From ITPA Language Profiles to the Componential Analysis of Early Reading Processes

This paper discusses the role of phonological and morphological processing in learning to read and spell. It is also a personal reflection on the author's research program in these areas for nearly 30 years, moving from language profiles of children with special needs to componential analysis of reading and spelling. Several studies on the effect of morphological processing on reading and spelling are outlined. It is suggested that the trend is towards a cross-linguistic framework and studies of psycholinguistic and neurocognitive levels of reading processes.     

Why the Simple View of Reading Is Not Simplistic: Unpacking Component Skills of Reading Using a Direct and Indirect Effect Model of Reading (DIER)

Pathways of relations of language, cognitive, and literacy skills (i.e., working memory, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, inference, comprehension monitoring, word reading, and listening comprehension) to reading comprehension were examined by comparing four variations of direct and indirect effects model of reading. Results from 350 English-speaking second graders revealed that language and cognitive component skills had direct and indirect relations to listening comprehension, explaining 86% of variance. Word reading and listening comprehension completely mediated the relations of language and cognitive component skills to reading comprehension and explained virtually all the variance in reading comprehension. Total effects of component skills varied from small to substantial. The findings support the direct and indirect effects model of reading model and indicate that word reading and listening comprehension are upper-level skills that are built on multiple language and cognitive component skills, which have direct and indirect relations among themselves. The results underscore the importance of understanding nature of relations.     

Neuroimaging Studies of Reading Development and Reading Disability

Converging evidence from a number of neuroimaging studies, including our own, suggest that fluent word identification in reading is related to the functional integrity of two left hemisphere posterior systems: a temporo-parietal system and a ventral occipito-temporal system. These posterior systems are functionally disrupted in developmental dyslexia. Reading disabled, relative to nonimpaired, readers demonstrate heightened reliance on both inferior frontal and right hemisphere posterior regions, presumably in compensation for the LH posterior difficulties. We propose a neurobiological account suggesting that for normally developing readers the temporo-parietal system predominates at first, and is associated with aspects of processing critical in learning to integrate orthography with phonological and lexical-semantic features of printed words. The occipito-temporal system, by contrast, constitutes a fast, late-developing, word-identification system that underlies fluent word recognition in skilled readers.     

Componential skills of beginning writing: An exploratory study

The present study examined the components of end of kindergarten writing, using data from 242 kindergartners. Specifically of interest was the importance of spelling, letter writing fluency, reading, and word- and syntax-level oral language skills in writing. The results from structural equation modeling revealed that oral language, spelling, and letter writing fluency were positively and uniquely related to writing skill after accounting for reading skills. Reading skill was not uniquely related to writing once oral language, spelling, and letter writing fluency were taken into account. These findings are discussed from a developmental perspective.     

Reading and Integrated Literacy Strategies (RAILS): An Integrated Approach to Early Reading

The goal of this project was to develop and test the efficacy of a research-based early reading program that provided integrated reading instruction in kindergarten through 2nd grade. The Reading and Integrated Literacy Strategies (RAILS) program provided integrated instruction in word reading, vocabulary development, and comprehension to students in regular and self-contained special education classes in 2 schools serving low-income populations. Teachers provided explicit instruction in the alphabetic principle, phonemic analysis, word reading, vocabulary development, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension. Classes were organized so students received 2 periods of reading instruction daily, a longer morning period of instruction and a shorter afternoon review of instruction. The students in the RAILS program had significantly higher performance on standardized reading and language achievement tests, as well as on individually administered tests of phonemic awareness and reading fluency. The implications for research-based instructional practice that integrates instruction in word reading, vocabulary, and comprehension are discussed.     

阅读与阅读测试研究概述

阅读是人们获取信息的重要手段之一。阅读测试是语言测试的一个重要部分。介绍阅读的有关理论、阅读测试的设计原则和题型以及与阅读、阅读测试有关的实证研究，可以促进对我国各种英语考试中阅读测试的研究，改进我们的测试和教学。     

Construction and Initial Validation of the Chinese Reading Motivation Questionnaire

This paper describes the development and initial validation of a Chinese reading motivation questionnaire (CRMQ) which was designed to assess Chinese students' reading motivation in Hong Kong. The development of the CRMQ consisted of two steps. In the first study, groups of items were constructed based on achievement motivation theories and existing instruments. The initial version of the CRMQ was administered to a small group of Grade 7 students in Hong Kong and exploratory factor analysis, item‐total correlation, and reliability analyses were carried out to assess its psychometric quality. The CRMQ was then revised and administered to a larger sample of Grade 7 students in the second study. Findings of confirmatory factor analysis provided further validation for the proposed factor structure of the revised questionnaire. In addition, findings indicated that students' reading motivation was positively related to their strategy use, reading comprehension, and academic achievement. The findings of this study could enrich our understanding of Chinese reading motivation among Hong Kong students. Implications of these findings for implementing effective reading instruction in Chinese language teaching are also discussed.     

