面向图书馆数字化转型的数据架构内涵、方法与策略

[目的/意义]数据架构作为一个将数字技术融入业务、实现组织在数字空间发展的方法论框架,是解决图书馆等传统组织在数字空间数字化解构与重组等实际问题,促进数字化转型与智慧化发展的关键。[方法/过程]结合当前图书馆数字化进程中的理论研究与实践现状,首先对数据架构相关概念与定义、功能与目标进行分析,得到图书馆数据架构的内涵;在此基础上,提出了图书馆数据架构的建构方法;最后,系统地探讨了图书馆实施数据架构的路径与策略。[结果/结论]图书馆数据架构主要基于数据思维,通过业务解构和业务重组,实现业务逻辑由物理空间向数字空间的翻译与转化;可通过对关键业务实体、具体场景的数据建模,以及数据流动与整合规划等图书馆数据架构策略,为实现图书馆数字化转型服务。     

人工智能:图书馆应用架构和服务模式的重塑

[目的/意义]开展人工智能分析、研究与应用,可以深入探索馆藏知识结构与读者需求之间的内在规律,图书馆日常业务将逐步被人工智能接管和融合。[方法/过程]针对图书馆核心业务环节,通过图书馆大数据对机器学习应用展开分析,可以确立人工智能图书馆的关键指标以及架构模型。[结果/结论]在充分了解读者需求的基础上,开展更深层次的个性化知识服务。随着人工智能技术在图书馆不同领域的应用,图书馆的应用架构和服务模式,将发生巨大的革命性改变。     

殊途同归：人工智能技术应用企业价值创造模式与机制研究——基于知识基础观视角

基于知识基础观视角,采用多案例研究方法,选取3家不同行业的人工智能技术应用型企业作为案例,探索面临创新技术变革的外部环境,企业如何实现价值创造等相关问题。研究发现：（1）企业应用人工智能技术实现价值创造包含认知迁移和双元能力塑造两个维度,企业通过认知的横向与纵向迁移和应用式与内生式能力塑造实现价值创造;（2）企业价值创造可分为慢变型、先锋型和成长型3类路径模式,不同企业间价值创造模式与机制存在异质性;（3）企业通过内外部合法性地位的获得实现人工智能技术在企业内的稳定发展与扩散。研究结论对于揭示人工智能技术实现价值创造的内在逻辑和企业技术应用决策提供参考。     

大学学报

GIS作为新一代地理学语言的特征The Concept and Characteristics of GIS Language摘要地理学语言是人类理解、研究、表达与传播地理信息的重要工具,它随着人类科学技术的进步与认识水平的提高而不断演进.本文根据地理学语言在结构、功能及其特征方面所发生的变化,结合地理信息本体论、认知论和语言学理论,总结了GIS语言的定义与基本属性,阐述了GIS作为新一代地理学语言的本质特征、结构、功能以及内容体系,明确了其在地理学研究中的地位与作用。     

人工智能在计算机网络技术中的应用

人工智能的优势及具体特征主要体现在模糊信息处理和非线性处理。人工智能在计算机网络技术中的应用主要体现在大数据挖掘和智能防火墙,促进对信息数据的收集和处理能力,增强计算机在处理大量和未知信息数据时的稳定性。文章重点论述了人工智能在网络智能诊断中的应用,从多个角度对计算机网络技术中人工智能技术的具体应用加以分析,以期人们更加深刻地理解人工智能。     

中文科技期刊出版中的人工智能应用研究

【目的】 发现并解决人工智能应用于中文科技期刊出版中的现实问题,促进人工智能更好地赋能中文科技期刊出版全流程。【方法】 通过归纳总结、文献调研、案例分析、逻辑分析等方法,对中文科技期刊出版中的人工智能应用进行界定,梳理现状,指出存在的问题,剖析可能的原因,提出切实可行的发展路径。【结果】 目前存在应用场景单一、技术层次较低、缺乏面向出版单位的系统性和一体化平台、技术需求和供给不匹配等问题,其背后是出版单位重视程度不够、技术服务商进入壁垒较高、底层数据利用不充分、核心人才缺乏这4个方面的原因。出版单位和技术服务商应从坚持需求牵引、加强技术储备、提高数据可用性和加强技术开放、增强应用可信度、提高从业人员人工智能素养这5个方面促进人工智能在中文科技期刊中的应用。【结论】 人工智能在中文科技期刊出版中的应用仍不充分,应进一步加强探索与尝试,未来人工智能可推动中文科技期刊出版业发生更加广泛和深刻的变革。     

