Exposure to HIV/AIDS-Related Media Content and HIV Testing Intention: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction

Despite considerable evidence of an association between mass communication efforts and HIV testing behavior, the mechanisms through which this association may be established have been less extensively studied. Drawing on the integrative model of behavioral prediction, this study assessed the relationship between exposure to HIV/AIDS-related media content, individual intention to be tested for HIV, and the psychosocial variables mediating the relationship among 986 urban and rural residents of northwest Ethiopia. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between exposure to HIV/AIDS-related media content and HIV testing intention was partially mediated by the three psychosocial variables associated with the integrative model (attitude, normative, and self-efficacy beliefs). However, whereas exposure to HIV/AIDS media content was found to be associated most substantially with attitudes toward HIV testing, intention to be tested was found mainly to be influenced by normative beliefs, which suggests that there is a possible mismatch between mass media programming and the prevailing psychosocial processes within the study population. The relationship between exposure to HIV/AIDS-related media content and HIV testing intention was also found to be mediated differently across urban and rural groups. Thus, it appears that the two groups may require different types of intervention to promote the desired behavior.     

高校移动图书馆服务质量影响因素探究——基于ANP-模糊综合评判法

[目的/意义]针对当前移动图书馆服务质量评价的不足,提出一种新的移动图书馆服务质量评价体系,引导移动图书馆提供有针对性、高质量的信息服务。[方法/过程]基于文献研究和专家访谈,结合高校移动图书馆服务特征,构建4个准则维度和13个子维度的高校移动图书馆服务质量多维度评价体系。采用网络分析法(ANP)对各级影响因素的相对重要性权重进行估计。通过问卷调查收集数据,对西安某高校移动图书馆服务质量进行分层次的模糊综合评判,多角度评估该校移动图书馆服务质量水平。[结果/结论]结果表明,信息质量是最重要的准则维度,有用性和丰富性是最为关键的子准则维度。运用ANP和模糊综合评判方法构建高校移动图书馆服务质量评价体系和权重估计具有较好的适用性,同时也可为提升移动图书馆服务质量水平提供借鉴。     

媒介信息素养对知识创新意愿影响的实证研究

[目的/意义]旨在深化媒介信息素养在新媒体环境下知识创新中的应用,为科研团队利用新媒体进行知识创新提供实践层面的指导。[方法/过程]从媒介信息素养角度分析信息需求意识、新媒体技术应用能力和数据信息整合能力对知识创新意愿的影响,采用问卷调查和实证研究相结合的方法分析检验所构建的理论模型。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,信息需求意识、新媒体技术应用能力和数据信息整合能力对知识创新意愿均产生正向影响作用。情境感知在信息需求意识、新媒体技术应用能力和数据信息整合能力对知识创新意愿的影响作用中都有调节作用。     

新媒体环境下用户信息交互意愿影响因素与实证——以汽车新媒体为例

[目的/意义]随着新媒体技术的快速发展,利用新媒体平台与用户进行信息交互成为很多企业或组织了解用户需求和获取消费行为规律的新渠道,在信息交互过程中哪些因素影响到用户的交互意愿对企业有效服务消费者和挖掘消费者需求有重大的意义。[方法/过程]以用户感知价值接受模型为基础,基于信息生态理论建立新媒体环境下用户信息交互意愿的影响因素概念模型,并以汽车行业新媒体交互平台为研究样本,通过问卷调查和结构方程进行实证研究以验证模型的有效性。[结果/结论]数据结果表明,外部变量对新媒体信息交互意愿影响因素的大小依次为感知易用性、感知价值、信息有用性和感知风险。其中,感知易用性、感知价值、信息有用性对交互意愿产生正向影响,感知风险对交互意愿产生负向影响;在感知价值分析中,社会娱乐性对感知价值产生正向影响,信息感知成本对感知价值产生负向影响。本研究可以帮助新媒体信息服务平台更好完善与用户的信息交互功能,对新媒体平台健康发展起到一定的指导作用。     