相互作用模式及其对外语阅读教学的启示

本通过分析、比较外语阅读理论中三大流行模式．的优势，又克服了这两个模式的局限，体现了对阅读的本质认识。式运用于课堂教学的具体措施。认为相互作用模式既保留了自下而上模式和自上而下模式并从自下而上和自上而下技能的各个方面提出相互作用模     

Pedagogy of Validation: Autobiographical Reading and Writing Courses for First-Year,Low-Income Students

Innovative Higher Education - This embedded case study leveraged Rendón’s (1994) validation theory as well as theories connecting self-reflection and transformative learning (e.g.,...     

网络阅读和传统阅读教学模式双结合研究

通过对比实验、问卷调查、水平测试及教师访谈等方法,分析教学相关理论和阅读教学实验的过程,揭示网络阅读和传统阅读两种教学模式相结合的优势。结果表明,在网络化教学出现、普及的环境下,强调教师主导作用和学生主体地位有机统一的混合学习方法具有重要的实践意义。     

Components of Reading Ability: Multivariate Evidence for a Convergent Skills Model of Reading Development

The objectives of this series of 3 studies were (a) to evaluate whether French-speaking children mainly use phonological mediation in the first stage of reading acquisition in a silent-reading task and (b) to examine the role of phonological processing in the construction of the orthographic lexicon. Forty-eight French children were followed from kindergarten to the end of Grade 2. Their phonological skills were assessed using a semantic categorization task with homophone and visual foils (Study 1); their orthographic skills were assessed using a choice task involving a correct exemplar, a homophone, and a visual foil (Study 2). In the semantic categorization task, the differences between the visual and homophone foils increased with time, as the homophone foils were more and more likely to be chosen. In the orthographic choice task, performance improved with time, but errors were more likely to involve homophone foils. The results obtained by two subgroups of children who differed in their level of orthographic expertise at the end of Grade 2 (Study 3) indicated that, 1 year earlier (at the end of Grade I), the future "expert" spellers were more likely than the future "poor" spellers to use phonological processing in silent reading (semantic categorization task). Moreover, in Grade 1, future expert spellers' phonological skills in reading aloud and in spelling from dictation (pseudoword tasks) were better than those of future poor spellers, and future expert spellers also had better phonological awareness skills at the beginning of the last year of kindergarten. These results suggest that French-speaking children use phonological mediation in silent-reading tasks and that phonological processing contributes to the construction of the orthographic lexicon.     

Reading videogames as (authorless) literature

This article presents the outcomes of research, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council in England and informed by work in the fields of new literacy research, gaming studies and the socio‐cultural framing of education, for which the videogame L. A. Noire was studied within the orthodox framing of the English literature curriculum at A level (pre‐university) and undergraduate (degree level) in the United Kingdom. A mixed methods approach was adopted. Firstly, students contributed to a gameplay blog requiring them to discuss their in‐game experience through the ‘language game’ of English literature, culminating in answering a question constructed with the idioms of the subject's set text ‘final examination’. Secondly, students taught their teachers to play L. A. Noire, with free choice over the context for this collaboration. Thirdly, participants returned to traditional roles to work through a set of study materials, designed to reproduce the conventions of the ‘study guide’ for literature education. Fourthly, interviews were conducted after each phase. The interviews informed a redrafting of the study materials, which are now available online for teachers. In the act of inserting the study of L. A. Noire into the English literature curriculum as currently framed, this research raises epistemological questions about ‘subject identity’, and the implications for digital transformations of texts for ideas about cultural value in schooled literacy and also the politics of ‘expertise’ in pedagogic relations.     

阅读教学模式在英语专业阅读课中的应用

教学模式是一种相对稳定而又简单的教学结构,采用合适的教学模式有利于提高教学质量,培养学生独立自主学习的能力。本文研究了国内外主要的阅读教学模式,并列举出我国英语专业阅读课目前所采用的教学模式,分析其存在的一些问题。     

“限度”的意识——“我的阅读史”之五

情绪的限度 1983年春天,也就是大家称为“新时期”的那些日子,我在中文系开设“近年诗歌评述”的选修课,内容是文革后中国大陆的诗歌创作和思潮。当时,黄子平、季红真、张志忠正跟着谢冕先生读当代文学硕士,由于教学计划里有3个学分的“教学实习”,谢冕便要他们来听我的课,并在课上各讲一个题目。黄子平、     

英语阅读策略研究回顾

阅读策略是学习者在阅读中为了充分理解文本进行猜测,确认和解决问题的过程中的一种认知活动,是学习策略研究的一个重要领域。本研究旨在总结近些年来国内外英语阅读策略使用研究的成果与发现,并对研究进行分类。国外研究归纳为三类,对比性研究,相关性研究和策略使用与个体差异的研究;国内研究分为元认知意识与阅读相关性研究及阅读策略的对比性研究两类。并在此基础上总结了国内外阅读策略研究的主要特点,最后指出了该领域未来的研究方向。     

朗读的层次性研究

本文从新修订的小语大纲切入，研究了感知层次的读，感悟层次的读，积累层次的读，以及这种教法的价值。     

国外关于亲子分享阅读及其影响因素的研究综述

亲子分享阅读是20世纪80年代以来国外关于儿童早期阅读研究的一个热点话题。国外已有研究表明亲子分享阅读有助于儿童语言能力的发展，其作用受到家庭经济文化背景、父母孩子互动质量、儿童自身特征及文章类型等因素的影响。国外已有研究有其不足之处。同时也预示了今后的发展趋势。