万华镜里的自画像:关于中国人文学者数字学术认知与需求的质性研究

[目的/意义]从人文学者的角度出发,探讨人文学者如何看待数字人文,他们又如何被数字人文的浪潮所影响。通过对人文学者数字学术认知与数字学术需求的考察,为数字人文服务和系统设计奠定基础。[方法/过程]采用质性研究方法,对文学、历史、哲学和艺术4个领域展开比较研究,并以访谈素材进行饱和度检验,构建起\"认知-预判-担忧-需求与应对\"的质性主线。[结果/结论]研究发现,不同领域人文学者对数字学术的认知并不完全相同,但对其影响的预判也存在共性之处,他们普遍认同数字化对人文的研究素材、研究方法、知识传播和研究问题都会产生一定影响;面对数字化浪潮,人文学者的担忧主要包括对数字学术研究深度的担忧、对学科主体地位的担忧和对技术环境下学术伦理问题的担忧;最后,人文学者在自身能力提升、数据、技术、科研评价体系方面存在许多需求,其中对\"基础设施\"和\"数字项目\"的需求最为迫切。     

FROM THE EDITOR

ABSTRACT

To commemorate the 150th anniversary of their institution, Illinois State University librarians are developing an online bibliography of scholarly works by campus faculty. The bibliography will be a permanent, searchable record of campus scholarship from 1857 to the present. The bibliography is intended to serve the needs of researchers interested in the history of the institution as well as the changing roles of college faculty over the last 150 years. The project is an alternative to and potential foundation for an institutional repository. The authors describe their experiences with the project and their plans for its expansion and enhancement. doi:10.1300/J106v14n03_01     

数字时代人文社会科学的正确评价导向——以数字学术成果的评价问题为中心

数字学术成果评价机制的不完善使人文学者面临学术贡献不被承认的风险,阻碍创新活力的激发和人文学科发展。文章依托网络调查搜集20世纪末以来美国学院艺术协会等6个人文协会制定的6份数字学术评价指南,梳理文本内容,从评价内容与范围、相关部门/机构职责、对人文学者的要求等3方面归纳评价的要素与关键。研究发现:多种非传统的学术成果形态和研究过程均可纳入评价范围,同行评议是重要评价形式;相关部门/机构应明确传达有关数字人文的招聘和评价要求,聘请数字专家、人文学者和数字学术研究经验丰富人员开展评价,在评价中尊重数字人文的媒介多样性,考虑跨学科团队合作带来的额外工作量;人文学者需要了解部门/机构对数字人文工作的支持,清楚阐述自身数字工作的价值和复杂性,制定并说明其数字学术成果的可持续发展计划。     

A Landscape Archive: Methods for Interaction Design,Preservation, Access,and Mapping—A Case Study

ABSTRACT

The National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway) acquired the archive of Tim Robinson in 2013. Robinson is a cartographer and writer who lived, studied, and documented the landscape surrounding Galway Bay over the course of 40 years. This article describes the methods taken for the digital preservation, access provision, discovery, and digital mapping of this landscape archive. It describes a user interface that allows exploration and discovery of the landscape archive on a digital map, linked to the archive, which allows the user to interact with the material from a perspective of place. The aim of this is to provide an enhanced user experience and create potential for teaching, research, and community engagement. The archive can also be accessed using more traditional hierarchical archival discovery interfaces and is selectively digitally preserved and accessible as a digital archive.     

Panel 1: Continuity and Change in University Scholarship

ABSTRACT

Information technology developments over the past 3 decades have profoundly influenced university scholarship, but the relationship has been characterized by aspects of both continuity and change. This panel of presentations and ensuing discussion consider ways in which these developments drive changes in scholarly practice and present challenges for research libraries on issues such as interoperability or facilitating access in a networked environment.     