空间整合社会科学研究初步探讨

介绍了空间整合社会科学（SISS）的概念和背景，从思想、方法、技术等方面初步讨论了SISS研究的基本思路、方法、特征与案例。SISS研究是以地理学知识为基础，在社会科学的理论与方法中加入空问要素，采用地理信息技术和方法，依赖大量的数据，进行描述性、探索性或解释性研究。SISS研究能够分析、解释一些重大的社会问题，揭示现象或过程背后的机理。最后提出了几点建议。     

浅析GIS的空间分析功能在可持续发展评价中的应用

步入21世纪，GIS向着集成化、产业化和社会化方向迈进，已逐渐成为资源管理，环境管理和政府部门决策的重要手段之一。GIS的空间分析功能为可持续发展提供了方便的空间分析工具，也提高了可持续发展评价的准确性，并可对今后的发展进行预测。本文着重从四个方面论述了GIS的空间分析功能在可持续发展评价中的具体应用。     

GIS与自然地理学的结合与应用

地理信息系统是随着计算机技术发展而形成的一门新兴技术,经过几十年的发展,GIS应用程度和应用范围不断深入扩大,正处于急剧变化与发展之中,其在地理学中的应用正在不断加深。本文从GIS的特点、当前的发展趋势出发,论述GIS与自然地理学的关系及GIS在自然地理学中的应用。     

区域社会经济财产数据空间化方法研究

区域社会经济财产数据空间化具有重要的实践意义。本文以区域社会经济财产数据与不同土地利用类型在空间上的对应关系作为数据空间化的基础，提出了在GIS软件平台上，以与社会经济财产类型空间对应的土地利用类型面积作为权重，通过加权赋值的方法求解社会经济财产数据在对应空间位置上的密度，并应用河南省开封地区的社会经济财产数据进行了案例研究，结果表明该方法能表达区域社会经济财产数据的空间化特征，应用起来方便、快捷，比较适用于宏观的区域经济问题研究与实践。     

The strategic use of artificial intelligence in the digital era: Systematic literature review and future research directions

Artificial Intelligence tools have attracted attention from the literature and business organizations in the last decade, especially by the advances in machine learning techniques. However, despite the great potential of AI technologies for solving problems, there are still issues involved in practical use and lack of knowledge as regards using AI in a strategic way, in order to create business value. In this context, the present study aims to fill this gap by: providing a critical literature review related to the integration of AI to organizational strategy; synthetizing the existing approaches and frameworks, highlighting the potential benefits, challenges and opportunities; presenting a discussion about future research directions. Through a systematic literature review, research articles were analyzed. Besides gaps for future studies, a conceptual framework is presented, discussed according to four sources of value creation: (i) decision support; (ii) customer and employee engagement; (iii) automation; and (iv) new products and services. These findings contribute to both theoretical and managerial perspectives, with extensive opportunities for generating novel theory and new forms of management practices.     

Using peer-to-peer technology for collaborative knowledge management: concepts,frameworks and research issues

As organizations struggle with how to develop and use their inherent expertise, the importance of knowledge management and collaboration has grown in both academic and practitioner communities. This paper outlines a new concept of collaborative knowledge management (CKM), which bridges the two fields. Drawing from literature, we present a conceptual framework for understanding the concepts underlying CKM. Next, this paper explores how a new technology, peer-to-peer (P2P), fits in the CKM paradigm. A discussion on P2P tools and a comparison of these tools with client server tools for enabling the CKM process is presented. P2P has great appeal for CKM because it allows people to work in a more natural fashion. As technology and practitioners needs evolve, it is important to recognize the existence of various CKM levels in the organization. This paper outlines a framework recognizing five different levels. The final section of the paper identifies research themes concerning the use of P2P applications for CKM both within each of the levels and across levels.     

From knowledge theory to management practice: towards an integrated approach

This paper critically contrasts the three main schools of thought on knowledge – namely, those that respectively conceptualize knowledge as situated in mind, process, and object – and assesses the resulting implications for knowledge management (KM). Against the background of the existing diversity of definitions of KM an integrated and holistic view of the KM value chain is put forward. Within this theoretical framework five main research streams (culture, knowledge location, awareness, evaluation, and absorption) are identified with a view to devising a practical concept of KM applicable in a business context. With a focus on knowledge flow and detailed approaches to potential solutions, conflicts and compatibilities between existing business strategies and KM are examined. A conceptual model is devised to offer a holistic integration of the theoretical and practical themes in order to serve as a framework for developing a future research agenda for the development of theoretically grounded, yet practical, KM business tools and applications.     

