning the analytical phase by External Quality Assessment (EQA) organizations operating in most countries. The aim of the paper is to present an overview of different types of EQA schemes for the pre-analytical phase, and give examples of some existing schemes. So far, very few EQA organizations have focused on the pre-analytical phase, and most EQA organizations do not offer pre-analytical EQA schemes (EQAS). It is more difficult to perform and standardize pre-analytical EQAS and also, accreditation bodies do not ask the laboratories for results from such schemes. However, some ongoing EQA programs for the pre-analytical phase do exist, and some examples are given in this paper. The methods used can be divided into three different types; collecting information about pre-analytical laboratory procedures, circulating real samples to collect information about interferences that might affect the measurement procedure, or register actual laboratory errors and relate these to quality indicators. These three types have different focus and different challenges regarding implementation, and a combination of the three is probably necessary to be able to detect and monitor the wide range of errors occurring in the pre-analytical phase.     

The probabilistic character of relevance

Gebhardt's[1] probabilistic model of relevance is examined and found not to represent adequately some characteristics of the relevance judgement process. An alternative model is proposed, which identifies two different types of “error” or probabilistic variation between relevance judgements. The two types arise from, first, the definition of the boundaries of the relevance classes, and secondly the actual assessment of an individual document on the underlying scale (which is assumed to be a continuum). The problems of quantifying the model, and of assessing its implications for retrieval testing, are discussed.     

几种家具甲醛释放量检测方法的比较研究

分别采用24h气候箱法、直接法和快速测定法进行家具产品中甲醛释放量的无损检测,通过分析测试原理并对测量结果与干燥器法测量数据进行相关性和变异系数分析.结果表明:24h气候箱法是较为准确、合理的无损检测方法,与现行标准干燥器法的测量数据相关性最好;几种无损检测方法中24h气候箱法的变异系数最小,有很好的稳定性和复现性.     

Advancing innovation in the public sector: Aligning innovation measurement with policy goals

There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation.     

面向中小型企业的电子产品测试管理体系研究

在对中小企业的电子产品测试现状调研的基础上,分析了常用的产品测试模型,并与不同规模的产品测试的需求进行了匹配,对产品测试管理体系进行了研究,提出了"基于产品研发生命周期的全测试流程建立","产品测试管理的风险识别与应对"等以系列的改进措施,指出加强产品测试管理是提高产品质量、降低研发成本的重要保证。     

利用遥感和GIS技术监测绍兴县土地利用现状及其制图研究

以遥感影像为原始数据，应用GIS提供的空间分析功能，通过两者的结合，对土地利用的空间分布进行了定量的描述和分析，实现了快速、动态地了解和掌握土地资源的变化情况，为当地政府进行土地资源的管理提供了科学的决策依据。     

How humans obtain information from AI: Categorizing user messages in human-AI collaborative conversations

Although there is an increasingly number of research about the design and use of conversational agents, it is still difficult for conversational agents to completely replace human service. Therefore, more and more companies have adopted human-AI collaborative systems to deliver customer service. It is important to understand how people obtain information from human-AI collaborative conversations. While the existing work relies on self-reported methods to elicit qualitative feedback from users, we have concluded a categorization system for user messages in human-AI collaborative conversations after a thorough examination of a real-world customer service log, which could objectively reflect the user's information needs. We categorize user messages into five categories and 15 specific types related to three high-level intentions. Two annotators independently classified the same set of 1,478 user messages from 300 conversations and reached a moderate consistency. We summarize and report the characteristics of different message types and compare their usage in sessions with only human, AI, or both representatives. Our results show that different message types vary significantly in usage frequency, length, and text similarities with other messages in a session. Also, the frequency of using different message types in our dataset seems consistent over sessions with different types of representatives. But we also observed some significant differences in a few specific message types across the sessions with different representatives. Our results are used to suggest some areas for improvement and future work in human-AI collaborative conversational systems.     

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Slovenia: availability,ethical dilemmas and legislation

Introduction

Over the last few years, many private companies are advertising direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC GT), mostly with no or only minor clinical utility and validity of tests and without genetic counselling. International professional community does not approve provision of DTC GT and situation in some EU countries has been analysed already. The aim of our study was to analyse current situation in the field of DTC GT in Slovenia and related legal and ethical issues.

Materials and methods

Information was retrieved through internet search, performed independently by two authors, structured according to individual private company and the types of offered genetic testing.

Results

Five private companies and three Health Insurance Companies offer DTC GT and it is provided without genetic counselling. Available tests include testing for breast cancer, tests with other health-related information (complex diseases, drug responses) and other tests (nutrigenetic, ancestry, paternity). National legislation is currently being developed and Council of Experts in Medical Genetics has issued an opinion about Genetic Testing and Commercialization of Genetic Tests in Slovenia.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that Slovenia has signed the Additional protocol to the convention on human rights and biomedicine, concerning genetic testing for health purposes, DTC GT in Slovenia is present and against all international recommendations. There is lack of or no medical supervision, clinical validity and utility of tests and inappropriate genetic testing of minors is available. There is urgent need for regulation of ethical, legal, and social aspects. National legislation on DTC GT is being prepared.Key words: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing, DTC, ethics in genetics, legislation     

