Foreign direct investment and technological capabilities in Brazilian industry

The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to a further understanding of the implications of the growing presence of foreign affiliates for deepening technological capabilities (TCs) in Brazilian industry. It proposes a TC classification that emphasises the distinction between the use and generation of knowledge and presents a methodology for composing TC proxies by means of an innovation survey database. The findings suggest that both foreign and domestics firms have accumulated substantial capabilities for using existing technology, but only shallow capabilities for locally generating technologies. However, foreign affiliates score higher than their local counterparts in more complex capabilities, confirming their centrality in the Brazilian learning system. This gives ground for urging the elaboration of strategic foreign direct investment (FDI) policies that strengthen and deepen local TCs.     

政府补贴、市场集中度与种业企业技术创新效率的关系——基于省级面板数据

为促进种业技术创新效率提高,基于2013—2018年我国30个省份的种业企业数据,运用DEA-Malmquist模型对企业技术创新效率进行测算和动态分析,并运用面板Tobit模型和门限回归模型分析政府补贴与市场集中度对企业技术创新效率的影响.结果表明:我国种业企业技术创新效率整体偏低,全要素增长率提高主要依赖于技术进步和创新;市场集中度对企业技术创新效率具有负面影响;政府补贴可以促进企业技术创新效率的提高,但效果会受到市场集中度的调节,市场集中度过高会抑制政府补贴的积极效果.基于研究结论,提出加强市场和政府两种手段的协调和控制种业市场集中程度等促进我国种业产业高质量发展的对策建议.     

数字经济领域上市公司技术标准化能力对绩效的影响研究

以数字经济领域上市公司为研究对象,利用截至2018年12月31日相关标准与绩效数据,构建企业技术标准化能力四维评价指标,实证分析技术标准化能力对绩效的影响关系.研究结果显示,技术标准资源投入能力对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;牵头制定国标能力对企业绩效具有显著负向影响;参与制定国标能力对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;行业标准制...     

Profiting from technological innovation by others: The effect of competitor patenting on firm value

In 1986, Teece proposed a seminal framework for analyzing why innovators may fail to benefit from their innovations. He argued, in part, that firms with the requisite complementary assets can often expropriate an innovator's returns especially when appropriability regimes are weak. In this paper, we explore the implications of this framework from the perspective of an incumbent firm—more precisely, of investors in that firm—facing innovation by established corporate rivals and by inventors from outside its industry. We demonstrate that the financial-market value of publicly traded firms depends on patented innovation by competitors (both established rivals and industry outsiders). Our empirical study generates three main results. First, the financial-market value of an incumbent is negatively associated with “important” patenting by outside inventors. Second, in industries characterized by weak appropriability regimes or by a strong reliance on complementary assets, this relationship is reversed: important patenting by outsiders is positively associated with the incumbent's financial-market value. Third, the effect of outsiders’ patented innovation on the focal incumbent is qualitatively different than that of established rivals’ patented innovation on the incumbent. These results are consistent with implications of Teece [Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from Innovation, Research Policy] and with recently developed models that formalize elements of his framework. More generally, these results support theories about both the market-stealing and spillover effects of innovation.     

The effect of technological imitation on corporate innovation: Evidence from US patent data

Technological imitation may play a crucial role in motivating firms to innovate. However, theoretical predictions and empirical findings on the role of imitation have not yet reached a consensus. One major gap in the previous studies is that the empirical tests are based on samples consisting of only one industry over a short period of time. This study uses a novel measure of industry-level technological imitation proxied by quick citations by competitors to examine the relationship between imitation and innovation. Using US patent data for the period 1977–2005, we find that there are inverted U-shaped relationships between the degree of industry-level technological imitation and industry-level innovation activities and between the degree of industry-level technological imitation and the value of firm-level innovation. Our results suggest that positive externalities from the interactions among firms during the innovation process outweigh the negative effects of free-riding concerns on firms’ innovation activities and incentives to innovate up to a high degree of technological imitation, while free-riding concerns outweigh the positive externalities when the level of technological imitation is extremely high. The sector-by-sector analyses show that the relationship between technological imitation and the quantity and market value of innovation are not very different across Pavitt sectors. A comparative analysis on the role of imitation between agglomerated and non-agglomerated industries suggests that the positive effect of a moderate level of imitation and the negative effect of an excessive level of imitation are more pronounced for agglomerated industries. The results suggest that creating innovation clusters, such as Silicon Valley in the United States and Shenzhen City in China, and allowing different innovators to cooperate, imitate and compete with each other would be very effective in promoting corporate innovation. However, an excessively high level of technological imitation is more detrimental for firms in innovation clusters because it lowers those firms’ incentives to innovate more radically.     

