文艺伦理还是文学伦理——论文学伦理成立的基础

文艺伦理和文学伦理的分歧源自学术界对文艺学与文学学或文学理论的不同理解,而文学伦理成立的基础在于文学本身所特有的性质。就学科研究的细致化和专业化而言,对文学这一艺术形式的研究,应当说“文学学“、“文学理论“的称谓更恰当。文学与伦理学都是与找寻人生意义有密切关系的活动,因此文学与伦理学结合的应用伦理学分支学科在应用伦理学的理论框架中被称为文学伦理学,它是以文学活动中的道德伦理问题为主要对象的伦理价值研究。     

中国近二十年来文学道德批评述评

就文学道德批评的方法与效用、地位与取向、角度与模式进行学理的梳理和评析,为即将建构的文学道德学体系提供一个合适的话语平台,在多元并存和跨学科的基础上催生新的批评方法.认为文学道德批评是中国文学研究的一个重要传统,传统文学与道德文化相互发明,共同夯实了具有东方神韵的文学道德宝库.文学道德批评贴近古代文学生态、文学道德的审美呈现,有效地避免了昔日文学研究中的误读和臆测.     

Preparing Professionals to Face Ethical Challenges in Today's Workplace: Review of the Literature,Implications for PI,and a Proposed Research Agenda

Ethics is very much in the news today and on the minds of those who teach and/or train current and future professionals to work successfully in today's workplaces. While there seems to be agreement that organizations need to address the topic of ethics, there is also a concern about how best to proceed. Ethics and compliance offices, professional codes, ethics conferences, institutes, and centers, formal and informal ethics courses, and ethics hotlines are only some of the ways in which organizations have responded to the need for ethics preparedness. The diversity of our organizations and the global nature of our economy demands attention to multicultural/international issues as well. In this review, we examine the diverse body of literature research that explores teaching and training practices used to address ethical issues in corporations and institutions of higher education and include a special focus on multicultural environments. We discuss implications for PI professionals and propose a research agenda.     

我国研究生学术道德培养与监管体系研究综述

研究生学术道德是近年来学术界高度关注的问题,从已有的文献看,我国学者主要从概念定义、行为表现、原因分析、对策建议等方面对研究生学术道德的培养与监管体系进行了较为深刻的研究,提出了很多有价值的观点。从趋势看,从理论研究上升到实证或者案例分析研究,从宏观性对策研究深化到针对性对策研究,从单纯的国内研究上升到国内外的分析比较研究等,应是我国研究生学术道德培养与监管体系研究的重点。     

Whose Ethics? Toward Clarifying Ethics in Mathematics Education Research

The philosophical branch of ethics is foundationally concerned with the question of right or wrong, benevolent or harmful, and ultimately what is proper conduct. The present inquiry addresses two related questions: (1) How have theories of ethics been applied to mathematics education research? and (2) What alternatives have not been considered? What might the implications be if these alternative formulations were considered? To answer the first question, I offer a review of the philosophy of mathematics education literature, considering those articles which discuss ethics and mathematics education together. The ethical perspectives adopted within the literature span normative and non-normative, modern and postmodern orientations towards ethics. To answer the second question, I explored philosophy literature to identify which philosophical perspectives of ethics have (not) been adopted by philosophers of mathematics education research. The structure of this paper parallels these two questions: the first part considers the philosophy of mathematics education research and how researchers have defined ethics while the second part discusses additional philosophical approaches to ethics and puts those approaches into conversation with those identified in part one. I conclude by intertwining these two strands into my central thesis: ethics per se is construed too narrowly in the philosophy of mathematics education literature and considering additional ethical perspectives from philosophy can be generative of new ideas.     

The role of research ethics committees: Friend or foe in educational research? An exploratory study

Ethics committees have an important role to play in ensuring ethical standards (e.g. BERA, ESRC, RCUK recommendations) are met by educational researchers. Balancing obligations to participants, society, institutions and the researchers themselves is not, however, easy. Researchers often experience the ethics committee as unsympathetic to their research endeavour, whilst ethics committees find some research approaches do not make ethical implications sufficiently explicit. This potential for misunderstanding is evident in the literature, but studies investigating how participants perceive this relationship are missing. This research comprises a novel empirical study which explores researcher perceptions of research ethics committees. Fifty-five participants in higher education departments of education responded to an online survey. Open and closed-ended questions were used to collect data on roles, methodological stance, experiences of the research ethics committee, perceived tensions and examples of good practice. The results indicated that contemporary educational researchers regard research ethics committees as friends when researcher and reviewer are transparently engaged in a shared endeavour. When this shared endeavour breaks down, for a variety of reasons—including apparently unreasonable demands or mutual misunderstanding—the research ethics committees can become foes. The difference between foe and friend lies in the quality of communication, clear systems and a culture of respectful mutual learning. The contributions of this study have practical implications for the ways that education researchers and research ethics committees relate to one another within university settings, both to alleviate areas of tension and to arrive at a shared understanding which will enable best ethical research practice.     