基于GIS的数字图书馆:原理及应用

对于空间属性很强的信息资源，传统的基于文本的数字图书馆并不能对其进行很好的组织、存储和展示。本文针对这一现实，讨论了地理信息系统(GIS)的基本原理，分析了基于GIS的数字图书馆的构架，并探讨了其在古籍数字图书馆、空间信息数字图书馆以及文化地图数字图书馆中的应用。     

母子公司管理度剖析——基于情境的知识转移研究视角

本文从知识的视角,把母子公司关系看成是相互间知识转移的关系,在此前提下运用基于情境的知识转移分析框架,来剖析母子公司管理度,从而为解决这一管理问题提供新的研究思路和方法。     

信息技术与企业隐性知识的管理

知识已成为企业获取可持续竞争优势的最有力的武器。没有知识，任何企业都难以生存并赖以构建核心竞争力。信息技术对企业的知识管理起着很大作用，但信息技术对知识管理有局限性。本文讨论了知识的重要性与信息技术投资的结果、信息技术与知识管理特别是隐性知识管理的关系并给出了一个信息技术与知识管理和企业可持续竞争优势构建之间的概念性框架及启示。     

Geographical information systems as part of the corporate information strategy

In the past, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used and developed by small groups of professionals within organizations, for example, town planners within local authorities. Champions from such enthusiastic groups have made enormous contributions to the development of working GIS in practice. However, GIS implementations that are ad hoc developments primarily designed to improve the operations of the organization are potentially underutilizing the benefits of GIS. In business applications GIS must be seen as another potential tool. Managers need to see GIS among a range of management support tools, in a way that other information systems might be viewed. The integration of GIS into corporate information systems is vital for gaining the maximum benefit from the information resources of the organization. The paper explores issues such as: How can GIS be integrated into the information strategy? What are the benefits of such an integration? The paper puts forward a framework for considering GIS within the corporate information strategy.     

智能制造产业政策工具优化路径研究 ——基于我国31部国家政策的文本分析

随着世界范围内新一轮科技革命和产业变革的兴起,制造业正朝着智能化、柔性化、集成化的方向转变,智能制造产业应运而生,日益成为未来制造业发展的主要趋势。借助政策工具理论,建立政策文本二维分析框架,通过对31份中国国家层面颁布的智能制造产业政策文本的研究,探究我国智能制造产业政策工具的现存问题以提出优化我国智能制造产业政策工具的路径。研究结论如下:优化政策工具结构,完善政策工具配合机制;促进政策工具在智能制造产业发展阶段中的合理使用。     

The role of technology in intelligence practice: linking the developer and the user perspectives

Technology has penetrated the social fabric of security practices so deeply that it is often used without much reflection on its role, significance and implications. This naturalisation of technology makes it difficult for practitioners to develop their own vision of technology. They may become subject to the coercive power of technology, and appropriate the narrow technological paradigm embodied in their tools. This, in turn, makes it difficult for technology developers to understand practitioner needs and to assess the transformative potential of technology. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for understanding the role of technology in intelligence. The focus is on the technological capabilities supporting an analysis of sociocultural processes related to so‐called ‘new threats’. The two main problems in intelligence nowadays are deciding what data are relevant and how they should be analysed. The major issue is not the collection of information, but turning information into knowledge and action. Accordingly, the practitioner thinking about technological tools can be usefully informed by the concept of technology as a mediator between areas of knowledge production and consumption. This concept highlights technology’s ability to affect intelligence analysts’ understanding of threats, identification of data sources and information gaps, and their interaction with colleagues and consumers of intelligence products.     

Knowledge creation processes as critical enablers for innovation

Knowledge conversion is a prominent theme within the knowledge management field and the question arises how knowledge creation processes can grow innovation capability maturity. This notion provides the platform for aligning knowledge creation processes to the requirements for innovation capability growth from one maturity level to the next. In order to achieve this alignment, the authors identified a knowledge creation path as a key enabler for maturity growth in each innovation capability area. Knowledge management tools and organisational facilitating conditions that support the specific knowledge processes highlighted in the identified path were identified through a literature study and subsequently synthesised to form a framework. This framework provides guidelines for the use of knowledge creation processes as a vehicle to improve innovation. The amount of time needed to practically test the framework does not allow for the practical implementation of the framework and the impact of the framework was demonstrated by discussing a practical organisational scenario.