Science Teachers' Elicitation Practices: Insights for Formative Assessment

In evaluating teachers' instructional decisions during instruction, it is clear that the nature of their elicitation is crucial for student learning. When instructional decisions are informed by information about students' conceptual understanding, significant learning is possible. This article examined the elicitation practices of two high school science teachers who indicated that they made instructional decisions based on the elicited evidence of students' knowledge but whose elicitation practices were characteristic of low-level elicitation. The teachers focused on students' responses that used canonical terms and expressed acceptable knowledge. The teachers demonstrated low-level responsiveness because they did not have full access to students' knowledge. The elicited evidence of students' knowledge that was used in making instructional decisions was not representative of students' conceptual understanding. There was, thus, a mismatch between the teachers' perspectives about their formative assessment practice and what is considered effective formative assessment.     

英语分级教学与形成性评价方法的思考与实践

高职英语是高职教育中一门重要课程,与应用型人才培养的质量密切相关.生源的复杂性给高职英语教学带来很大的难度.针对这一实际情况,在英语教学中采用分级教学,并用形成性评价作为教学的考核方式是一项有效的应对措施.     

Differential Performance by English Language Learners on an Inquiry-Based Science Assessment

The performance of English language learners (ELLs) has been a concern given the rapidly changing demographics in US K-12 education. This study aimed to examine whether students' English language status has an impact on their inquiry science performance. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was conducted with regard to ELL status on an inquiry-based science assessment, using a multifaceted Rasch DIF model. A total of 1,396 seventh- and eighth-grade students took the science test, including 313 ELL students. The results showed that, overall, non-ELLs significantly outperformed ELLs. Of the four items that showed DIF, three favored non-ELLs while one favored ELLs. The item that favored ELLs provided a graphic representation of a science concept within a family context. There is some evidence that constructed-response items may help ELLs articulate scientific reasoning using their own words. Assessment developers and teachers should pay attention to the possible interaction between linguistic challenges and science content when designing assessment for and providing instruction to ELLs.     

How Science Teachers DiALoG Classrooms: Towards a Practical and Responsive Formative Assessment of Oral Argumentation

Journal of Science Education and Technology - We present lessons learned from an ongoing attempt to conceptualize, develop, and refine a way for teachers to gather formative assessment evidence...     

Preparing Teachers to Make the Formative Assessment Process Integral to Science Teaching and Learning

Formative assessment provides a means to successfully scaffold learning. Unfortunately, few teachers understand the pedagogical implications of such scaffolding or their role in utilizing formative assessments. The purpose of our study was to develop an understanding of the experience of being a teacher that is seeking to improve learning through formative assessment and using that understanding to improve our practices in teacher education. Three categories emerged from the data analysis: (1) questioning the validity of tacit pedagogical understandings, (2) understanding the experiences of the students, and (3) exploring the need to develop a more reflexive classroom. The findings from this study are useful for persons seeking to prepare teachers to guide science learning.     

试论大学英语教学形成性评估

大学英语教学引入形成性评估,结合终结性评估可以全面动态地反映学生的学习成果、学习态度、学习策略以及教师的教学方法,可以促进学生有效学习和实现大学英语教学目标。在讨论形成性评估的意义和特点的基础上,从我国的大学英语教学实际出发,提出一些需要解决的问题,为可操作性提出意见。     

基于网络语言训练的形成性评价提高学生英语综合技能的实证研究

本实验借助新视野大学英语网络版系统软件,设计网络语言训练的形成性评价,在学校网站上开展学生自主的英语听、说、读、写、译技能的在线训练。实验从2007年9月开始,一直延续至今,全面考察了基于网络语言训练的形成性评价对学生英语综合应用能力发展的影响。实验表明,在网络+课堂的大学英语新型教学模式中,该评价体系能有效督促学生的网上自主训练,使学生的各项英语技能得到不同程度的发展。     

实施形成性评价改革高职英语口语教学

传统的终结性评价过分强调分数,存在很多弊端;形成性评价则注重对学生学习过程进行评价。在高职英语口语教学中实施形成性评价,能显著地改善口语教学效果,并帮助学生成为自主高效的学习者。     

试论形成性评价在英语口语教学中的运用

形成性评价对于激励学生学习、客观评价学生成绩、增强教学效果等方面有着重要影响。笔者结合教学案例对过程性评价进行有益的实践探索和理论思考,认为在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价,能够激发学生学习口语的兴趣并提高其英语交际水平,能够比较准确客观全面地评价学生英语口语程度,能够有效推进英语口语教学改革创新和提高教学质量,值得进一步推广。     