Professional ethics education for future teachers: A narrative review of the scholarly writings

This article provides a narrative review of the scholarly writings on professional ethics education for future teachers. Against the background of a widespread belief among scholars working in this area that longstanding and sustained research and reflection on the ethics of teaching have had little impact on the teacher education curriculum, the article takes stock of the field by synthesizing viewpoints on key aspects of teaching ethics to teacher candidates—the role ethics plays in teacher education, the primary objectives of ethics education for teachers, recommended teaching and learning strategies, and challenges to introducing ethics curriculum—and maps out how opinions on these matters have evolved over the three decades since the initial publication of Strike and Soltis’ seminal book, The Ethics of Teaching. In light of the review’s results, the article identifies critical deficits in this literature and proposes a set of recommendations for future inquiry.     

我国研究生学术道德培养与监管体系研究综述

研究生学术道德是近年来学术界高度关注的问题,从已有的文献看,我国学者主要从概念定义、行为表现、原因分析、对策建议等方面对研究生学术道德的培养与监管体系进行了较为深刻的研究,提出了很多有价值的观点。从趋势看,从理论研究上升到实证或者案例分析研究,从宏观性对策研究深化到针对性对策研究,从单纯的国内研究上升到国内外的分析比较研究等,应是我国研究生学术道德培养与监管体系研究的重点。     

德里达及其解构主义理论在中国的研究现状分析——以博士论文为研究范围

近30年来,德里达及其解构主义理论在中国研究如火如荼。通过博士论文研究对比发现,其理论思想来源、解构策略、性质判定以及与马克思主义理论之关系等方面的研究成果显著,但总体上研究中存在着"炒冷饭"特点,重复现象严重,且对其理论本身认知方面存在着巨大反差。随着文献译介工作的进展,德里达及其解构主义研究在重新认识解构主义及其理论性质、其理论与犹太文化之关系、德里达伦理学思想以及文学伦理学批评等方面都潜存着研究增长点。     

Ethical issues in learning analytics: a review of the field

Learning analytics (LA) collects, analyses, and reports big data about learners to optimise learning. LA ethics is an interdisciplinary field of study that addresses moral, legal, and social issues; therefore, institutions are responsible for implementing frameworks that integrate these topics. Many of the ethical issues raised apply equally to educational data sets of any size. However, in this study, we focus on big data that increases the scale and granularity of data gathered. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to critically review the published (2011–2018) scientific literature on LA ethics issues and (b) to identify current trends and answer research questions in the field. This study’s research questions are as follows: what is essential in LA ethics for key educational stakeholders, and what should a proposed checklist for LA ethics include for specific educational stakeholders? After systematically searching online bibliographic databases, journals, and conferences, a literature review identified 53 articles from a sample of 562. The selected articles, based on critical and qualitative content analysis, were exhaustively analysed. The findings demonstrate the shortage of empirical evidence-based guidelines on LA ethics and highlight the need to establish codes of practices to monitor and evaluate LA ethics policies. Finally, this work proposes a useful checklist as an instructional design model for scholars, policymakers, and instructional designers, so that trusted partners may use LA responsibly to improve teaching and learning.

     

客家民间文学作品中的法律问题阐释

透过客家民间文学可以提出很多法律问题,更好地思考法律伦理属性,这既助益法律研究,也可以深化客家民间文学研究。客家民间文学中把问题的解决放在特定语境中,处置复杂事件时注重采风问俗,对民事纠纷的考辨掂量伦常秩序,对刑事案件的推究考虑协商恰切,民众维权手段大多寄托于清官廉吏。     

在构建和谐社会背景下的武德教育

在全面推进素质教育和构建和谐社会的新形势下,需要对传统的武德教育加以改革,才能有利于武德教育的持续发展。本文运用文献资料、访谈法、和综合比较分析法等研究方法,对构建和谐社会背景下的武德教育进行了探讨。认为在构建和谐社会背景下开展武德教育工作是对武德教育的深化和改革,它有利于武德教育同和谐社会接轨,实现全社会的协调、和谐的发展,有利于武德教育的丰富和发展;寓武德教育于教学、训练之中,有利于学生思想道德水平和技术水平的提高,达到技德双修的目的,有利于武术的继承和发展;将武德教育与学校德育教育相结合,有利于和谐校园的构建;将武德教育同社会实践活动相结合,有利于和谐社会的构建。     

