上海市社区群众性体育健身团队的调查研究

运用文献资料、实地调查和数理统计等方法对上海市社区群众性体育健身团队的现状进行了深入的调查研究和分析.结果显示:健身团队主要以中老年人为主,女性多于男性;不同区(县)的社区健身团队发展不平衡,分布不合理;绝大多数团队的活动仅能满足于日常锻炼,缺乏场地设施和展示平台,活动规模和水平不高.提出了发展和建设社区健身团队的相应对策和建议.     

再论群众体育与社会体育——概念之间关系的梳理与辨析

在“社会体育”以法的形式被加以确定后,“群众体育”的概念仍然有较高的使用频率,特别是在政府的重要文件中也是如此.二者是异还是同？以概念的重要性与概念研究引入,从以群众体育到社会体育为主线,论述了群众体育概念的演变及其对二者间关系的三种认识：学术研究视野下的互相替代关系、包容关系、工作视野下的群众体育.     

A sport for all programme in school: girls’ experiences

This article examines a Swedish Sport for All Programme (SAP) in school. We use a case study to discuss girls’ debut in alternative sports programme organized in collaboration between school and the sports movement. The empirical data are derived from repeated focus group interviews with one group of seven 10-year-old girls participating in one SAP. The analyses focus on their subjective experiences and how broader gender structures influence these experiences. Drawing on the results of this study, we argue that certain sports can be interpreted as oppressive activities that produce asymmetric power relationships between different groups of children. Simultaneously, the girls see the idea of sports as joyful activities, without male abuse and oppression or hierarchical gender relationships. Based on the girls’ accounts, we claim that both the leaders and the children actively reproduce gender stereotypes in the SAP.     

澳门大众体育发展模式研究

采用文献资料、逻辑分析、问卷调查与访谈等方法,首先对澳门社会的发展变化,大众体育的发展特征及其功能作用进行研究,寻找理论依据、建立澳门大众体育的目标模式.其次,调查澳门大众体育发展现状,找出存在的问题,研究、分析问题产生的原因.最后,针对澳门大众体育现状中存在的问题及其产生的原因并依据目标模式进行澳门大众体育发展模式的研究,从体制、机制、法制等方面保障澳门大众体育顺利运作.     

世界大众体育大会的演进及启示

通过文献资料、专家访谈、历史分析等方法,对国际大众体育兴起的社会背景进行深入分析。在此基础上分析并阐述了国际奥委会为推进大众体育在全球的开展,在国际奥委会中设立了大众体育委员会专门机构,考察了世界大众体育大会及世界大众体育运动会的创立和发展,并对世界大众体育大会对国际大众体育的影响进行回顾。最后,以历届世界大众体育大会的主题为线索,探寻促进我国大众体育发展的科学路径。     

Narrative inquiry: ongoing conversations and questions for sport and exercise psychology research

Narrative inquiry, as one form of qualitative research, has recently attracted some interest within the field of sport and exercise psychology. Seeking to be theoretically imaginative and instigate dialogue, this article focuses attention on five main issues within ongoing conversations among sport and exercise psychology researchers who promote and/or engage in narrative research. Theoretically inspired and grounded, these interrelated issues include, motivations for why researchers have turned to narrative, the concept of ‘the self’, interviewing, the issue of ‘truth’, and representation. Some implications of these issues for sport and exercise psychology are also highlighted. The article closes with some reflections about the future directions that narrative inquiry might take.     

Biomagnetism: a new tool in sport and exercise science

Biomagnetometry is a non-invasive technique for detecting magnetic fields associated with the electrophysiology and magnetic susceptibility of body tissues. The aims of this paper are to provide a review of the discipline of biomagnetism and its measurement using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and to discuss the potential utility of this technique in sport and exercise science. A tutorial section is presented to provide an introduction to the theory and practical application of SQUID biomagnetometry. A review of the biomagnetism literature demonstrates the variety of previous biomagnetic investigations and suggests several potential applications of biomagnetometry in sport and exercise science. A discussion of these includes an assessment of the advantages of measuring biomagnetic fields as opposed to electrical potentials, with particular reference to the improved precision and accuracy of physiological source modelling using biomagnetic data. There is evidence to suggest that SQUID biomagnetometry would provide useful (and perhaps unique) information on functional, anatomical and physiological assessments in sport and exercise science. Further investigations of biomagnetometry in this discipline should focus on three main areas: cardiology, encephalography and neurology, and body composition assessment.     

普通高校大学生休闲体育的参与行为分析

以斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯组织行为理论为基础,综合运用访谈法、文献资料法,分析当代大学生参与休闲体育的行为,探讨了当代大学生参与休闲体育的个体行为、群体行为和组织行为,并从这三个层次分析影响大学生参与休闲体育行为的因素,提高大学生综合管理体育锻炼行为的能力,达到改善他们休闲体育参与行为效果的目的,最终提高大学生的身体素质和健康水平.     