An audit of technological innovation capabilities in chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China

Recent studies have advocated different technological innovation capabilities (TICs) and discussed their impact on a firm’s competitive performance. This paper introduces a study framework of innovation audit and examines the relevance of seven TICs to building and sustaining the competitiveness of Chinese firms. Empirical data was acquired through a recent study of 213 Chinese firms in Beijing, China. Regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between TICs and innovation rate, sales growth, and product competitiveness among these firms. The findings verify that R&D and resources allocation capabilities are the two most important TICs. A strong R&D capability could safeguard innovation rate and product competitiveness in large and medium-sized firms, whereas a resources allocation capability would enhance the sales growth in small firms. However, the impact of learning and organising capabilities on a firm’s innovation performance has yet to be investigated.The findings of this paper suggest that Chinese firms should consider a more balanced focus on their TICs’ harmonising enhancement. In order to maintain their sustainable development, effectively plan and implement their innovation strategies as well as enhance their whole innovation capability, Chinese firms should closely relate their TICs to the formulation of technology strategy and harmonisation of innovation and R&D activities.     

基于专利的技术轨道实证研究

 首先介绍了技术轨道的概念与发展,以及S曲线方法在技术轨道研究中的应用与局限性。提出利用专利探讨行业技术轨道问题,并针对笔记本电脑电池领域进行了实证分析。行业技术轨道的关键问题在于预测当前技术的发展和未来替代技术的开端,为此有针对性地进行了三方面的分析：专利递增数量分析、技术更新速度分析、利益相关者分析。     

国内外生物制药产业技术创新管理模式比较研究

从比较管理的视角,通过对不同管理情境下国内外生物制药产业间技术创新管理模式的显著差异及其影响因素与形成机理进行比较,揭示不同国家或地区生物制药产业技术创新管理模式的基本特征、生成与演进机理,分析中国与美、日发达国家生物制药产业技术创新管理模式的具体差异,以期为我国生物制药产业在全球竞争中形成具有自身特色的技术创新管理模式与产业链、提高产业技术创新能力奠定一定理论基础,提供管理思路和对策。     

技术能力成长对企业技术创新的“双刃”影响

本文在对比分析技术能力成长内涵、途径、影响因素和企业技术创新特点的基础上,论述在主导技术范式约束和限制的情况下,技术能力成长对企业进行技术创新产生正负“双刃”影响的机理。然后,进一步阐明基于构建技术能力成长技术集成模式的预防技术能力成长负面影响的对策。     

Mapping technological trajectories of the Green Revolution and the Gene Revolution from modernization to globalization

The dynamics of technology development along the technological trajectories of the Green Revolution and the Gene Revolution could be explicated by the social morphologies of modernization and globalization. The Green Revolution was shaped by the exigencies of modernization, while the Gene Revolution is being shaped by the imperatives of neo-liberal economic globalization. Innovation, development, and diffusion of technologies followed different trajectories in these two realms because of being part of different innovation systems. Considerations of private gain and profit in the form of high returns to shareholders of agro-biotech corporations of global reach, largely, determine the dynamics of technological innovation in the Gene Revolution. Technology transfer and local adaptive work in the Green Revolution was carried out in the international public domain with the objective of developing research capacity in post-colonial Third World agriculture to increase food production to avert hunger-led political insurrection during the Cold War. Differentiating these two trajectories is important not only due to the normative implications inherent in comparing the impacts of these two “revolutions”, but also due to the important lessons we learn about how different contexts of innovation in the same technology cluster could evolve into contrasting research policy regimes.     

企业技术能力与技术创新能力之关系研究

企业技术能力是企业技术进步的基础,而提高企业技术创新能力是企业取得竞争优势的关键,本文从企业技术能力与技术创新能力的概念着手,提出了技术能力与技术创新能力的结构,从深层次角度剖析了企业技术能力与技术创新能力之间的相关性;进而提出了企业要从市场竞争中取得优势,必须使技术能力与技术创新能力两者协调发展,以技术能力基础,不断提高企业的技术创新能力.     

环境规制与行业异质性对制造业企业技术创新的影响——基于我国沿海与内陆地区的比较

基于行业异质性视角,以2010年—2015年我国省级制造业规模以上企业为样本,将环境规制划分为正式型与非正式型两类,对比分析了沿海与内陆地区环境规制、行业异质性对企业技术创新影响的差异。研究发现：(1)从制造业全行业来看,正式型环境规制对技术创新的影响作用在沿海与内陆地区均显著为正;非正式型环境规制对技术创新的影响作用在沿海地区显著为正,在内陆地区作用不显著;环境规制强度对技术创新的影响作用在沿海地区显著为负,在内陆地区显著为正。(2)环境规制对高污染行业的技术创新作用在沿海地区显著为正,在内陆地区显著为负。(3)环境规制对高搬迁成本行业的技术创新作用在沿海地区显著为正,在内陆地区显著为负。     

我国不同所有制企业技术创新能力的行业比较

利用微观企业数据,通过技术创新的投入指标、产出指标、效率指标和基于DEA的Maluquist生产率分解指标,对我国不同所有制企业的技术创新能力进行分行业测度。研究发现:(1)私营企业在大多数行业中的技术创新投入和产出处于优势;国有企业在垄断竞争行业的研发投入和产出相对较多,但在竞争性行业却很少;外资企业和港澳台企业的技术创新投入和产出刚好与国有企业相反。(2)港澳台企业、集体企业、外资企业和私营企业在竞争性行业的创新效率远高于国有企业,不同所有制企业在垄断竞争行业中的创新效率差异不明显。(3)竞争性行业中公有制企业"技术追赶"效应略好于非公有制企业,"技术创新"效应略逊于非公有制企业;在垄断竞争行业在公有制企业和非公有制企业的"技术追赶"效应和"技术创新"效应的差异不明显。     

