图书贸易EDI系统的研究与实现

讨论了EDI 的概念、标准和它在图书贸易中的应用; 介绍了图书贸易EDI 系统的设计与实现方案。该系统采用客户机ö服务器结构, 以Outlook Express 电子邮件系统作为传输载体, 实现了图书贸易中单据的EDIFACT 标准格式转换、数据加密。该系统运行于Internet, 可以完成公司之间图书贸易的订单收发和相应业务处理。     

Seriously Entertained: Antecedents and Consequences of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Entertainment Experiences With Political Talk Shows on TV

This study's purpose is twofold: to introduce a new format into existing political entertainment research (“serious” political talk shows) and to establish a more specific definition of entertainment in a political context. To do so, the authors rely on a two-process-model of entertainment experiences. A telephone survey (N = 230) was conducted to analyze the antecedents and consequences of eudaimonic and hedonic entertainment experiences and to look into politically relevant variables and their distribution among viewers and nonviewers of such talk shows. The results highlight the importance of introducing new entertainment concepts and their relations to other relevant political and motivational variables into the research of political entertainment. More specifically, the findings demonstrate how entertainment experiences contribute to viewers' feeling of being informed and point out several differences between viewers and nonviewers concerning their internal political efficacy and political interest. Finally, looking at political talk shows from an audience perspective extends previous content-based taxonomies.     

What Structures?

This article examines how the topic of an ethnically diverse workforce can become an organizational problem (or not) in private media companies. The study is based on interviews with Human Resources managers and persons responsible for diversity issues at these companies. This article favors a communicative approach by relating structures to agency through the concept of expectation. This is in contrast to the bulk of media research, which considers structures as something fixed and objective in determining organizational action. By exploring the expectations structures we can see which expectation patterns condition organizational communication. As a result, the main pattern of migrant background as adding value to the organization (or not) could be revealed as a guiding distinction in organizational communication about diverse workforces.     

Changing copyright legislation: Two views

Recent revisions of copyright law are the source of a debate about the issue of Fair Use in scholarly communication and the influence of commercial interest in determining how copyright is interpreted. The unusual format of this paper reflects a discussion over electronic mail between a library administrator and the director of a university press. The authors trade perspectives on the future of scholarly communication and attempt to construct a vision of a nonmarket-based system. They raise the issues of unrestricted photocopying, electronic distribution, and copyright protection in an era of ever-diminishing serials budgets. Differing views on the Fair Use provision are explored. The authors come to an agreement about the importance of preserving and distributing the results of academic research and discuss the roles of librarians, scholars, and other nonprofit entities in nurturing the process of scholarly communication in an arena separate from the mass market.     

Enlightenment or Entertainment: The Nurturance of an Aesthetic Public Sphere Through a Popular Talent Show in China

In mapping out the structures of representation surrounding a popular talent show in China, this study supports the idea that aesthetic evaluations and discussions more often than not extend into areas of broader concerns. By discussing a popular entertainment program, cultural critics have helped nurture public spheres in which civic issues can be enthusiastically and creatively talked about. The aesthetic public sphere essentially provides an extension of the formal Habermasian public sphere, thus suggesting a more significant civic role for entertainment programs.     

We Are Happy To Be Here: The Onboarding Experience in Academic Libraries

ABSTRACT

This study looks at the organizational entry or onboarding experience of 20 new academic librarians through a series of interviews. The goal is to explore what new librarians in a variety of settings and career stages consider most important for them to learn during onboarding and the best approaches for sharing information with them. The study also explores how much institutions are actively learning about the signature strengths of new employees as part of the onboarding process. The authors conclude with recommendations for additional research and onboarding process improvements.     

竞争情报系统的业务模式分析研究

文章从竞争企业组织结构、竞争情报系统组织结构和运作模式、用户对象、数据源及业务流程方面对竞争情报系统业务模式作了分析研究。     

Quiz Show Radio News Formats: A Test of Retention,Involvement, Attention,and Perception of Credibility

Entertainment news formats, such as radio talk shows and late-night comedy shows, continue to gain audience interest, while traditional news formats are slowly losing audience members. This study examines audience effects from entertainment news formats by comparing retention, involvement, attention and perceived credibility of information presented in a traditional radio broadcast news format and a nontraditional news quiz show format. Findings showed audiences recalled information from quiz questions significantly better than from the traditional news form. Levels of attention and involvement did not differ, and there were no differences for perceived credibility, suggesting audiences may be increasingly accepting of new formats.     

