Who benefits from tuition-free,top-quality universities? Evidence from Brazil

This paper investigates the long-term impact on earnings of attending a tuition-free, top-quality university in Brazil. We identify the causal effect through a sharp discontinuity in an admission process based on test scores. If admitted, low-income students are found to increase their earnings by 26% ten years later. However, admission has a small and insignificant effect on high-income students. The difference between income groups is not explained by educational attainment, program choice, or selection into better-paying jobs. The evidence suggests that most low-income applicants, if not admitted, still graduate from college but with much lower returns to education. High-income applicants who just miss the cutoff, however, can find other opportunities such that earnings trajectories are unchanged. Our results underscore the role of affordable higher education in promoting social mobility.     

Keep away from smoking, please！

It is known to all that smoking is a bad habit, which is harmful not only to yourself, but also to others. However, there are still a larg enumber of smokers throughout our country, and the number is increasing year by year. The existing trend is that more and more young people begin to smoke. Statistics indicate that there are more than 60 million smokers who are are under     

except, besides, but, except for, but for, apart from 等的比较及用法

英语except, besides, but, excepting, except for, but for, save, bar,barring, apart from等介词和复合介词,彼此在含义上和用法上多有异同。如何区别和正确使用它们,正是本文所要讨论的。 1.except和besides besides和except含义相反。besides的意思是in addition to, as well as,除……之外还有,包括在其中(including)、而except的意思是but not, not includ-     

何润东VS沈建宏 Olympic Games,start from here,you and me

何润东、沈建宏这对乐坛最年轻、最帅气的父子档打响 PK 战,合作推出《P.K》专辑,将何润东的慈善单曲《我只在乎你》和沈建宏的《半成年》专辑合体上市,给人带来新鲜。正逢奥运年,他们以 PK 的方式将爱心传递的同时也不忘积极支持奥运。当这对干父子遇上运动,又会有怎样好玩的事情发生呢?     

Teachers,tasks, and tensions: lessons from a research–practice partnership

How teachers make sense of new academic standards significantly shapes the implementation of those standards. Professional development organized around the analysis of mathematical tasks has potential to prepare teachers for standards implementation by helping them develop common understandings of standards and how to help students meet ambitious new learning goals. In practice, however, designers and participants bring different goals to the professional development context, which becomes evident when teachers engage in task analysis. In this article, we use the design tensions framework (Tatar in Human Comput Interact 22(4):413–451, 2007. doi: 10.1080/07370020701638814) to analyze these tensions within a research–practice partnership comprised of five university researchers, three district curriculum leaders from a large urban school district, 12 high school Algebra 1 teachers from nine schools in the district, and a small team of Web engineers. Primary data for the study consist of participant observation and field notes of meetings in which project stakeholders negotiated the design of the professional development, as well as interview and survey data. An analysis based on the design tensions framework helped our partnership surface, both in the moment and retrospectively, the need for designers of professional development focused on standards implementation to be adaptive and willing to evolve activities to satisfy multiple stakeholders’ goals for participation.     

Do sports help students stay away from misbehavior,suspension, or dropout?

This paper explores whether high-school sports are functional and accessible activities to keep students from school disciplinary behaviors. For this purpose, we included students racial and linguistic status, socioeconomic status, sex, and prior academic performance with the school’s proportion of free-lunch recipients and minorities, to understand how sport participation affects students of diverse groups. Additionally, the study implemented a multilevel mediation modeling to the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS) data and assessed student dropouts with sequential mediators of sport participation, school misbehavior, and suspension. The findings of the study largely revealed that White students participated in sports more than Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Likewise, students who speak English as the primary language and male students participated in sports more than their counterparts. White sport participants displayed fewer incidents of suspension than White non-sport participants. Black, Hispanic, and White sport participants had lower dropout incidents than their non-sport-participating counterparts.     

Petrology, geochemistry and geodynamics of basic granulite from the Altay area, North Xinjiang, China

INTRODUCTION Due to granulites representing products of thedeeper lower crust-upper mantle and having geneticassociation with early crustal evolution and forma-tion of large-scale metallogenic-forming and nonmetallogenic-forming belts, the study of granulitesin the world has resulted in much recent attention(Zhai and Liu, 2001; Liu and Zhou, 1994; Yu et al.,1998; 2003; Li et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2001; Yuet al., 2002; Bingen and Stein, 2003; Blein et al.,2003; Garcia et al., …     

Education,technology, and the ‘new’ knowledge economy: views from Bongoland

The concept of bridging the digital divide between Africa and the rest of the world draws symbolically on nineteenth century diffusion theories of linear progress and twentieth‐century theories of modernization and development. This paper examines information and communication technology (ICT) policies and public‐access postings on http://www.bongoland.net. Bongoland evokes a quality of life that is hectic, frustrating, and slightly crazy. Where the language of policies envisions that technology will improve life in Bongoland, users’ postings suggest that technology reinforces regional hierarchies. This essay argues that, despite the disarticulation of past and present at narrative levels in policy, the past and the present emerge as related in Bongonians’ online postings.     