形成性评价（Formative Assessment）的本质及其对教与学的影响

长期以来,很多学者一直倡导指导教学的评价,即通过评估学生需求和监测其学习进展,适当地设计学习顺序,调整教学策略,改良学习计划,以便有效地促进学习目标的完成。本研究调查了形成性评价在美国中学科学课中的实施情况,并分析其对学生学习进步的影响。研究表明,教师都在努力使用形成性评价来指导教学,而学生取得的成绩各不相同。     

A Model of Formative Assessment in Science Education

This paper reports on the findings of a 2-year research project into the process of formative assessment in the science classrooms of 10 teachers. Formative assessment is defined as the process used by teachers and students to recognise and respond to student learning in order to enhance that learning, during the learning. The findings indicate that the teachers used two kinds of formative assessment, planned and interactive. Planned formative assessment involved the teachers eliciting and interpreting assessment information and then taking action. It tended to be carried out with the whole class. Interactive formative assessment involved the teachers in noticing, recognising and responding, and tended to be carried out with some individual students or small groups. This paper discusses these two types of formative assessment, how they are related, how they are integral to teaching and learning processes, and how they are dependent on teachers' pedagogical knowledge.     

Mathematics Teachers Acting as Informal Assessors: Practices, Problems and Recommendations

The purpose of this paper is initially to present findings which identify components of the practices of teachers acting as assessors of students' mathematics in the normal course of classroom work. At an informal level such practice is found to be complex and intimately related to every aspect of teaching and learning. It is found that even teachers who have undergone some assessment training may underestimate the role of interpretation of evidence, and questions about equity in the uses of teachers' judgements are raised in relation to awareness and practice. It is suggested that more care needs to be taken over the formation and use of professional judgements within systems of assessment.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

形成性评估在大学英语教学中的应用

教学评估是大学英语教学的重要组成部分。随着终结性评估的弊端日益凸显,形成性评估在国内日益流行。形成性评估是对教学过程的评估,同时也是教师获得教学反馈信息的重要依据,以便教师能够及时调整教学方法和内容,最终达到提高教学质量的目的。本文以唐山学院为例,通过结合形成性评估的理论基础,对大学英语教学进行了评估方式的改革,改变了传统的重终结性、轻形成性的评估模式,提高了学生的自主学习能力和学习效果。     

形成性评价在大学英语教学中的应用

评价是教学的重要组成部分,科学的评价体系是实现课程目标的有力保障。在对以往英语教学评价进＋行分析的基础上。文中探讨如何开展英语教学的形成性评价及在大学英语教学中建立相应的全面反映学生学习情况的评价体系。     

Assessment Practices: Empowering Mathematics and Science Teachers in Rural Secondary Schools to Enhance Student Learning

Aligned with recent changes to syllabuses in Australia is an assessment regime requiring teachers to identify what their students ‘know’ and ‘can do’ in terms of the quality of understanding demonstrated. This paper describes the experiences of 25 secondary science and mathematics teachers in rural schools in New South Wales as they explore the changing nature of assessment and its implications on their classroom practice. To help reconceptualise these changes, teachers were introduced to a cognitive structural model as a theoretical framework. Throughout the 2-year study, teachers attended a series of professional development sessions and received ongoing consultative support. Each session was taped and transcribed while interviews were conducted with each teacher at the end of both years. Analysis of these data using a grounded theory approach identified seven major components of teacher practice impacted by the study. The core component was questioning while the six contributing components were teachers’ pedagogical practices, attention to cognition, teaching strategies, assessment linked to pedagogy, classroom advantages for students, and classroom advantages for teachers. These findings represent a major shift in teachers’ perceptions of assessment from a focus on the accumulation of students’ marks to one of diagnosis as a means of directing teaching to enhance students’ scientific and mathematical understandings.     

形成性评价在大学英语教学中的应用研究

形成性评价是相对于终结性评价而言的一种教学评价模式。它所建立的是一种多元化和多样性的教学评价体系,例如对学生在课堂、课外活动、作业、小组活动等方面的表现进行综合评价。该体系注重发挥学生“自我评价”的作用,注重教学的反馈作用,构建新型“教”与“学”之间的关系,将有效提高教学效果。