李商隐无题诗的比兴寄托

比兴寄托是我国古代诗歌的重要特色和优良传统,《诗经》中就已广泛地运用了比兴。屈原发展了《诗经》的比兴手法,使比兴从简单的以某物比某物或触物起兴的朴素状态发展到象征、寄托或者寄寓的高级状态。李商隐继承了屈原进步诗歌的传统,从屈原的艺术宝库中学习了象征手法的运用,特别是屈原以香草美人寄托政治遭遇的比兴手法更为他所自觉继承。他的无题诗不只是创造一些工于比兴、深于寄托的名句。而是把比兴寄托这种手法运用于全篇。     

钟嵘《诗品》“汉都尉李陵”条疏证

李陵诗与楚辞的渊源关系主要表现在:屈原和李陵二人的身世背景和人生遭际相似,诗歌作品都注重怨情,都成功地运用比兴手法。李陵诗在诗歌内容、意象描写和语言表达上体现了"凄怨悲怆"的风格。钟嵘评价李陵诗的理论方法有十分重要的意义。     

曹植诗赋对“香草美人”的接受与创新

"香草美人"这一屈原独创的意象在漫漫历史长河中孕育出了它特有的"发愤抒情"的文学传统和磅礴的人格魅力,从而成为了中国士大夫的精神归属。曹植作为与屈原有着很多相似经历的文人,他的作品和人生也继承和发展了屈原的"香草美人"意象。曹植诗赋对"香草美人"意象既有传承,又有创新。     

楚辞中的“香草”之意蕴

屈原在楚辞中创造了“香草美人”的意象,并且香花美草在楚辞中的运用毕比学量。青草的塑繁运用和其本身所具备的芳香、高洁的特质有关,和当时盛行于楚国的巫风也有很大关系,本文着重探讨了香草成为一种固定意象的大致过程。     

论魏晋文人对楚辞的接受

魏晋文人对楚辞的接受呈现出颇具时代特色的选择性。楚辞鲜明的艺术精神,如艳逸的才藻、香草美人的象征手法、坎咏怀的抒情方式被继承发展,并由此开创了优秀的文人五言诗传统。但身逢乱世、玄学流行,魏晋文人对屈原人格精神进行了选择性吸收,表现为对存君兴国思想的淡化,对露才扬己态度的强化。     

五学人论楚辞

季羡林先生认为,楚辞研究应注意不同文化区域以及中外之间的文化交流。林庚先生认为楚辞是古代文学研究的重点。褚斌杰先生认为,屈原的出现在中国文化史上、文学史上具有划时代的意义。聂石樵先生认为,研究屈原赋应特别注意中原文化和楚文化的关系,屈原继承和发展了 诗经 的比兴手法。费振刚先生认为辞与赋的区别,可以从是否与屈原相关等方面来分析季羡林先生认为,楚辞研究应注意不同文化区域以及中外之间的文化交流。林庚先生认为楚辞是古代文学研究的重点。褚斌杰先生认为,屈原的出现在中国文化史上、文学史上具有划时代的意义。聂石樵先生认为,研究屈原赋应特别注意中原文化和楚文化的关系,屈原继承和发展了 诗经 的比兴手法。费振刚先生认为辞与赋的区别,可以从是否与屈原相关等方面来分析     

李商隐诗中的隐喻

李商隐诗中充满着隐喻。这些隐喻或取材于自然景象和日常生活,或源于神话传说、佛道故事。其喻体大多娇美纤柔,喻旨朦胧多义,情感基调感伤哀怨,运用方式灵活多变,常与幻想拟人、象征映衬等多种艺术手法相糅合。李商隐诗中的隐喻继承并发展了屈原“香草美人”的比兴象征传统,为我国古代诗歌抒情艺术的创新作出了新贡献。     

论贤人失志与汉魏六朝的禽鸟赋创作

楚辞的比兴手法在汉魏六朝文学中得到了进一步的发展,禽鸟赋中的一些作品更是如此。作家通过禽鸟意象寄托自己的生平遭遇,以慷慨悲凉、怜悯哀怨为情感基调,体现了物我为一、情景交融的特色。     

男子作闺音的别样情怀——徐干《室思》的“香草美人”手法

本文对徐干《室思》一诗中的游子思妇形象作了新的解读,并联系其所处的动荡时代和诗人的坎坷经历,分析诗中暗含的以男女之情喻君臣之道的“香草美人”手法。此诗继承了屈原楚辞与汉末《古诗十九首》的象征手法,对后世诗歌中运用此类艺术手段产生了深远的影响。     

晚唐诗人的楚骚情怀

楚辞对晚唐诗歌产生了重要影响,但晚唐诗人对屈原和宋玉的接受程度有所不同。他们推尊屈原,学习了屈辞中的比兴寄托手法又有所突破,却更为看重宋玉,因为宋玉的多才、风流和伤感与晚唐诗人的精神状态极为契合。晚唐诗歌总体风貌的形成与楚辞有着密切关系。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.