基于技术知识系统的企业技术能力演化研究

基于企业技术知识系统升级的理论框架,运用案例研究方法,对华录·松下电子有限公司的纵向技术能力演化过程进行了深入分析,构建了系统升级下后发国家企业技术能力演化的理论模型。研究结果表明,技术知识系统演化模型揭示了后发国家企业技术能力提升的本质规律,内在体现为企业技术知识系统能力与技术能力演化战略和策略的匹配,外在表现为由制造技术知识子系统向核心元件、产品架构乃至基础技术知识子系统升级的演化路径。     

双元创新视角下不同质量能力对技术创新的影响

企业质量能力与技术创新都是建立企业竞争优势的关键,但在实践中往往被割裂看待,在理论中缺乏相关性的定量实证研究。以双元创新为视角,根据北京市168家制造企业的调查数据,分别对3种创新方式下的不同质量能力与技术创新水平进行多元线性回归分析,探求创新方式异质性下不同质量能力对技术创新的影响差异。研究结果表明:整体来看,质量能力能够显著促进企业技术创新,其中,采取渐进式技术创新企业的质量控制能力显著促进技术创新,采取突破式技术创新企业的质量保证能力和质量改进能力显著促进技术创新,采取综合式技术创新企业的质量保证能力显著促进技术创新。据此提出建议,开展渐进式技术创新的企业要注重建立质量控制系统,保证质量符合性,及时处理质量偏差;开展突破式技术创新和综合式技术创新的企业都要注重建立质量管理体系并保证其有效运行,及时纠正体系审核问题,同时,开展突破式技术创新的企业还要注重明确质量改进计划,持续改进质量,以促进技术创新的有效性和效率。     

基于隐性知识吸收的企业技术能力演化模型研究

技术能力是企业竞争优势的重要来源,是企业在持续的技术学习中选择、获取、消化吸收、改进和创造技术并使之与其他资源相整合,从而产生产品和服务的累积性知识。技术能力的演化受制于企业的技术学习,而技术学习的有效性又是由企业的隐性知识吸收能力决定的,因此,本文构建了一个基于隐性知识吸收的企业技术能力演化模型。     

从技术差距、吸收能力看FDI与中国的技术追赶

外国直接投资(FDI)是国际技术扩散和转移的一个重要途径。大量关于FDI的研究表明,影响FDI溢出效应的两个核心因素是当地企业与FDI企业的技术差距,以及当地企业的吸收能力。本文在文献研究的基础上,构建了关于技术差距、吸收能力与FDI方式技术追赶的分析框架模型;通过收集近几年的相关数据,在此框架模型下,比较分析了我国经济最活跃的地带之一长三角的上海、江苏和浙江三个地区当地企业与外资企业的技术差距、当地企业的吸收能力和技术追赶情况,进而提出相应的技术追赶战略。     

Explaining early entry into path-creation technological catch-up in the forestry and pulp industry: Evidence from Brazil

Building on Lee and Malerba’s (2017) framework, we explore how leading firms in Brazil’s forestry and pulp industry responded to windows of opportunity, in learning terms, shaping an early entry into path-creation technological catch-up, shifting that industry into a globally leading position. Drawing on an in-depth inductive study based on 50 years of evidence, a 10-year fieldwork in large firms, and on a novel approach to micro-level external and internal absorptive capacity (AC), as empirically observable external and internal learning mechanisms (LMs) underlying firms’ innovative capability accumulation (technological catch-up), we find that: (1) firms responded to changing windows of opportunity by developing dual AC through the intensity and the manner of use of multiple LMs across the emergence, gradual catch-up, and forging-ahead phases of the path-creation process; (2) however, there were variations within and across firms in the effectiveness with which they developed their dual AC over these phases, leading to a non-homogenous technological catch-up: while some firms reached a world-leading capability level, others became fast-followers. We contribute to deepening and refining the understanding of technological catch-up through robust empirical insights on how the dynamic interplay between windows of opportunity and variation in the micro-level dual AC development’s effectiveness helps to explain the nature and extent of firms’ technological catch-up. We also provide a basis to further the analysis of technological catch-up and its learning processes, particularly in natural resources-rich industries in resource-rich developing countries.     

园林解说系统的技术创新探讨

革除空泛"说教",提升"说服"力度,成为我国当前和未来园林解说系统发展的必然选择。本文基于技术创新的时代背景以及园林解说系统的发展现状,以南昌天香园为案例实证分析园林解说系统的有效性,并在此基础上,构建园林解说系统的技术创新模式,提出园林解说系统的技术创新策略。     

持续创新与企业成长--海尔集团公司的成长历程及其启示

本文展现了青岛海尔集团公司持续创新、成长壮大的历史进程,概括了其创业成功的基本经验,旨在为国有企业的发展提供参照.