信息技术对信息环境影响的思考

信息技术的发展在给人类带来进步的同时,也带来生存压力、道德缺失、发展失衡等负面影响.可以说信息环境的形成是依靠信息技术的发展,信息技术的发展之路必须要正视其两面性,应以人类根本利益为归宿,重视构建人文科技,促进人与自然和谐发展.     

A guide to information resources on aging and gerontology

As a result of the graying of the American population, the demand for authoritative information and resources about all aspects of the aging process and later life has exploded. Older people, their families, health and social service professionals, and younger individuals benefit from professional guidance in locating and evaluating Web based resources on such topics as chronic diseases, drug information, benefit programs, housing alternatives, financial and legal issues, and statistics. This article provides an overview of aging in the 21st century and an introduction to the wealth of authoritative information on aging that can be found on the World Wide Web. Capsule reviews of selected Web sites are included.     

定题情报服务的原则和方法

在选择项目时谨记超前性、抓西瓜和量力而行，采取太公钓鱼、全面撒网、有的放矢和筑巢引凤四种形式。在优质服务上，注意情报服务与科研工作相结合，阶段提供与随时提供相结合，显性需求满足与隐性需求满足相结合；贯彻团队服务原则，持业精业、持之以恒原则，熟悉项目和促进科研原则。     

Not just another BI: Faculty-librarian collaboration to guide students through the research process

Many students assigned independent research investigations as class projects do not recognize the role that library research plays in project development. They often have trouble applying their basic library skills to a more sophisticated review of the literature and relating their own survey data to published research. In order to coordinate research guidance for a senior-level class at the University of Delaware, a library instruction session was expanded into a program of continuous faculty-librarian support for students completing the class project. A flow chart of project steps was modified successfully to include opportunities for instructor and librarian consultations and checkpoints for problem identification.     

Ethics of information giving: the librarian's view*

相似文献   

The information and communication technology competencies of students enrolled in school library media certification programs

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) become increasingly prevalent in modern society, improving students' competency with these technologies has become a key focus of 21st century education. Given the interdisciplinary and information rich nature of ICTs, many advocate for school librarians to actively promote their integrative use across the K-12 curriculum. This article asks, “Are school library media professionals adequately prepared for the task of integrating technology and skills into instruction?” It explores the perceived ICT competencies of students enrolled in school library certification programs and the use of ICTs in their school library education programs. Factors identified for discussion include the age of students enrolled in school library certification programs, the evolutionary process of ICT curricular integration, and perceived preparedness to integrate ICTs into instruction despite self-reported low competency levels with many of emerging technologies. Concluding comments encourage design of authentic and meaningful learning experiences that incorporate and promote the integrative use of ICTs in school library certification programs.     

Search systems and their features: What college students use to find and save information

College students have often been surveyed about their general information seeking behaviors. However, little has been done to explore what specific system features they use to find and save information when they are working on their real-life tasks. In this study, 32 college students were invited to an information interaction lab for a session in which they recalled a recently finished task and worked on a to-be-finished task using a computer in the lab. They were asked to complete questionnaires regarding what systems they used to finish their tasks and what features were helpful for searching and for saving information. Results showed that college students rely more heavily on the Internet sources than on library sources, even for their course related work. The study identified fourteen categories of system features helpful for information search and eight categories helpful for information saving. The findings have implications for designing systems that will better help people accomplish their tasks.     

The librarian and the information scientist: Different perceptions among Israeli information science students

This study examined the perceptions of 118 undergraduate information science students enrolled in three different higher education programs in Israel. The classical roles traditionally performed in libraries are still perceived as tasks of the librarian. Tasks related to information itself, such as information retrieval (building, operating, and managing Web sites), information filtering, and matching processed information to the client's personal profile are ascribed to the information scientist. In the three different programs, students perceive the professional image of the information scientist as ranked more highly than that of the librarian. If students are to have a broad and positive perspective of their profession, then perhaps there is a need to emphasize the technical topics that are related to the role of the information scientist, as well as those related to the traditional roles of the librarian.     

