The historicality of cognition: Implications for science education research

This article discusses the growing consensus across diverse educational research domains that the historical aspects of cognition are important for understanding not only how individuals but also disciplines know what they know. After proposing and defining the new superordinate concept of historicality, fundamental interrelationships between time, events, memory, meaning, personal knowledge, public knowledge, and the histories of the sciences are explored. Relevant research findings that demonstrate the confluence of scholarly thought concerning historicality across five educationally important domains are presented for the reader's consideration. Using the historicality concept, it is suggested that the histories of the sciences be considered as “the collective mind of scientists” and viewed as vital to developing students' knowledge about science by building upon the critical distinctions drawn by Duschl (1990). The author's science teaching technique, based upon construction of historical vignettes, is introduced here because of the relationship between history and story and the documented educational effectiveness of the story format. Finally, the author adds several cautionary notes about the validity of explanations based upon historicality and anticipates future advances in our understanding of the historicality of cognition.     

Tables of contextual cognition: a proposal for intercultural research in science education

The goal of this paper is to propose tables of contextual cognition as a tool for research and a model to facilitate the intercultural dialogue on science education in schools. The proposal arose from a qualitative case study, involving the use of tables of compared cognition in biology classes in a Brazilian public school. The results indicate that these tables helped students to understand relationships of similarities and differences between their previous knowledge and scientific knowledge and, equally, to delimit the original context and applicability of each of these ways of knowing. However, I perceived the need to expand these tables to gain a new meaning for the practical purposes of research and culturally sensitive science teaching. Finally, tables of contextual cognition considering these changes are proposed and I discuss the possible implications for teaching and research in science education.     

分布式认知研究述评

从个体认知到分布式认知的转变,是人类适应信息社会复杂性的重要思维特征。分布式认知是一个看待认知现象的系统化视角,"分布"不是认知结构的增强,而是认知功能的中介。分布式认知可以作为学习领域、人机交互设计、计算机支持的协作学习、人机协同工作设计的理论基础。认知分布现象是客观的,对分布式认知的背景、分布内涵、个体与人工制品的地位、交互等内容的系统化梳理,有助于把握分布式认知的研究脉络与趋向。目前,对分布式认知在时间、空间、群体、人工制品中的分布形态研究较多,已有成熟的研究案例出现。但是,对于分布式认知的心理结构模型、认知分布的过程性特征、认知任务的分布式表征方式等问题,还有待进一步探索。     

浅谈大脑认知模拟的研究方法

本文基于传统人工智能和人工神经网络的研究,从多角度透视认知模拟的方法和技术,提出了综 合集成技术和模糊技术在开发大规模集成智能系统中的重要作用。     

Emotion and cognition: an intricately bound developmental process

Regulatory aspects of development can best be understood by research that conceptualizes relations between cognition and emotion. The neural mechanisms associated with regulatory processes may be the same as those associated with higher order cognitive processes. Thus, from a developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective, emotion and cognition are dynamically linked and work together to process information and execute action. This article highlights the authors' recent efforts at integrating emotion regulation and cognitive processing during the first year of life by focusing on the methodological criteria outlined by Cole, Martin, and Dennis (this issue), and it discusses the idea that emotion and cognition are an intricately bound developmental process.     

基于ERP的棉纺企业车间信息管理系统的研究

结合棉纺企业车间管理特点,融入ERP管理理念,研究了棉纺企业车间信息管理系统．该系统提供了车间任务管理、物料管理、投料记录、交接记录、质量管理、完工入库记录等六项信息管理功能,辅助完成车间管理全过程,保证任务按期保质完成,降低了生产成本,提高了车问管理水平．     

我国教育的国际地位与竞争力——基于相关数据与国家竞争力报告的分析

本文通过对我国与不同收入水平国家相关数据、国家竞争力报告的分析后发现,我国教育发展指标从普及程度看高于世界平均值,也明显高于同类国家平均值,但其中的高等教育发展水平与前者比尚有差距;我国教育水平从国际竞争力角度看,明显落后于发达国家.为提高我国教育的国际竞争力,增加公共教育投入和提高教育质量应当成为下一阶段我国教育改革和发展的核心议题.     

在VB中实现动态数据报表

主要介绍了如何利用结构化查询语言SQL结合VB中自带的数据环境设计器和数据报表设计器来实现在程序运行过程中生成各种各样的数据报表,即动态数据报表。     

Visual Basic数据报表的实现

如何实现数据报表是在开发VB应用程序时经常碰到的一个问题,本文主要介绍了在VB中利用DataReport实现数据报表的设计方法和编程要点.     

自动化技术在生成数据报告中的应用

在数据分析系统中人们希望将分析结果如文本、数字、表格、图片等保存到文件中,自动生成数据报告文档。研究应用程序与Microsoft Office组件之间的数据交换技术具有现实意义。Microsoft Office组件建立在自动化技术基础之上,自动化是支持IDispach接口的COM,它继承COM很多优点,简化COM底层细节,支持客户端与服务器之间数据的双向通信,通过自动化技术使得不同应用中的数据通信更加便利。MFC实现了对自动化对象和客户应用程序开发的支持。Microsoft Office组件是以Application对象为根的层级模型结构,Application、Document、Selection和Range等是最常用到的Word对象。项目实例演示了VC环境下通过制作报告模版,利用自动化技术快速开发Word客户应用的过程,该方法对在各种语言环境下开发Microsoft Office客户应用程序都具有借鉴价值。     

Motivation and learning in an online, unmoderated, mathematics workshop for teachers

As hypermedia, online teacher professional development (TPD) should ideally support diverse learners to work with online content effectively because it involves multiple representations and a nonlinear format. Differences among participants in motivation and learning provide challenges for design. The present study is a use-inspired, mixed-method study of 164 teachers’ motivation and learning in an unmoderated online workshop. It addresses participants’ demographic and motivational profiles, participation in this type of workshop (e.g., the frequency, duration, and focus, as well as their work with technology-enhanced, nonroutine challenge problems and journal assignments), the predictive value of the initial questionnaire, and implications for design. Findings indicate that while three clusters of motivational profiles could be identified (low interest, low self-efficacy, and less math; low interest, high self-efficacy, and more math; high interest, high self-efficacy, and more math), whether the teachers continue to participate appears to be related to the structure and content of the workshop, not just these profiles. Findings are interpreted as suggesting that the potential of hypermedia lies in its designers’ abilities to support participant stake by providing for multiple ways into thinking and working with disciplinary content—design that both accommodates and supports those with differing strengths and needs. Implications for studying motivation and learning online are also discussed.     

中班幼儿对动物生命认知特点的研究

以78名中班幼儿为研究对象,采用4(生命认知维度:生长、繁殖、衰老、死亡)×2(认知领域:动物、非生物)两因素被试内研究设计,试图揭示中班幼儿对动物生命认知特点,发现中班幼儿对动物和非生物在生命认知各维度上的认知差异显著,不论是在动物领域还是非生物领域,他们对生长、繁殖、死亡的理解都好于对衰老的理解。     

数据赋能工程教育转型:欧洲数字化战略报告分析

数字化转型趋势下,欧洲正经受传统工业文化传承与创新双重挑战.近年来,随着"工业4.0"的提出和计划实施,为破解传统工业数字化转型带来的数字工程师短缺问题,欧盟及欧洲各国相继出台数字化战略.相关报告提出通过统一数字化能力标准、创新数字化学徒计划及培育数字化教育生态,构建工程师全覆盖的数字教育体系,培养具备数字化能力的工程...