惯例形成与演进过程中的知识管理模型研究

[目的/意义] 为更好地发挥组织惯例的作用,提高知识管理绩效,针对惯例的知识属性,从知识管理的视角概括惯例的形成与发展过程,分析惯例对知识管理过程的影响,构建惯例演进过程中的知识管理模型。[方法/过程] 通过梳理国内外惯例研究与知识管理研究的相关文献,从个人惯例、团队惯例、组织惯例3个层面,分析知识管理视角下的惯例形成机制,并结合知识获取、知识转移、知识整合以及知识利用等4个知识管理流程,分析惯例对知识管理过程的影响,通过知识管理模型的构建和知识管理措施的提出,为组织实践提供管理启示。[结果/结论] 惯例的演进是通过组织学习来实现的,作为知识的集合,惯例在演进的过程中,先分解为搭载了隐性知识的惯例模块,经过隐性知识到显性知识的信息传递,完成隐性惯例到显性惯例的转化,并以此规范成员的活动行为。同时,不同层次的惯例在知识管理的不同阶段发挥出重要的作用,有针对性的知识管理措施能够更有效地促进组织的持续健康发展。     

“985”高校图书馆组织机构设置的调查与思考

[目的/意义]通过对国内高校图书馆组织机构设置现状进行调查,并对改革实践情况进行梳理和分析,为高校图书馆合理设置组织机构,更好实现组织目标提供借鉴。[方法/过程]对国内39所"985工程"高校图书馆的组织机构设置及改革情况进行调查研究,统计部门设置以及新增部门情况,并将目前国内高校图书馆的组织结构划分为4个类型,着重对已经进行组织机构改革实践的高校图书馆的改革特点和趋势进行分析。[结果/结论]对未来高校图书馆组织机构变革发展的方向和重点提出几点建议,包括：寻求理论构建,兼顾内外因素,合理设置组织机构;及时进行评估与反馈调查;寻找馆外元素构成新的组织机构。     

数据格式转换的一种方法

本文首先介绍了基于不同库结构的 MARC格式数据和Fox BASE 格式数据的异同点 ,然后着重讲解了在图书馆自动化建设中 ,为实现资源共享 ,对两种不同结构的数据进行格式转换的步骤以及程序的开发     

Aiming for service excellence: Implementing a plan for customer service quality at a blended service desk

ABSTRACT

This article discusses a public service review and redesign that resulted in a blended service desk combining reference and circulation functions, staffed by nonlibrarians. The redesign implements a number of organizational structures that encourage service excellence, as found in the business literature and in examples of nonlibrary organizations that excel in customer service. The article identifies key organizational structures that have been shown to support or hinder good service and discusses the process of implementing these structures in practice and the results of an assessment process designed around determining success.     

科学传播娱乐化表现手段的探究

在人们日益增长的科学知识需求背景下,科学传播已经成为一项全民参与的社会活动,无论是科学传播者,还是接受者都在快速化、套餐化、多元化的传播环境中各自寻找渠道和方法,这些供需关系促进了科学传播娱乐化的快速发展。科学传播娱乐化手段的使用一直是这项工作中饱受争议的一个话题,但是在传播过程中,传播者和接受者都向往能以一种有趣的方式,以娱乐的心态来享受科学传播内容带来的快感。那么,科学传播娱乐化与科学传播娱乐性的区别是什么？科学传播娱乐化在使用娱乐化手段的时候要如何达到传播者和接受者双向对等的效果。分析已有的科学传播渠道可以获知其中娱乐化手段的效果,并分析这种方法的未来可行性。社会环境的转变在传播过程中影响了接受者接收传播内容的效率。未来科学传播应用娱乐化手段的创新方式是科学传播工作者们需要在实践中研究的重点问题。     

Dialectic, contradiction, or double bind? Analyzing and theorizing employee reactions to organizational tension

Drawing from qualitative data gathered at two correctional facilities, this paper empirically illustrates employee reactions to organizational contradictions in a total institution and advances a theoretical model positing that organizational tensions may be framed as complementary dialectics, simple contradictions, or pragmatic paradoxes—each accompanied by attendant organizational and personal ramifications. The analysis suggests that organizations can create structures in which employees are more likely to make sense of organizational contradictions in healthy ways and avoid the debilitating reactions associated with double binds. Specifically, through metacommunication about organizational tensions (for instance, manifest in role play enactment of contradictory occupational goals), employees are better able to understand the paradoxes that mark work life and make sense of them in emotionally healthy ways.     

