A Developmental Framework for Counseling Supervision

Four models of supervision—counseling/therapeutic, teaching, consulting, and self-supervising—have been identified, but no one model adequately describes the total supervision process. The authors propose a comprehensive developmental framework that incorporates the four supervision models. The framework reflects the changes that occur during supervision and offers the supervisor and the trainee a means of conceptualizing the developmental stages of supervision. Professionalization occurs during supervision as the trainee assumes greater responsibility for the content of supervision and learns how to be a self-supervisor.     

A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Supervision Effectiveness

The authors attempt to bridge the gap between the research literature on supervision and its application to evaluating individual supervisor effectiveness. A conceptual framework is presented for making decisions about evaluation. In this framework the decision maker is directed to consider three issues—the purpose of evaluation, the developmental stage of the counselor, and the focus of evaluation—in selecting measures of effectiveness. Within this context, some promising measures of supervision effectiveness are discussed, and methods for linking changes in supervisee functioning to supervisor interventions are considered.     

规范监理市场提高监理成效

在市场经济条件下,监理行业的竞争日益激烈。但是,由于市场不规范,监理事业始终处于一种低水平发展趋势,监理工作大多维持在成本线以下运转,给监理“三控”(质量控制、工期控制、投资控制)工作带来很多不便,大大削弱了“控制”,“协调”等职能,长期下去必将产生恶性循环,影响工程质量,影响工程投资效益,影响工程的按时完成,进而防碍监理事业的健康发展。本文就规范监理市场行为、提高监理成效方面谈几点看法并提出解决问题的途径和方法,以期提高建设管理水平,完善建设项目管理体制,推进监理事业向着健康和规范化方向发展。     

Supervisory Working Alliance: A Model Providing Direction for College Counseling Supervision

This article presents an overview of the Supervisory Working Alliance Model (E. S. Bordin, 1983) and related research. The author proposes an extension of the model by applying it to evaluation and multicultural competency. The following major advantages of the model for supervision in college counseling centers are discussed: (a) model's transtheoretical nature, (b) model's compatibility with alternate models, (c) model's conduciveness toward multiculturally competent supervision, and (d) model's utility in evaluation.     

The Relationship of Supervisory Experience, Counseling Experience, and Training in Supervision to Supervisory Identity Development

The relationship between supervisory identity development and supervisory experience, counseling experience, and training in supervision was examined for Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) members. Analyses indicated that supervisory experience and training were related to supervisory identity development, whilst counseling experience was not. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the importance of supervisor credentials.     

A Practical Guide to Informed Consent in Clinical Supervision

Informed consent in clinical supervision should be explicitly addressed. Areas to be covered in a written statement and suggestions for discussing informed consent in an initial supervision session are given.     

国家监察委员会之权力监督优越性探析

社会主义法治建设必然要解决权力监督的问题,监察体制改革正是应对此问题的重大举措。从西方三权分立的演化进程,客观分析三权分立的历史进步性和制度局限性,得出议行合一的全国人民代表大会制度的制度优势结论,并顺势阐发了在全国人大框架内组建的监察委员会,在权力监督方面的制度优越性,从而坚定推进监察体制改革的信心。     

关于教学督导机制的认识论

实施教学督导制既是高等院校深化教学改革,促进教学管理,提高教学质量的创新举措,也是保障高等教育健康有序发展的充分条件．本文从认识论的视角,梳理教学督导行为在高等教育管理框架中的功能机制和结构关系,并且从一个侧面指出了不良督导行为是如何导致教学评价偏失的原因．同时,作者认为高校教学督导未来的发展将趋向多元化、主体化和开放式的研究型模式．     

A Multimethod Model for Practicum and Clinical Supervision in Nursing Homes

Nursing homes are an increasingly important setting for gerontological counseling. This article portrays a multimethod approach to counselor training and supervision in nursing homes.     

Clinical Supervision of International Supervisees: Suggestions for Multicultural Supervision

An increase of international students in various settings has been noted in a range of disciplines including counseling and other mental health professions. The author examined the literature on international counseling students related to their experiences in counseling training, particularly in supervision. From the counseling literature, five different themes were identified: (i) acculturation and cultural difference, (ii) language barriers, (iii) social isolation, (iv) cultural perceptions of the profession and transferability, and (v) multicultural discussions. In addition, a critical lens is provided to situate the literature through a holistic and ecological perspective.     