LED照明户外测试场的控制系统与数据处理

本文介绍了一套在LED照明户外测试场对LED照明灯具进行现场测试的测量控制与数据处理系统。该系统由智能AGV小车、智能小车上的各种测量传感系统、电参数测量系统、光衰测量系统及主控系统构成,该系统为LED照明户外测试提供了较全面的测试数据。     

施工升降机防坠安全器检定后产生噪声的原因分析

施工升降机防坠安全器检定后用户集中反映防坠安全器噪声的问题较突出,用户甚至怀疑检测机构在进行检定时造成了防坠器的损坏,噪声已经成为防坠安全器安全使用中普遍关心的问题。文章就检定后产生噪声的因素进行了分析,提出了控制噪声故障的一些建议。     

软件自动化测试技术研究与工具设计

随着软件行业的蓬勃发展,软件测试已经成为软件质量保证的重要手段。软件测试通常采用手工、自动化测试或二者相结合来开展,自动化测试是软件测试发展的必然结果。面对众多已有的测试工具,自制测试工具有着其独特的优势。介绍了当今自动化软件测试的相关概念,分析了自动化工具的选择,给出了“猴子”自动化测试工具的设计步骤和实现的关键技术。实验表明,设计的“猴子”自动化测试工具可以完成相关程序的自动化测试并能找出Bug,同时也表明了在软件测试中,根据实际情况有针对性地开发自动化测试工具具有一定的现实意义。     

关于我国农村教育结构调整方向的分析

通过计算并比较我国农村各教育阶段各类型教育收益率,得到关于农村教育结构调整方面的一些启示:巩固义务教育阶段的成果,加快提高高中阶段教育的规模和质量,特别是职业教育的发展;在职业教育中,要强调二三产业生产技术教育和第一产业生产技术教育并重.     

PowerBuilder浮点数的存储范围探讨

针对各种PowerBuilder语言文献对浮点数存储及表示范围都没有给出绝对值大小的问题,本文从浮点数的存储结构出发,导出了原码和补码两种表示方法的绝对值大小及精确的数值范围。     

边界元法在试井分析中的应用

近年来随着计算机的高度发展,使较大工作量的数值计算成为可能,因而用数值模拟方法处理具有复杂边界条件的油气测试资料的方法为国内外学者所重视。多年来油藏数值模拟技术的大量应用使人们看到用数值法进行试井分析的希望。早期研究应用的有限差分法和有限元法都有其不足之处,为了寻求更为有效的方法,边界元法走入了人们的视线。本文主要介绍了边界元法的理论及其在试井分析中的应用。     

Preanalytical considerations in blood gas analysis

Blood gas testing is a commonly ordered test in hospital settings, where the results almost always have the potential to dictate an immediate or urgent response. The preanalytical steps in testing, from choosing the correct tests to ensuring the specimen is introduced into the instrument correctly, must be perfectly coordinated to ensure that the patient receives appropriate and timely therapy in response to the analytical results. While many of the preanalytical steps in blood gas testing are common to all laboratory tests, such as accurate specimen labeling, some are unique to this testing because of the physicochemical properties of the analytes being measured. The common sources of preanalytical variation in blood gas testing are reviewed here.     

基于模型驱动的测试架构

如何在确保软件质量的前提下有效缩短上市周期的问题日益显得重要.笔者基于MDT的思路研究出了一种基于模型驱动的自动化测试架构.该架构通过算法直接将UML系统设计模型转换成U2TP测试设计模型,然后由测试设计模型根据测试策略和测试工程方法自动生成测试用例,实现了测试资源重利用和测试活动的前移,从而有效缩短了测试周期.     

Innovation as a vehicle for improving socially vulnerable groups’ access to basic provisions: A research note on the development of a questionnaire module

Reducing inequality and social exclusion is a challenging task that will require a joint effort by all societal stakeholders, including not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. In order to develop and evaluate policy actions in this area, monitoring the contribution of these for-profit and not-for-profit organizations to a more inclusive society becomes crucial. This research note describes the development, cognitive pretesting, and large-scale empirical testing of a module that can be included in (inter)national innovation surveys. The module measures whether not-for-profits’ and for-profits’ innovation activities improve vulnerable groups’ access to basic provisions. It also provides insights in the main drivers for improving beneficiaries’ access to basic provisions through innovation and in the types and numbers of beneficiaries reached. The module was tested in the context of the Community Innovation Survey in Flanders, Belgium.     

自适应随机测试在视频编码领域中的应用

随着视频编码技术的发展,视频输入参数的维度在不断的增加,使得视频编码软件变的测试面临很大的挑战。对于多维输入的软件测试,测试的效率是一个重要的衡量指标。基于自适应随机测试(ART)在多维测试领域的优点。本文分析了视频编码测试遇到的问题,并通过算法的比较分析,最后给出了自适应随机算法IDI-FSCSART在视频编码测试中的应用。     

某任务管理计算机航电系统测试与研究

为了解决某机载任务管理计算机航电系统测试设备对故障的快速定位及故障诊断、隔离问题,对机载计算机航电测试设备的系统结构、硬件、软件进行了分析,阐述了系统测试设备的设计思想及实现方法,最后通过对机载任务管理计算机各模块故障模拟、数据分析,对测试系统设备进行了评价,验证了某机载任务管理计算机测试设备设计的合理性和可靠性,为机载计算机测试系统设计、研发、故障隔离诊断提供借鉴和参考。