建立物理模型在高中物理解题中的应用

物理模型可以使复杂问题简单化有助于解决高中生求解物理难题,本文针对高中物理模型的建立这个问题分析了物理模型的类型及物理模型的作用,以期能对高中物理建立模型并应用模型提供借鉴和帮助。     

略论物理模型的建构及其教学策略

准确说来物理模型可分为5种类型,但不同类型的物理模型有着共同的特征;教师在教学中传授给学生建模的方法应当有一套自己的策略。     

物理模型与实际问题

本文论述了物理模型与实际问题的关系,梳理了物理模型与实际问题结合的意义。     

学生构建和应用物理模型能力的培养

学生能否顺利解决物理问题取决于构建准确的物理模型和应用物理模型的能力,在中学物理教学中应加强培养学生构建物理模型和提高应用物理模型的能力。     

浅析高中物理教学中物理模型的有效性及学生建模能力的培养

物理模型可以作为解决问题的切入点,因为建立有效的物理模型在整个物理学中起支柱作用,当然物理模型在教学领域中的重要性自然不用质疑。它能使物理问题得以化难为易,同时物理模型的构建在理论联系实际中起到了纽带和桥梁的作用。     

不同教学课型中物理模型的建构策略

以“减数分裂”教学为例,针对新授课、复习课两种课型,提出物理模型有效建构的策略。其中新授课物理模型建构的基本策略是：情境创设—建模指导—模型评价;复习课物理模型建构的基本策略是：明确类型—搭建模型—应用模型。     

高考试题中常见的物理模型

为研究物理问题方便起见,将某些实际问题抽象概括,形成一些物理模型,利用理想化物理模型求解物理问题,是学习物理的相当重要的思维方法.物理问题从一定意义上说,都是依照一定的物理模型来拟定的,解题过程实质上就是分析和还原物理模型的过程.因此,高考复习时可以物理模型为主线,通过典型题目     

水工结构的物理模拟

计算机技术发展很快.过去许多人工不能计算的问题,现在不仅可以计算,而且还完成得很快.这就大大地加快了现代科学技术的发展.由于计算机技术的发展,有些过去必须用物理模型这一手段解决的工程问题,现在可以用电算来解决.不过,目前数值模型还不能完全取代物理模型,有些复杂问题的模拟,例如复杂地基深层结构围岩应力的模拟,数值模型就缺乏有效的模拟手段,而物理模型在这方面还存在着优势.当然,物理模型也还有很多值得改进的地方.电子技术和计算机技术的发展,也为物理模型的发展提供了条件.本文拟对物理模型试验技术的有关问题作一些讨论.     

提高中学生构建物理模型能力的途径

首先阐明物理模型是一种科学有效的研究方法,着重探讨在教学中如何构建物理模型。从重视培养学生的建模意识,通过实验引导学生建立物理模型,建立物理模型与日常生活事例密不可分,科学技术促进物理模型的发展等四个方面进行解释说明。使学生自觉地运用物理模型思想、方法、去考虑和处理物理问题,有效地培养学生物理模型的思维,提高学生建立物理模型的能力。     

等时圆物理模型的建立和应用

为了形象、简捷地处理物理问题,人们经常把复杂的实际情况转化成一定的容易接受的简单的物理情境,从而形成一定的经验性的规律,即建立物理模型．在分析和解决物理问题时,一般都是在已经掌握的物理模型的启发下找到解决物理问题的思路和方法,因此,在平时教学过程中加强物理模型的建立和应用是十分重要的．下面以等时圆物理模型的建立和应用来阐明如何帮助学生建立物理模型,并加以迁移应用．     

面向制造的板级电子电路产品多信息模型研究

Most electronics products use PCB to carry electronic circuits. This paper classifies information contained in PCB-based electronic circuits into several models: geometry model, physics model, performance model and function model. Based on this classification, a multi-information model of product is established. A composite model of product is also created based on object-orientation and characteristics of the product. The model includes a 3D geometry model, a physics model with integrated information that can be divided into microscopic and macroscopic information, a generalized performance model and a function model that are from top to bottom. Finally, a multi-unit analysis is briefly discussed.     

