教育对经济增长的贡献——理论与方法的演变及其启示

教育与经济增长的关系是教育经济学研究的一个经典问题,已有研究在教育如何作用于经济,教育对经济增长的贡献到底如何测量上一直存在较大的争议。中国作为一个后发追赶型的二元经济,四十多年的发展很难用西方经济学的某一理论解释,探讨教育与经济增长的关系需要建构统一的理论框架。基于新古典增长理论、新经济增长理论以及蔡昉、罗斯托的经济发展阶段理论,寻找各种理论与方法的内在逻辑及其存在的问题,结合中国改革开放四十多年发展的阶段特征,分析教育对经济增长的作用机制并尝试提出符合中国经济社会发展实际的教育对经济增长贡献的测量框架。一方面通过分阶段分产业分部门进行增长要素分析,基于作用机制分别测算教育提升生产过程劳动力质量的贡献,提升整个社会人力资本与知识水平的外部作用,提升技术创新的作用,提升技术吸收能力的作用以及在资本积累方面的贡献。另一方面借鉴舒尔茨的投资收益法,在分产业分部门的教育投资收益法基础上,通过加权的方式,计算各阶段中国教育对经济增长的贡献。另外,选择的教育指标能否实质性地捕捉到各个发展阶段的教育特征也是测算贡献的一个重要问题,人力资本指标的选择应该反映市场上不同时期对不同能力与技能的需求变化。     

“良知说”的主体性道德思想

"良知说"是王阳明心学思想体系的核心,它把道德基础从外在的天理内化到人的本心,凸现道德实践过程中的主体性、自觉性和能动性。致良知,从道德实践活动和道德修养的角度,体现着主体性道德精神。     

Education research and the natural sciences: What can be learned from chaos theory?

This article explores some aspects of the relationship between education research and the natural sciences. It begins by pointing out that empirical or positivist science of the Modern era has had a powerful influence on the method and on the products of education research. From there the article moves to discuss the post modern sciences of the current era and speculative examples are given of the way they too may influence the method and the products of education research. In conclusion it is argued that this can and will occur as both education research and post modern science inhabit the same cultural and epistemological field.     

传播媒介的演进及传播理论对教育教材的影响

教育是传递人类文明和传统的活动,有着其特定的和特殊的影响和作用,其作为人类文明传播的特殊形式,同样伴随着传播媒介的演进而有着一定的变化.教育传播的内容,要传递下去都需要负载于某种媒介,才能被受者接受和理解.因此,我们研究传播媒介历史的演进有助于理解在教育传播中,教育传播内容的栽体一教材是如何演变的.     

Complementary roles of care and behavioral control in classroom management: The self-determination theory perspective

This study examined how classroom management practices—care and behavioral control—were differentially associated with students’ engagement, misbehavior, and satisfaction with school, using a large representative sample of 3196 Grade 9 students from 117 classes in Singapore. Results of hierarchical linear modeling showed differential relations. After controlling for students’ gender and socioeconomic status, both care and behavioral control were positively related to student engagement. Moreover, behavioral control was a significant negative predictor of classroom misbehavior and care was a significant positive predictor of satisfaction with school. Our findings underscore the importance of blending care and behavioral control to achieve multiple goals of classroom management.     

基于行为财务理论的投资时机研究

行为财务理论基于投资者有限理性假设,认为其投资时机的选择往往会系统性地偏离最优决策模式,而代表性启发式认知偏差是其中的原因之一。手热效应与赌徒谬误效应是人们启发式认知判断的结果,都对投资者决策时机的选择具有十分显著的影响,但它们发生效应的情境具有适应性。在持续盈利的情境下手热效应大干赌徒谬误效应,而在持续亏损的情境下赌徒谬误效应大于手热效应。     

The use of expectancy theory and the theory of learned helplessness in building upon strengths of ethnic minorities: The black experience in the United States

Members of ethnic minority groups experience uncontrollability more than do members of the majority culture. Therefore, they exhibit the deficits associated with learned helplessness which include inhibition of behavioral responses, cognitive deficits (negative expectancies), lowered self-esteem and depressed mood. From the literature of the culture of Black Americans emanates the image of the dream and the interactional style which engenders positive expectancies, reversing apathy and learned helplessness. Building upon the strengths of an ethnic minority by using their indigenous literature to reduce the motivational and cognitive deficits associated with learned helplessness, can make a difference.     

现代激励理论的演进轨迹：二维框架分析

激励问题的研究从最初的经济学领域发展到管理学领域,并向各种社会组织领域延伸。激励理论的现有研究逻辑轨迹主要呈二个维度：一是以心理诱导为逻辑,在经验总结和科学归纳基础上形成的管理学激励理论：二是在人的理性假设基础上,以利益关联为逻辑,通过严密的逻辑推理和数学模型获得的经济学激励理论。激励理论的借鉴,须充分了解、分析其运作条件和预期效果,注重分析其使用环境的差异性,权变地甄别激励方法,使之符合我国企业实际。     

《庄子》内篇到外杂篇的嬗变过程浅论

《庄子》与“庄学”之间有着一定的区别,“庄学”在某些地方甚至走向了《庄子》的反面,但是,《庄子》与包括外杂篇在内的“庄学”并没有被人截然分开,而以一个整体形象被人们所 接受,这是因为庄学对《庄子》的嬗变是以一种巧妙的方式进行的,这主要表现在两个方面:一是外 杂篇仿用内篇语言,并使用了内篇所使用的艺术手法;二是外杂篇对内篇思想进行了引申、发展、补 充和变换。     

Attributional and behavioral changes following two behavior management interventions with hyperactive boys: a follow-up study

In a 6-month follow-up study of 2 interventions with hyperactive boys, different patterns of improvement were observed for an intervention which focused on self-control and 1 which employed contingent social reinforcement. Of the 2 manipulations, self-control methods produced significantly stronger long-term benefits in terms of the child's increased perception of personal control over academic outcomes; social reinforcement, on the other hand, produced significantly stronger long-term benefits in terms of teacher ratings of hyperactivity or impulsivity (Conners Teacher Rating Scale). Both interventions produced stable changes in terms of decreased behavioral impulsivity as measured by qualitative error scores on the Porteus Mazes.     

Contributions from sociology of science to mathematics education in Brazil: logic as a system of beliefs

In Brazil, mathematics education was associated with Jean Piaget’s theory. Scholars in the field of education appropriated Piaget’s work in different ways, but usually emphasized logical aspects of thought, which probably lead to an expansion of mathematics education influenced by psychology. This study attempts to extend the range of interlocutions and pose a dialogue between the field of mathematics education in Brazil and the sociology of science proposed by David Bloor. The main point of Bloor’s theory is that logical-mathematical knowledge is far from being true and universal and is socially conditioned. In particular we will be discussing the first principle of the strong program, which deals with conditions that generate beliefs promoted by education policies in Brazil, such as the MEC/USAID treaties. In this case the “naturalization of logic” was stimulated by a widespread diffusion of both Piaget studies and the Modern Mathematics Movement.