Non-targeted metabolomics in sport and exercise science

Metabolomics incorporates the study of metabolites that are produced and released through physiological processes at both the systemic and cellular levels. Biological compounds at the metabolite level are of paramount interest in the sport and exercise sciences, although research in this field has rarely been referred to with the global ‘omics terminology. Commonly studied metabolites in exercise science are notably within cellular pathways for adenosine triphosphate production such as glycolysis (e.g., pyruvate and lactate), β-oxidation of free fatty acids (e.g., palmitate) and ketone bodies (e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate). Non-targeted metabolomic technologies are able to simultaneously analyse the large numbers of metabolites present in human biological samples such as plasma, urine and saliva. These analytical technologies predominately employ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Performing experiments based on non-targeted methods allows for systemic metabolite changes to be analysed and compared to a particular physiological state (e.g., pre-/post-exercise) and provides an opportunity to prospect for metabolite signatures that offer beneficial information for translation into an exercise science context, for both elite performance and public health monitoring. This narrative review provides an introduction to non-targeted metabolomic technologies and discusses current and potential applications in sport and exercise science.     

Research methods in sport and exercise psychology: quantitative and qualitative issues

Contemporary aspects of research methods in sport and exercise psychology are discussed in this wide-ranging review. After an introduction centred on trends in sport and exercise psychology methods, the review is organized around the major themes of quantitative and qualitative research. Our aim is to highlight areas that may be problematic or controversial (e.g. stepwise statistical procedures), underused (e.g. discriminant analysis), increasingly used (e.g. meta-analysis, structural equation modelling, qualitative content analysis) and emergent (e.g. realist tales of writing). Perspectives range from the technical and speculative to the controversial and critical. While deliberately not providing a 'cookbook' approach to research methods, we hope to provide enough material to help researchers to appreciate the diversity of potential methods and to adopt a more critical perspective in their own research consumption and production.     

国内外大众体育成功发展模式的启示

阐述了国际大众体育的发展现状,分析了韩国以及上海市大众体育的成功发展模式,提出了我国大众体育发展的3个目标以及策略:构建开放式大众体育组织网络,不断完善群众体育组织网络;充分发挥社会体育指导员的作用,加快大众体育的科学化进程;大力发展大众体育产业。     

对学生体育兴趣培养与体育参与相互关系的探讨

文章通过对体育兴趣与体育参与两者之间的内在联系以及两者相互关系的重要性和必要性的探讨和研究,揭示了体育兴趣对体育参与活动具有指向和强化作用,反过来,体育参与对体育兴趣的激发在一定条件下起着积极的促进作用。并且分析了影响体育参与的因素,提出了培养体育兴趣的新思路。     

我国两广城镇大众体育现状的比较研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、现场访谈、比较分析等方法，针对我国广东、广西两省城镇在社会、经济、大众体育的组织管理、参加体育活动的价值取向、体育人口、参与健身活动项目、体育消费等方面的现状进行比较研究。研究表明，两广在发展大众体育中存在差异，对产生差距的原因进行分析，并提出了发展广西大众体育的对策与建议。     

体育强国视域下我国群众体育发展对策探索

群众体育受制于其发展地位、物质基础、体育文化等客观条件,与竞技体育相比,我国群众体育总体发展水平低、地域发展不平衡、整体发展不全面.后奥运时期,我国应明确群众体育的发展地位,确立政府为主市场为辅的资金来源和管理模式,增加群众体育科技投入,进行各种体育资源的有效利用,提高我国体育传统文化软实力,实现体育强国目标.     

Estimation versus falsification approaches in sport and exercise science

There has been a recent resurgence in debate about methods for statistical inference in science. The debate addresses statistical concepts and their impact on the value and meaning of analyses’ outcomes. In contrast, philosophical underpinnings of approaches and the extent to which analytical tools match philosophical goals of the scientific method have received less attention. This short piece considers application of the scientific method to “what-is-the-influence-of x-on-y” type questions characteristic of sport and exercise science. We consider applications and interpretations of estimation versus falsification based statistical approaches and their value in addressing how much x influences y, and in measurement error and method agreement settings. We compare estimation using magnitude based inference (MBI) with falsification using null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), and highlight the limited value both of falsification and NHST to address problems in sport and exercise science. We recommend adopting an estimation approach, expressing the uncertainty of effects of x on y, and their practical/clinical value against pre-determined effect magnitudes using MBI.     

学生运动参与的社会心理学分析

运用社会心理学的一些原理,对学生运动参与进行分析,结果表明:他人和群体对学生运动参与的影响是直接的,有效的.体育工作者科学地、合理地、自觉地去认识与运用这一原理,往往能促进学生运动参与,使他们投入到运动活动中.     

Proposing application of results in sport and exercise research reports

The application of sport and exercise research findings to practice requires careful interpretation and integration of evidence. This paper reviews principles of evidence-based practice and the application of research in sports and exercise, in order to provide recommendations on developing appropriate application sections in research reports for sport and exercise journals. The strength of recommendations for application fall into one of four levels, with potential applications qualified as strong, limited, preliminary, or hypothesized. Specific limitations that should be discussed in framing recommendations for practice are also noted for each of these levels that should be useful for authors, and for practitioners and clinicians in interpreting these recommendations.     

长江三角洲地区大众的体育活动 参与度对体育价值观的影响

采用问卷调查法与数理统计法,剖析长江三角洲地区大众的多元化体育价值取向,研究体育活动参与度对体育价值观的影响.结果表明,有助于树立良好体育价值观的体育活动参与度为每周3～4次,每次1 h左右.在实施全民健身计划的过程中,应大力普及体育知识,引导居民树立科学、健康的体育价值观,尽最大努力调动大众参与体育活动的自觉性.