知识网络中隐性知识的共享困境及其克服路径

知识网络的困境在于隐性知识的转移与共享难以实现,而隐性知识的共享困境,从个体层面上看主要表现为：心理困境、能力困境和动力困境,从组织层面上看主要体现为; 组织结构困境、组织文化困境、组织间的信任困境、组织间文化距离困境、组织能力差异困境和组织间合作动力困境。社会网络为解决上述困境提供了一个视角,科技专业网络、客户网络、娱乐网络以及企业家个人友谊网络等非正式网络可以弥补正式组织和正式网络的先天性不足,是克服知识网络中隐性知识转移与共享困境的有效途径。     

格式迁移实施方式及其关键技术

本文首先分析了格式迁移的原因与基础,然后在OAIS参考模型和保存元数据的理论基础上,结合现今的数字长期保存机构的系统实践,分别从实施时机和实施机构两个角度对格式迁移的实施方式进行对比分析,并结合国外长期保存系统和工具的对格式迁移的关键技术进行探讨,最后对个人和数字保存机构格式迁移的实施提出建议。     

Cognitive and emotional dimensions of perceived risk characteristics,genre-specific media effects,and risk perceptions: the case of H1N1 influenza in South Korea

This study explicates the mechanism underlying the process through which news and entertainment media shape people's personal- and societal-level risk perceptions. It combines the psychometric paradigm with the impersonal- and differential-impact hypotheses, highlighting the roles that cognitive and emotional dimensions of risk characteristics play in risk perceptions. Analysis of an online survey among 384 adults from the general population of South Korea in the context of H1N1 flu yields three major findings: (1) exposure to news media is positively correlated with the cognitive dimension of risk characteristics, while exposure to entertainment media is positively correlated with both the cognitive and the emotional dimensions of risk characteristics; (2) the emotional but not the cognitive dimension of risk characteristics is positively related to both personal- and societal-level risk perceptions; and (3) exposure to entertainment media affects personal-level risk perceptions – not directly but indirectly through the emotional dimension of risk characteristics. Theoretically, this study expands the impersonal- and differential-impact hypotheses by explicating their underlying mechanisms and incorporating arguments from the psychometric paradigm. It also adds new knowledge to the psychometric paradigm by highlighting the differential roles of the cognitive and emotional dimensions of people's perceived risk characteristics in risk perceptions. For risk communicators, this study highlights the importance of using entertainment media for shaping risk perceptions and educating the public about risk issues.     

The emergence of homogeneity and heterogeneity in knowledge structures during a planned organizational change

Scholars and practitioners increasingly strive to understand the complexities marking implementations of organizational change programs. Studies on this topic often concentrate on members' cognition about a planned change, regularly finding that members' knowledge structures and interpretations either converge or diverge over time. Using interviews, observations, and a unique discourse processing technique, a nine-month case study of one division of a municipal government organization shows that members' knowledge structures simultaneously converged and diverged as a consequence of both the change initiative and several unanticipated organizational events, including a clash between workgroups. The study's findings and theoretical perspective suggest a challenge to cognitive perspectives on knowledge and traditional research on organizational change; they also provide lessons for practitioners on how organizations may learn from complex change dynamics.     

合作式参考咨询服务组织动态能力形成过程研究

环境不确定因素给CDRS造成了巨大压力。论文从动态能力的概念和CDRS组织动态能力入手,构建了CDRS组织动态能力形成过程研究框架,详细地剖析该研究框架中诸要素之间的作用关系,即知识吸收、知识整合、知识创新与知识应用四个阶段,依次循环,呈现螺旋上升发展趋势,并对CDRS组织创新产生积极的影响作用,将为CDRS知识管理活动的实施与开展提供有益的理论建议和实践指导。该研究框架也将用来解释CDRS获得持续竞争优势途径的最优理论之一。最后,给出一个案例。