美国部分大学图书馆的数字学术支持考察与启示

[目的/意义] 研究美国部分大学图书馆的数字学术支持现状,为国内大学图书馆开展数字学术支持提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程] 采用典型案例分析法,对美国14所大学图书馆的数字学术支持情况进行考察,分析数字学术的概念、数字学术支持机构设置、数字学术支持的内容与形式等。[结果/结论] 美国大学图书馆在明确数字学术概念基础上,设立数字学术支持机构,以数字资源建设、数字项目建设及研究、数据策展、数字出版、数字人文项目研究等为数字学术支持核心内容,提供形式多样的数字学术支持。我国大学图书馆应设立数字学术支持机构,重视数字学术支持团队建设,重视图书馆数字学术空间建设,创新以数字学术为核心的图书馆服务。     

可信数字学术的涵义及实现框架研究

面对开放科学环境下学术生产和交流中的信任危机,亟须将“数字学术”发展为“可信数字学术”。目前“可信数字学术”概念虽未被明确提出,但随着区块链技术的兴起,与该概念相关的理论与实践研究不断涌现,可信数字学术的涵义及实现框架需要系统研究并正式提出。本文结合“数字信任”定义,在“数字学术”定义之上提出“可信数字学术”定义。根据定义识别出可信数字学术信任内涵的三个组成要素并作深入剖析,包括数字学术基础设施可信、数字学术参与主体可信和数字学术流通数据可信。在此基础上,提出可信数字学术的实现路径,并从关键问题、支撑技术和实践场景三个层面构建可信数字学术的实现框架。图2。表3。参考文献35。     

英国和爱尔兰研究型图书馆的数字学术服务

数字学术服务是高校图书馆一项创新性服务。为了解英国研究型图书馆数字学术服务现状,为我国高校图书馆数字学术服务提供国际经验,文章解读英国研究型图书馆协会(RLUK)2019年调查报告《数字学术和研究型图书馆的角色》。该报告内容涉及英国研究型图书馆数字学术服务性质与范围、基础设施、人员保障、资金来源、服务评估、馆藏数字转型、成员馆潜在合作领域等方面,具有内容详实全面、方便用户使用、基于国际对比视角、实践指导意义显著等特点。我国高校图书馆开展数字学术服务,可从建立专门的数字学术服务团队与部门、率先开展人文学科的数字学术服务、重视数字学术服务资金筹集、建立数字馆藏资源共享机制等方面着手。     

Lecture: Impact of Digital Scholarship on Research Libraries

ABSTRACT

The future of research libraries will be shaped by broader developments at research universities in the areas of creating, sharing, disseminating, and curating knowledge. Universities face fundamental policy choices in all of these areas that have been recast by developments in information technology. This article discusses trends in digital scholarship practices across the humanities, science, and social science disciplines and examines implications for academic institutions and their research libraries as a means of framing these policy choices.

This article originally published in Journal of Library Administration, Vol. 49, Issue 3, pages 227–244, 2009. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01930820902785041.     

What Slavic Scholars Need to Know about Archiving Digital Materials in Institutional Repositories

ABSTRACT. Institutional repositories (IRs) provide storage and access to digitally produced scholarship. In order to improve storage and access to these materials, it is important for the creators to describe the contents adequately. Following generally accepted best practices in terms of file formats is encouraged, as is providing basic metadata about the content of the items. Some of the benefits of utilizing IRs include the provision of unique identifiers for digital projects and files, institutional commitment to preserving the files, and increased access through metadata protocols. Collaboration between creators and librarians is encouraged to ensure that standards are followed when appropriate, and that metadata is of the highest quality to ensure good preservation and access to the content.     

多租户模型的图书馆信息系统研究

在分析现有图书馆信息系统建设模式的基础上,提出基于软件即服务思想的图书馆信息系统建设思路。介绍软件即服务的定义、特征和成熟度模型,重点阐述基于多租户模型的图书馆信息系统的数据库设计、多租户应用设计、可配置性设计和可伸缩性设计。对多租户信息系统实现中涉及的文件分布式存储、应用服务器的可伸缩性、数据库服务器的可伸缩性以及应用安全等关键技术作深入的讨论。