A reading-level match study of phonemic processes underlying reading disabilities in a transparent orthography

The current study examined the relationship in Spanish (i.e., a transparent orthography) between different levels of phonological awareness and reading disabilities. In addition, the strategies used by the children when they resolved phoneme segmentation and reversal tasks were analyzed. A sample of 133 subjects were selected and organized in three different groups: (1) A group of 45 reading-disabled children, (2) A comparison group of 44 normal readers matched in age with the reading disabled, and (3) A reading level match group of 44 younger normal readers at the same reading level as the reading disabled. Three phonological awareness tasks were used to measure levels of intrasyllabic and phonemic awareness. The reading disabled group was equivalent to the younger reading level-matched control group in the odd-word-out task. However, there were differences in the phonemic tasks (e.g., phoneme segmentation and reversal) because the reading disabled group performed more poorly than the younger children. Overall, the children matched in age with the reading disabled group were superior in all phonological awareness tasks. There were differences between the groups when the strategies used by the children were analyzed.     

Effects of fluency, oral language, and executive function on reading comprehension performance

Reading disability (RD) typically consists of deficits in word reading accuracy and/or reading comprehension. While it is well known that word reading accuracy deficits lead to comprehension deficits (general reading disability, GRD), less is understood about neuropsychological profiles of children who exhibit adequate word reading accuracy but nevertheless develop specific reading comprehension deficits (S-RCD). Establishing the underlying neuropsychological processes associated with different RD types is essential for ultimately understanding core neurobiological bases of reading comprehension. To this end, the present study investigated isolated and contextual word fluency, oral language, and executive function on reading comprehension performance in 56 9- to 14-year-old children [21 typically developing (TD), 18 GRD, and 17 S-RCD]. Results indicated that TD and S-RCD participants read isolated words at a faster rate than participants with GRD; however, both RD groups had contextual word fluency and oral language weaknesses. Additionally, S-RCD participants showed prominent weaknesses in executive function. Implications for understanding the neuropsychological bases for reading comprehension are discussed.

基于育人价值取向的高中英语阅读教学设计探索

英语学科育人价值指向与发展学生的学科核心素养,落实了立德树人的根本任务。在高中英语教学中,教师应当在教学设计中渗透情感、态度、价值观的培养,实现育人价值观。本文结合2019版普通高中英语(译林版)新教材为教学实例,旨在探讨育人价值取向的内涵,结合江苏版译林版牛津新教材特点,探索课堂中结合语篇阅读中实施育人价值取向的教学设计和教学运用。     

浅议新教材下化学素养的培养

对学生进行化学素养教育,可以扩展他们的眼界,激发他们对科学世界的兴趣和求知欲望,提高他们的注意力、观察能力、记忆力、想象力和语言表达能力.     

Does school average achievement explain the effect of socioeconomic status on math and reading interest? A test of the Information Distortion Model

Based on the Information Distortion Model (IDM), we hypothesized higher academic interest among low socioeconomic (SES) Australian children compared to equally able high SES Australian children. We extend the IDM in two ways. First, the IDM is a model of school selection and thus empirical evidence of its effect needs to come from a model that controls for achievement prior to school selection. Second, the mechanism of the IDM is presumed to be the big-fish-little-pond-effect (BFLPE), which has not been tested. We used a longitudinal representative sample of first-year high-school students (age ~12, N = 2507). We linked student high-school survey data to the whole of school and individual student administrative records of achievement from high-stakes national standardized tests in elementary and high-school. Our results were consistent with IDM for math interest but more mixed for reading interest, suggesting that additional processes may be in operation.     

Blending versus whole word approaches in first grade remedial reading: Short-term and delayed effects on reading and spelling words

Twelve very poor readers in May of first grade, including four withdisabilities, were randomly assigned to one of two daily tutoring conditions designed to teach children to read regularly spelled short words by one of two methods: blending sounds to form words, or cumulative introduction of whole words. Both treatments included letter/sound correspondences and spelling words in the reading set. At the end of ten sessions, no differences were found between the treatment outcomes; however, delayed posttests one week later found differences favoring the blending treatment on reading and spelling instructional words, and on transfer to words composed of known letter sounds.     

3年级汉语阅读障碍儿童的诊断及其特征分析--"听力理解-阅读理解差异诊断模式"初探

本研究探索性地运用“听力理解—阅读理解差异模式”诊断汉语阅读障碍儿童,并在中文文字系统内对该模式的理论基础和实证效力进行了验证。研究结果表明,阅读成份理论适用于中文文字系统;“听力理解—阅读理解差异诊断模式”能够有效确定不同阅读障碍儿童的主要缺陷:解码、理解以及混合成分,这利于之后的教育矫治。     

Are reading difficulties associated with bullying involvement?

Reading difficulties (RDs) are easily noticed by classmates, may cause frustration in the affected students, and are often accompanied by emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems at school. Although interviews with students with RDs have revealed bullying experiences, whether RDs actually increase the risk of bullying involvement has not been investigated before. We tested the association of self-reported RDs with peer-reported involvement in bullying in a nationally representative sample of 17,188 students (grades 3–8) from 1045 classrooms in 147 schools. Results indicated that experienced difficulties in the most fundamental learning skill seem to put students at risk especially for victimization at school (viewed by peers as victims and bully/victims), when gender, level of schooling, self-esteem, and difficulties in math were taken into account. In general, over a third of students with RDs were involved in bullying as victims, bullies, or bully/victims, compared with approximately a fifth of students without RDs.     

小学数学学习困难儿童的工作记忆广度研究

对数学学习困难儿童的工作记忆广度进行研究,结果发现数学学习困难儿童在言语和视觉空间工作记忆广度上都显著低于正常儿童,但这种不足主要是一种发展的延迟。对有无伴随阅读困难的数学学习困难儿童进行比较,发现二者的言语和视觉空间工作记忆广度都没有表现出显著差异。     

Delivering reading intervention to the poorest children: The case of Liberia and EGRA-Plus,a primary grade reading assessment and intervention

As governments, donors and implementation organisations re-focus Education for All Goals in terms of quality of education, increasing concerns have been raised over low literacy levels in developing countries. This paper provides key learning from the application of an early reading intervention applied in post-conflict Liberia, which included a robust assessment tool (Early Grade Reading Assessment) to measure the impact of the programme on students’ reading levels. A rationale for the design and methodology applied by the two implementing organisations (Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and Concern Worldwide) is provided, situated within the Liberian education context. The paper demonstrates the positive impact on programme quality, contextual relevancy and scale-up that a diagnostic baseline assessment has when linked to a tailored literacy intervention. Lessons learnt are presented to guide the identification of best practice in early literacy interventions at national-level and internationally.     

学力调查若干问题探析

自“日本学生学习能力降低了”这一问题提出以来,日本社会各界对实施学力调查的目的、方法等提出了质疑。基于真实性评价的观点,实施学力调查需要慎重考虑诸如学力模式、学力结构以及学力调查的社会环境等多种因素。通过比较分析可以看到,尽管“TIMSS2003”、“PISA2003”和“国研调查2003”三次学力调查所设计的学力模式有所不同,但都是为了更好地实现真实性评价目标进行的创新性尝试。究竟何种学力调查能更好地体现真实性评价,还需要在教育实践中进一步探索。