中国社会变迁中文学伦理的生成与流变

文学伦理起源、成形于先秦诸子学说的倡导和文学对社会伦理教化功能的理论自觉与实践,并随中国社会的变迁而流变。在漫长的封建社会,占据正统政教地位的儒家诗教进一步强化了文学的社会伦理功能,并使之成为影响制约历代文学的主流文学思想。及至近代,剧烈社会动荡下的文学伦理表现出对人文精神强烈的重溯倾向,文学返璞归真。新中国成立后的文学伦理在政治文化的过度牵制下而异化,并一度疏离文学话语本身。新时期,尤其是社会转型期,文学伦理的倡导和回归,已然成为当下文学健康发展与社会和谐进步的必须。     

Exploring ethical issues associated with using online surveys in educational research

Online surveys are increasingly used in educational research, yet little attention has focused on ethical issues associated with their use in educational settings. Here, we draw on the broader literature to discuss 5 key ethical issues in the context of educational survey research: dual teacher/researcher roles; informed consent; use of incentives; privacy, anonymity, and confidentiality; and data quality. We illustrate methods of addressing these issues with our experiences conducing online surveys in educational contexts. Moving beyond the procedural ethics approach commonly adopted in quantitative educational research, we recommend adopting a situated/process ethics approach to identify and respond to ethical issues that may arise during the conduct, analysis, and reporting of online survey research. The benefits of online surveying in comparison to traditional survey methods are highlighted, including the potential for online surveys to provide ethically defensible methods of conducting research that would not be feasible in offline education research settings.     

Silences of ethical practice: dilemmas for researchers using social media

Social media, such as social network sites and blogs, are increasingly being used as core or ancillary components of educational research, from recruitment to observation and interaction with researchers. However, this article reveals complex ethical dilemmas surrounding consent, traceability, working with children, and illicit activity that we have faced as education researchers for which there is little specific guidance in the literature. We believe that ethical research committees cannot, and should not, be relied upon as our ethical compass as they also struggle to deal with emerging technologies and their implications. Consequently, we call for researchers to report on the ethical dilemmas in their practice to serve as a guide for those who follow. We also recommend considering research ethics as an ongoing dialogical process in which the researcher, participants, and ethics committee work together in identifying potential problems as well as finding ways forward.     

影响徽州拳师伦理道德因素分析

徽州武术是徽州文化的重要组成部分。运用文献资料调研等方法对影响徽州拳师伦理道德的因素进行了分析。认为：新安理学的浸润、徽州教育的宣扬、地理环境的内聚力、宗族制度的控制,都曾发挥了巨大影响。     

国内外旅游伦理研究述评

国外关于旅游伦理的研究坚持以实践为导向,主要从旅游伦理的主体、原则、规范和实践四个方面进行了研究。国内关于旅游伦理研究主要集中在旅游伦理理论构建、旅游伦理实践探索、旅游伦理规范建设和旅游伦理教育强化等四个领域。国内外旅游伦理的研究存在旅游伦理研究对象不清、研究重点不突出、缺乏哲学批判、忽视德性伦理、缺乏多元基础理论等问题,需要从区分旅游活动和旅游经营活动、强化旅游伦理实践伦理问题导向、加强哲学反思和批判、重视德性伦理研究和丰富旅游伦理基础理论等方面推进旅游伦理的研究。     

新世纪文艺道德建设浅议

当代文艺道德建设面临现代技术对人们传统审美意识的消解 ,经济发展对文艺价值的渗透 ,外来文艺思想对传统文艺价值的弱化这样三个主要的问题 ,正视并解决这三个问题必须重塑文艺活动者的主体性 ,正确认识经济因素及现代传媒对文艺价值的影响 ,重新认识传统文艺道德的价值 ,在此基础上建构起符合于当代精神文明发展的社会主义文艺道德     

彝族传统教育经典《玛牧特依》主要内容及特征初探

彝族传统教育经典《玛牧特依》的主要内容涵盖了家庭伦理、社会秩序、人生哲理等方面，其特征主要表现为地方性知识传统、诗性传统、群众性等方面。《玛牧特依》为我们提供了一个十分有价值的研究个案，它是一部“活”的典籍，在彝族认同的实现、文化的传承等方面依然有明显的作用。     

论文学与道德的关系

文学与道德关系的研究属于文学的外部研究,文学和道德在社会结构中都处于离经济基础较远的意识形态层面,属于精神性的活动。文学自发生起就与道德有密切的联系,理清二者的关系对于文学的发展非常重要。