The ICAP Framework: Linking Cognitive Engagement to Active Learning Outcomes

This article describes the ICAP framework that defines cognitive engagement activities on the basis of students’ overt behaviors and proposes that engagement behaviors can be categorized and differentiated into one of four modes: Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive. The ICAP hypothesis predicts that as students become more engaged with the learning materials, from passive to active to constructive to interactive, their learning will increase. We suggest possible knowledge-change processes that support the ICAP hypothesis and address the limitations and caveats of the hypothesis. In addition, empirical validation for the hypothesis is provided by examining laboratory and classroom studies that focus on three specific engagement activities: note taking, concept mapping and self-explaining. We also consider how ICAP can be used as a tool for explaining discrepant findings, dictate the proper choice of a control condition, and evaluate students’ outputs. Finally, we briefly compare ICAP to existing theories of learning.     

国有企业监督制度“稻草人”现象——一个制度协调理论架构

国有企业是我国经济社会生活中的重要力量,为了保证国有企业的健康有效运行,在相关部门的推动下,一系列的国有企业监督制度已建立。但已有文献的研究表明,监督制度的实施效果并不理想,出现了国有企业监督制度的"稻草人"现象。实际上,制度由非正式规则、正式规则和实施机制构成,正式规则提供了一个意愿制度供给,而正式规则的执行才能产生实际制度供给,而制度的执行状况又是由非正式规则、正式规则和执行机制之间的协调决定的。国有企业外部监督制度是基于外部相关党政部门的意愿,体现这些相关部门的监督意愿,是一种强制性制度供给。国有企业内部监督制度在绝大多数情形下是在外部相关党政部门的要求下才建立起来的,体现的也是外部相关党政部门的监督意愿。总体来说,国有企业监督制度体现的是外部相关党政部门的监督意愿,是强制性制度供给。国有企业不缺乏监督制度,强化国有企业监督不能从增加监督制度这个角度来考虑。更重要的是要建立监督制度的实施机制,而建立这种实施机制的主要路径是改变监督者和被监督者的成本收益,使得执行监督制度成为对监督者和被监督者都是有益的;同时,使得执行制度的个体成本收益与社会成本收益实现方向一致。通过这种改变,使得执行制度者得益,而不执行制度者受损。     

从清障监理看监理的重要作用

本文结合某工程清除地下大型障碍物的实践,论述监理工程师为业主提供技术服务、取得了缩短工期、降低工程造价的效果,说明工程监理的重要作用。     

Teaching for Social Justice and K-12 Student Outcomes: A Conceptual Framework and Research Review

Redressing educational inequity requires taking a comprehensive and systemic approach to education reform, a practice increasingly framed as “social justice (in) education.” However, while state and federal accountability mandates require any reform intended for K-12 classroom implementation to have a demonstrable impact on student achievement, published accounts of classroom-level “teaching for social justice” are widely varied and scantly evaluated. This article examines the conceptual foundations of teaching for social justice, presents a concrete framework for teaching for social justice in K-12 classrooms, and examines how elements of teaching for social justice are supported by existing research on secondary students’ academic, behavioral/motivational, and attitudinal outcomes. In conducting this review, the author hopes to provide both a rationale for teaching for social justice in K-12 classrooms and a foundation for future empirical research on how doing so affects student outcomes.     

Utilizing Motivational Interviewing to Address Resistant Behaviors in Clinical Supervision

Motivational interviewing is presented as an approach to address resistant behaviors in clinical supervision. A case example is used to illustrate the process in which the relational and technical elements of motivational interviewing can be applied to supervisee resistance. Implications for supervisors and researchers are discussed.     

Supervisor Malpractice: Liability to the Supervisee in Clinical Supervision

Legal liability of supervisors to supervisees beyond the principles of respondeat superior or vicarious liability was explored. After defining 4 widely accepted elements of malpractice, it was determined that each of the 4 elements could be applied in the supervisory relationship.     

从理论到实践：临床心理督导研究综述

临床心理督导,是提升心理健康专业人员工作能力的必要手段,也是解决职业化问题的必然路径。本文在对临床心理督导的概念内涵进行分析的基础上,梳理了心理督导的发展脉络,介绍了当前心理督导的主要的几种理论模式以及操作实施的过程,并对心理督导中的伦理道德问题进行了初步探讨。