Teaching students about information: Information literacy and cognitive authority

Scholarship has not undergone a paradigm shift in terms of argument and research with the introduction of the Web-based information world. Searching, on the other hand, has undergone a significant shift. In teaching students to find, use, and evaluate information, librarians and instructors need a useful model of the information world that enables them to teach students about information. A practical example of how this may be accomplished is presented.¹     

The federal government and information technology standards: Building the national information infrastructure

For many years, standards have been important considerations in the Federal government's policies for the use of information technology. The Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology develops and issues technical standards that are used by the Federal government in its information technology systems. The new Federal initiative for the National Information Infrastructure (NII) and the National Performance Review (NPR) make information technology an agent for change and emphasize standards as a means for achieving connectivity of computer and telecommunications technologies and for easy access to information. The Federal government will be challenged to address the technical, organizational, and policy issues that affect the development of the standards needed for future information systems.     

优化本科生文献信息服务的路径

文章指出了目前我国高校图书馆本科生文献信息服务的不足之处,提出了优化服务的四条路径,即改进服务方式,提升服务定位;与教师合作,全程介入课程;丰富信息提供种类,成为高校资讯中心;充分发挥学生积极分子的作用。     

Authors and information technology: new challenges in publishing

Last year 1279 professional authors completed a lengthy questionnaire on their use of, and attitudes towards, technological tools for writing and publishing. The data were analysed quantitatively, by examining the most frequent responses to items on the questionnaire, and qualitatively, by looking closely at details illuminating the relationship between authors and publishers. The results, for present purposes, are divided into three broad bands of interest: first, what types of writing software authors are currently using; second, what the implications of using authors’ disks in the publication chain are; and third, how technology alters perceptions of the ‘copy’ as a unit of sale. Findings suggest that though authors are operating at basic levels, they have embraced technology with more enthusiasm than their publishers. The challenge facing those involved in books is to make provision for presenting and displaying work in electronic form: to improve contracts and licensing agreements, and to disseminate information on technology to authors.     

Health smart cards: merging technology and medical information

Smart cards are credit card-sized plastic cards, with an embedded dime-sized Integrated Circuit microprocessor chip. Smart cards can be used for keyless entry, electronic medical records, etc. Health smart cards have been in limited use since 1982 in Europe and the United States, and several barriers including lack of infrastructure, low consumer confidence, competing standards, and cost continue to be addressed.     

Computers and medical information: an elective for fourth-year medical students

The Computers and Medical Information elective is a collaborative effort to expose students to a variety of computer applications for medical information management. The course has a modular format so that students can work with a variety of people who are enthusiastic users of computer-based information systems. The elective emphasizes learning by doing. Faculty introduce concepts and systems and serve as guides in the use of systems. Students have rated the course positively and, after four years as an elective, some of the course's content has been integrated into the required curriculum.     

Using collaborative teaching and inquiry project-based learning to help primary school students develop information literacy and information skills

Information literacy and information technology (IT) skills have become increasingly important in today's knowledge society. Many studies have shown that students from primary school to postgraduate lack crucial information literacy and IT skills, hence there is a need for an effective pedagogical approach that will develop these skills. This study investigated the effect of combining a collaborative teaching approach with inquiry project-based learning (PjBL) on the development of primary students' information literacy and IT skills. Students in a Hong Kong primary school completed two inquiry-based group projects. A collaborative teaching approach involving three teachers in different subject areas (general studies, Chinese, and IT) and the school librarian was adopted in guiding students through the two projects. Results indicate that this program had a positive impact of on the development of different dimensions of the students' information literacy and IT skills.     

How high-school students find and evaluate scientific information: A basis for information literacy skills development

This study examined the relationship between curricula in secondary-level science classrooms, which support development of information literacy skills, and actual student skills. A vast body of research reflects deep concern with the level of information literacy skill development among secondary and post-secondary students. But even when educational curricula mandate skill development, many students are unable to demonstrate sophisticated information searching and critical evaluation skills. The findings of this study, which we based on analyzing information seeking tasks and conducting interviews with students in three biology classes in a large urban high school, demonstrated a similar lack of skills. Pressure on teachers to “teach to examinations”—that is, to focus on substantive content rather than on information literacy skills and information literacy skills deficits among teachers themselves—is a possible explanation for these results. The study is of particular interest to teachers of the curriculum applicable in the study context, but the broader implications of repeated indications of gaps in students' information literacy skills are a significant indicator that schools must assume a larger responsibility for information literacy instruction. Leaving skill development to the post-secondary environment will not ensure that citizens are sufficiently skilled to participate fully in 21st century life, in workplaces or in their personal life contexts.