The philosophy of chemistry

Although chemistry is by far the largest scientific discipline according to any quantitative measure, it had, until recently, been virtually ignored by professional philosophers of science. They left both a vacuum and a one-sided picture of science tailored to physics. Since the early 1990s, the situation has changed drastically, such that philosophy of chemistry is now one of the most flourishing fields in the philosophy of science, like the philosophy of biology that emerged in the 1970s. This article narrates the development and provides a survey of the main topics and trends.     

科学研究不问出身科学面前人人平等

民间科学应该成为我国科技现代化不可或缺的力量。但是与发达国家相比,我国民科发展困难重重,整体水平有待进一步提高。《科学对社会的影响》十分关注民科发展,两年前曾组织过专栏讨论。近来中央提出了在15年内把我国建设成为科技创新型国家的宏伟目标,这就为来自各行各业有更多原始创新性的民科发展提供了一个良好的机遇。2005年首届全国民间科技研讨会在长沙的召开,2006年全国民间科技深圳论坛的召开,为今后我国民科的迅速发展,以及专业和民间两支科研力量优势的互补奠定了良好的基础。这一期的科学文化专栏,我们邀请对中国民科发展非常关注的一些专家学者一起探讨近年民科的现状、它今后的任务和发展途径。     

“管理哲学”何为

认为“管理哲学”学科的研究对象是知识形态的管理思想与理论,通过与“管理学原理”、“管理思想史”、“管理学方法论”等学科的对比,指出管理哲学在管理学体系中的定位应当是一门功能服务性的基础学科,其主要功能包括:揭示管理学知识与管理实践的因果链;考察管理学理论建构方法;关注管理学前沿领域问题,服务于管理学理论的发展与创新。     

电子智库:何以可能与何以所为

随着知识政治的发展,传统智库的功能局限性日益明显。互联网技术的发展为改变这些局限性提供了可能性。论文通过将互联网技术引入传统智库之中,提出了电子智库这一概念,并从顶层架构、数据库模型、知识应用模块、运行机制四个方面进行了建构,以期革新传统智库的运行模式。     

College Chemistry: how a textbook can reveal the values embedded in chemistry

This paper explores the norms, values and ethical attitudes that Linus Pauling wanted to convey to his students in his famous textbook College Chemistry. In this classic textbook, Pauling aimed to introduce beginners into the world of chemistry by presenting chemistry as a systematic science based on a collection of empirical data and a recent theoretical framework. In doing so, he expressed his epistemic and didactic choices clearly. College Chemistry therefore offers an ideal opportunity to examine some of the norms at the core of chemistry's 'moral economy'.     

放大科技计划正外部效应途径分析——芬兰科技计划组织机制对我国的启示

以政府资金为主的国家科技计划具有明显的公共产品的性质,政府组织实施科技计划不仅仅是为了促进某一领域或专题的科技水平,更重要的是通过科技计划的辐射作用,提升整个国家的科技实力、科技能力和科技效力,最终促进经济、社会的快速发展。通过对芬兰科技计划组织机制的分析,得出放大科技计划外部效应的4个途径,并提出若干关于科技计划组织管理的政策建议。     

工程哲学:技术哲学经验转向的对象性成果

技术哲学研究走向成熟的同时也暴露出了这一学科本身研究范式上的缺陷,由此引发了当代西方技术哲学的经验转向.技术哲学的"经验转向"不仅是研究方法的转向,更重要的是研究对象的转向,即将工程正式纳入哲学研究的范畴,进而开辟一个新的研究领域--工程哲学.     

中国哲学中的休闲

“休闲”这个名词,容易遭致误解。 人们通常以为,工作疲劳了,需要放下工作去休息,于是在休闲与休息之间划上了等号;也有人以为,工作是为了活得快乐,于是工作时拼命干,业余时间拼命玩,于是,休闲成了娱乐的代名词。还有人认为,一个人何须活得那么劳累?于是,无须工作,也无所谓休息,这样,休闲变成了懒散和无所事事。     

北京地区科学技术成果在中国的扩散模式——从技术市场的角度看

北京作为科技资源最为密集的地区,其科技成果在全国各地区得到了何种程度的产业化,从一定程度上反映了国家科技计划在创新中的作用。将全国划分为环渤海地区、珠江三角洲地区、长江三角洲地区、西部地区、东北地区五个部分,描述了全国各地区与北京技术交易的现状,并从经济发展水平、地理位置、科技创新资源等几个方面分析了影响区域间技术交易的因素。其研究结论是:企业的创新能力及活跃程度越高的地区对技术转移的吸纳能力也就越强,地理的毗邻性为技术转移提供了天然的便捷性,本地科技资源的短缺程度和地区的合作意愿也是决定技术转移流向的趋势之一。     

Why do small and medium enterprises use social media marketing and what is the impact: Empirical insights from India

Increasingly firms are looking to use social media to connect with different stakeholders as plans on building presence on such platforms are becoming part of top-level strategy. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that would help the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of India to adopt Social Media Marketing (SMM) mechanisms for improving their business impact. Adoption of SMM by SMEs has considerable impact on the improvement of business outcome of the SMEs. A theoretical model has been developed with the help of theory borrowed from TAM and UTAUT2 with some modifications to explore this impact through business performance, sales, connect with customers, identify customer' needs and creativity of the employees. The theoretical model has been validated empirically using a survey of 310 firms and subsequent analysis have been carried out using structured equation modelling. The results highlight that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and compatibility positively affect impact of SMM after adoption by the SMEs. The facilitating conditions have insignificant impact whereas cost has a significant but negative impact on the use of SMM by SMEs. Since there are a few studies in this context, the study contributes to existing literature on the impact of SMM in SMEs in an emerging economy.