风险认知视域下社交媒体用户健康信息规避行为生成机理研究

［目的/意义］ 探索风险认知视域下社交媒体用户健康信息规避行为的生成要素及内在机理,为社交媒体的健康信息服务和用户的健康管理决策提供科学指导。［方法/过程］ 基于刺激-反应-机体（S-O-R）理论和风险信息搜寻与加工模型（RISP）,对风险认知视域下社交媒体用户健康信息规避行为的感知过程及影响要素进行分析,从关注诱发、态势感知、情绪发酵、统觉控制4个阶段,构建社交媒体用户健康信息规避行为的生成机理模型。［结果/结论］ 阐释风险认知视域下社交媒体用户健康信息规避行为生成要素之间的逻辑关联,揭示要素与各阶段机理的内在关系,提出社交媒体用户健康信息规避行为管理策略。     

Media exposure and appraisal: Phase II,tests of a model in Nigeria

This study represents the second phase of a programmatic research effort designed to test a model of media exposure and appraisal. One of the distinguishing features of the model is that it attempts to link directly individual evaluations of a particular medium to exposure and appraisal. In the model three independent variables, editorial tone, communication potential, and utility, are posited to determine exposure and appraisal. This model was tested with two readership surveys of magazines distributed in Nigeria. While the model provided a good fit to the data, the results suggested that a contingency approach, based on specific attributes of a medium and situational factors, may be necessary to account for the effects of specific patterns of media exposure and appraisal.     

Media Concentration With Free Entry

This study develops a free-entry model of competition between media firms, characterizes its equilibrium, and establishes that the industry displays a natural tendency to concentrate. A merger of any 2 firms is strictly profit increasing. Therefore, incentives to consolidate, while maintaining distinct, costly locations (i.e., production units or content), exist. This study distinguishes between post-entry and ex ante consolidation and investigates the properties of the post-consolidation equilibrium. Some firms not involved in any merger may be forced to exit. So, although media mergers may not result in shutting down any of the merging outlets, they still may indirectly affect diversity.     

Voices and Choices: Critical Information/Media Literacy and Behrman’s Practices

ABSTRACT

Studies on information and media literacy focus on describing activities and frameworks individually, and most of the time, connect within the field of library science. However, other frameworks and practices can be used. This case study presents the application of Behrman’s Critical Literacy Practices to information and media literacy to engage students to think critically about information within their field of study. The purpose of this research is to model the information behavior of education students through the perspective of constructivist learning. The study used a qualitative method with six upper-level undergraduate education majors. Activities that comprise practices and theories in both education and library sciences are presented to form a continuous exposure to critical thinking. Factors that influenced how students perceived the validity of information came from personal, educational, and societal factors. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion about critical thinking skills in undergraduate students, presenting a model that describes how practices from other fields can be used and incorporated with information and media literacy.     

探析Hulu运营模式对卫视网站创新的借鉴

网络视频是一个受年轻用户青睐的新媒体新兴业务,但多数网络视频因其由用户自传而出现版权诉讼、内容删除、质量差和内容品位不高等问题,使一些视频网站看上去很热闹,赢利却很困难。本文通过对新兴视频网站Hulu的模式进分析,认为Hulu模式符合视频网站未来的发展趋势,值得各类视频网站借鉴。     

A Cognitive Processing Model of Information Source Use and Stereotyping: African-American Stereotypes in South Korea

This study proposes a cognitive processing model to explain that stereotypes are the result of a two-way interaction between receiver evaluation of the valence of accessed information from the media, and receiver evaluation of the realism and believability of the information. This model is applied to analyze American media use and stereotyping of African-Americans among 378 high school students in South Korea. Findings partially support the proposed model: positive media portrayals perceived to be real and believable result in positive stereotyping, while negative media portrayals perceived to be real and believable result in negative stereotyping. Respondents perceived that messages disseminated by the American media were somewhat realistic and believable, and that American media portray African-Americans negatively.     