Education,poverty, and structural change in Africa: Lessons from Côte d'Ivoire

This article argues that the focus on government expenditure, present in many assessments of the impact of structural adjustment on the social sectors, is misplaced. A case study of Côte d'Ivoire shows that during a period of structural change, the poorest segments of the population suffered a significant deterioration in access to education and educational achievement. Yet, countrywide indicators were stable or declined only slightly, and government expenditure indicators even showed an upward trend. Reliance on the latter would lead to the wrong policy conclusion and the failure to note the needed reorientation of government expenditure and retargeting of education services towards the poorest.     

Prisoners’ academic motivation,viewed from the perspective of self-determination theory: Evidence from a population of Norwegian prisoners

International Review of Education - The study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using...     

Species diversity of Lachnum （Helotiales, Hyaloscyphaceae） from temperate China

INTRODUCTION A large number of Lachnum species have been reported from diverse regions of the world (Dennis, 1949; 1961; Galán and Raitviir, 1994; Haines, 1980; 1992; Haines and Dumont, 1984; Haines and Kaneko, 1984; Sharma, 1986; Singh, 1975; Spooner, 1987; Tai, 1979; Teng, 1934; 1963; Wu et al., 1998; Wu and Haines, 1999; Zhuang and Hyde, 2001). The earliest records of Lachnum in China dated back to 1934 when the Chinese mycologist Teng (1934) reported two species from Zhejian…     

Dilemma——Excerpt from That Was Then,This Is Now

一、INTRODUCTION选文简介： 《艰难的抉择》（Dilemma）一文选自美国作家苏珊·埃洛伊塞·欣顿（Susan Eloise Hinton）1971年出版的小说《此一时，彼一时》（That Was Then,This Is Now）。本文选自该书的第十章。本刊上期已简要介绍了小说的故事梗概。本文讲述布里翁到医院看望女朋友卡西因吸毒而昏迷的弟弟M＆M之后，深夜回到家里，发现马克还没有回家。身心疲惫的布里翁想抽支烟，却意外地从马克放香烟的床垫下面发现了许多毒品。眼前的一切令布里翁既吃惊又难过，他的心里充满了矛盾。面对着这些不知使多少人深受其害的毒品，又想到自己的好兄弟、好朋友马克，布里翁该怎么办呢？他将做出怎样的抉择呢？[第一段]     

Petrological study of the western Iratsu mass from the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, Japan

The western Iratsu mass, the largest tectonic body in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, is mainly composed of epidote amphibolite with minor amounts of eclogite. Systematically, a majority of garnets show bell-shaped chemical zoning of pyrope contents and Mg/(Mg Fe2 ) monotonously increasing outward. The grossular component in zonal garnet increases outwards, maximizes at an intermediate part, and then decreases towards the outermost rim, reflecting a process from increasing to decreasing pressure conditions during the prograde metamorphism. Jadeite contents of omphacite range from 25～20mole% within the cores to 15～10 mole% at the rims, implying a pressure-decreasing process (from 11 × 105 Pa to 8 × 105 Pa). The peak pressure-temperature (P-T) condition of 630～680 ℃ and ca. 15× 105 Pa in the western Iratsu mass is much higher than that of (610±25) ℃ and (10± 1)× 105 Pa of the Sambagawa oligoclase-biotite zone schists. The authors suggest a clockwise P-T-t path for the western Iratsu mass.     

Sources of teachers’ self-efficacy for technology integration from formal,informal, and independent professional learning

Educational technology research and development - Teachers do not consistently maximize the potential of classroom technologies for enhancing student learning. As their self-efficacy is positively...     

Proxy-produced ethnographic work: what are the problems,issues, and dilemmas arising from proxy-ethnography?

This article addresses the implications of researcher-student cooperation in the production of empirical material. For the student to replace the experienced researcher and work under the researcher’s supervision, we call such work proxy-produced ethnographic work. Although there are clear advantages, the specific relations and positions arising from such a set-up between the teacher/researcher and the proxy ethnographer/student are found to have implications for the ethnographies produced. This article’s main focus is to show how these relations and positions have shifted the focus of the ethnographic work and in some way have distorted the ethnographies in certain ways. It is shown how the participating researchers have distinctive, incorporated dispositions with which they pre-consciously participate in an implicit and subtle relation that can make it easy to overlook the distortions during the research process. These ethnographic distortions are generated within a framework drawn primarily on the work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.     

School teacher parents and the retreat from public secondary schooling: A view from the Australian Census, 1976–2001

This article uses data from the Australian Censuses of 1976 and 2001 to measure the extent to which the children of school teachers participated in the middle class shift from public to non-government secondary schooling of the closing decades of the last century. It builds on recent work by Craig Campbell and Geoffrey Sherington on the history of the New South Wales Public comprehensive high school, as well as recent analyses of the relationships between the middle classes and public institutions by sociologists such as Michael Pusey (for Australia) and Stephen Ball (for the United Kingdom). School teachers are of particular interest for a number of reasons including their historically uneasy status relative to other professional occupations and their complex roles as both providers and consumers of school education. The article finds that while school teachers collectively moved their children out of government high schools in common with other middle class parents over the period, there were differences within the category according to parent’s gender and sector of employment.