“结构模型”在药理学教学中的应用初探——以抗高血压药物为例说明

"结构模型"在诸多学科中都有体现,在"抗高血压药物"一章中使用供水管网的结构模型来理解血压的调节与降压药物的作用机制与分类,类比恰当,为药理学与医学物理学和药用物理学与药理学的教学提供了很好的衔接。     

The algorithm of mathematical modelling for learning styles of pre-school children

This study examines pre-school children's learning styles by utilising a mathematical model. The model uses a Euclidean geometry algorithm to generate a graphical representation of the learning styles. The algorithm of the developed mathematical model was developed as a practical application of the theoretical assumptions. Index of Learning Styles for Children (ILSC), developed by one of the researchers, has been applied to a total of 301 five-year-old children. Results of the study indicate that children utilise the active, cognitive and visual learning styles under the control of the right hemisphere, and the sequential (analytical) learning styles under the control of the left hemisphere. The modelling algorithm reveals that the children's learning style preferences are shifted towards the right hemisphere at the rate of 8%. The results also provide empirical support that the developed model can mathematically explain the theoretical assumptions it is based on.     

建立物理模型的探讨

针对建立物理模型的重要性，提出了如何建立物理模型以及我们在建立物理模型的过程中要灵活地运用抽象、联想、假设、类比等方法。对思雏科学的发展起着一定的推动作用，对教学研究具有重要的现实意义。     

Mediated Modeling in Science Education

Following two decades of corroboration, modeling theory is presented as a pedagogical theory that promotes mediated experiential learning of model-laden theory and inquiry in science education. Students develop experiential knowledge about physical realities through interplay between their own ideas about the physical world and particular patterns in this world. Under teacher mediation, they represent each pattern with a particular model that they develop through a five-phase learning cycle, following particular modeling schemata of well-defined dimensions and rules of engagement. Significantly greater student achievement has been increasingly demonstrated under mediated modeling than under conventional instruction of lecture and demonstration, especially in secondary school and university physics courses. The improved achievement is reflected in more meaningful understanding of course materials, better learning styles, higher success rates, lower attrition rates and narrower gaps between students of different backgrounds.     

Exploring the Role of ‘Gendered' Discourse Styles in Online Science Discussions

In this study, we examined whether gendered discourse styles were evidenced in online, synchronous, physics collaborative learning group discussions, and the extent to which such discourse patterns were related to the uptake of ideas within the group. We defined two discourse styles: the oppositional/direct style, theorized to be the socialized discourse pattern typically used by males, and the aligned/indirect style, theorized to be the socialized discourse pattern typically used by females. Our analysis indicates the presence of both styles in these chats and the styles were generally utilized along theorized, gendered lines. However, we also observed male use of the stereotypically ‘feminine' discourse style and female use of the stereotypically ‘masculine' discourse style. Moreover, we found no main effect for discourse style on the uptake of ideas. The findings indicate that, contrary to prior research in both face-to-face science classroom settings and online physics settings, ideas were taken up at relatively similar rates regardless of the gendered discourse style employed. Design implications of this study are discussed and suggestions for future research are made.     

Gender and physics: feminist philosophy and science education

Physics education reform movements should pay attention to feminist analyses of gender in the culture of physics for two reasons. One reason is that feminist analyses contribute to an understanding of a ‘chilly climate’ women encounter in many physics university departments. Another reason is that feminist analyses reveal that certain styles of doing science are predominant in the culture of physics. I introduce recent philosophical work in social epistemology to argue that the predominance of certain styles of doing science is not good for science. Scientific communities would benefit from greater diversity in styles of doing science.

构建主体性物理课堂现代教学模式

为改变传统的物理教学模式,作者遵循学生的生理、心理发展规律和认知特点,探索构建主体性物理课堂教学结构新模式.引导学生主动参与学习过程,发挥小组合作学习的作用,创设民主和谐的学习氛围,激发学生学习的创造精神,使每个学生在教学中都获得发展.     

设计性物理实验教学模式研究与探索

分析教学模式的实质和特点,针对传统物理实验教学模式存在的问题,结合设计性物理实验特点,研究适合设计性物理实验的教学模式,并在教学实践中进行探索和实践,以提高学生的实验能力和综合素质。