Examining public acquisition of science knowledge from social media in Singapore: an extension of the cognitive mediation model

This study extends the cognitive mediation model (CMM) by examining the role of social media in cultivating public science knowledge. A sample of 901 Singaporeans was collected through an online survey panel. The results showed that the CMM could be applied to a social media context with a focus on science literacy. Specifically, the findings indicated that people with higher levels of surveillance gratification and social utility motivations tended to pay more attention and to elaborate more about science news that they encounter on social media. Likewise, people with greater social utility motivation tended to engage in greater interpersonal discussions on social media. Notably, attention to news on social media had an indirect association with science knowledge through news elaboration and interpersonal discussion on social media. Implications for theory and practice for science communication were discussed.     

News values of sports events: an application of a newsworthiness model on the World Cup coverage of US and Korean media

This study examined whether news value indicators influenced sports coverage of the 2002 World Cup soccer games by using a newsworthiness model. The model hypothesized that the more significant and the more deviant an event is, the more prominently the event is covered by the media. Significance and deviance of each match in the World Cup games are operationally defined by using world rankings such as FIFA points, William Hill betting points, and CNN power rankings. Prominence of media coverage for each match was measured as the dependent variable in four different contexts: US traditional media, US online media, Korean traditional media, and Korean online media. The results of our study show that the newsworthiness model is partially effective in predicting media coverage of sports events. Traditional media coverage is better explained by the newsworthiness model than online media coverage.     

我国移动社会化媒体隐私保护功能的可用性研究

[目的/意义] 对我国移动社会化媒体的隐私保护功能的可用性进行对比研究,并针对移动社会化媒体隐私保护功能的可用性提出改进建议。[方法/过程] 基于我国主流的3种移动社会化媒体（手机QQ、微信和手机微博）的隐私保护功能,通过用户实验和访谈调查收集可用性数据,并运用多独立样本检验等统计方法进行对比研究。[结果/结论] 微信的隐私保护功能在有效性、效率和用户满意程度这3个可用性标准上均具有较为明显的优势。移动社会化媒体的隐私保护功能应从功能设计、功能引导、菜单层级、文字表述和默认值设置等方面提升可用性。     

What About the Hyperlocals?

Using a survey of a sample of hyperlocal actors in Sweden (N?=?178), this article examines preconditions, motivations and sustainability for hyperlocal media operations, outside the traditional media chains, in order to provide a picture of their function in the current media landscape, and to further build on the understanding of the hyperlocal business model. This study extends the hyperlocal definition by including media platforms other than websites. The results show that the operations indeed aim to support and foster citizenship, strengthen democracy and mirror the local community. At the same time, as shown by other studies, the fact that they are not large-scale, highly profitable operations may challenge their sustainability. Nonetheless, most of them claim to be profitable, largely because of the print platform, and have a positive outlook on the future. Revenues from advertising and readership are currently less substantial for Web-based operations, which reinforces the need to broaden the definition of hyperlocal publishing platforms when talking about financial sustainability. Currently, hyperlocal media in Sweden, with small resources and a lower publishing frequency, cannot be viewed as a replacement of established media, but play important roles as complementary alternative voices and contribute to media plurality in the local community.     

新媒体环境下科研信息行为与特征分析

[目的/意义]调查新媒体环境下高校研究者科研信息行为,分析新媒体环境下高校研究者科研信息行为特征,为知识信息服务者提供科研信息服务提出建议与对策。[方法/过程]构建新媒体环境下科研信息行为特征模型,选取高校研究者作为调查样本,运用问卷调查法对其科研信息资源使用情况、科研信息获取行为、科研信息消化行为、科研信息追踪行为、科研信息交流行为及科研信息服务需求进行调查分析,验证新媒体环境下科研信息行为特征模型。[结果/结论]高校研究者对新媒体科研信息资源依赖度较高,对电子期刊的偏好最高,且关注信息资源的质量;科研信息获取行为呈现途径多元化的特征;科研信息消化行为呈现碎片化特征;科研信息追踪行为呈现传统途径居多、方式单一化的特征;科研信息交流行为呈现新媒体平台交流主导化的特征;新媒体平台科研信息服务需求呈现个性化的特征。除科研信息追踪行为特征与模型存在偏差外,基本验证了所构建的新媒体环境下科研信息行为特征模型。     

Perceived News Media Importance: Developing and Validating a Measure for Personal Valuations of Normative Journalistic Functions

This study features the development and validation of a multidimensional scale for Perceived News Media Importance (PNMI), a concept pertaining to how much individuals personally value normative functions of political/public affairs journalism. Comprised of six different dimensions that represent the weight of what citizens deem to be desirable about news work, the PNMI concept exhibits the capacity to strengthen scholarly explanations about the public’s perceptions of the news media and related democratic outcomes. More specifically this research, which employs three data sets, is designed to (1) explicate the PNMI concept, (2) develop and validate a PNMI scale, (3) and explore PNMI’s predictive value relative to news media use and support for freedom of the press. Evidence of validity is confirmed with media trust, political media use, political interest, and ideology. Furthermore, PNMI is shown to be predictive of (a) mainstream and social media-based news use, as conditioned by perceptions of the press satisfactory performing normative functions, and (b) support for press freedoms. While the hypothesized PNMI model (as a higher order latent construct with six lower order dimensions) exhibits a sound model fit, a combined data set (total N=912) reveals that PNMI could also be treated as a multi-factor, lower-order latent construct.     

Media Functionality and the Principle of Relative Constancy: An Explanation of the VCR Aberration

The introduction and diffusion of the videocassette recorder (VCR) coincided with an increase in consumer spending on mass media as a proportion of gross national product. This article attempts to explain this apparent aberration to the principle of relative constancy by analyzing both the pattern of consumer expenditures on all mass media and the functionality of the VCR in relation to other media. An examination of audience needs and uses of the VCR suggests that the VCR offers a range of functions that implicate both mass communication and interpersonal communication. Thus, the VCR is both a functional competitor and a functional complement to existing mass media. The implications for the study of new media include a suggestion that functional analysis of media may provide an additional explanatory power for the mechanism of consumer spending on mass media.     

The Role of Engagement in Learning From Active and Incidental News Exposure on Social Media

The growing reliance on social media as news platforms may lead to more passive news consumption but also offers greater potential for engaging in news. This study investigates the role of engagement with news content on Facebook and Twitter between news exposure and current events knowledge. An online survey (N = 400) tests the relationships between social media news seeking, incidental exposure to news on social media, engagement in shared news content, cognitive elaboration, and current events knowledge. The results show that both active seeking of and incidental exposure to news on both sites are linked to engagement, which is linked to greater cognitive elaboration about the content. Furthermore, engagement mediates the relationship between both types of news exposure and cognitive elaboration. However, engagement and elaboration are not related to knowledge. These results indicate that the key role of social media in news content is not knowledge gain but the ability to engage users who may be passively receiving news on these sites. This study extends the cognitive mediation model of learning from the news in the context of current social media, with updated news consumption norms such as engagement with news on these sites, and incidental news exposure.     

Teaching engaged research literacy: A description and assessment of the Research Ripped from the Headlines project

Courses: This assignment can be implemented in wide-range of courses that have research-related goals at the undergraduate or master's degree level. Applicable courses include Research Methods, Capstone, Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Communication, Intercultural Communication, Health Communication, Gender, and Family Communication.

Objectives: This assignment serves to increase students’ information literacy related to research gathering, critique, analysis, and implementation. For this assignment, students will: (a) identify and examine a news article that uses research; (b) trace the origins and conduct an analysis of the research study cited in the news article or a related research study; and (c) deliver an informative discussion that explains the news article, selected research study, and connect their analysis to research and research methodology principles. In all, this assignment improves students' media literacy related to social media and technology, and increases student affect for research practices. Finally, this assignment describes one model of using curriculum assessment to generate innovative pedagogical opportunities.