对图书馆开展政府信息公开查阅服务的思考

图书馆应以政府信息公开为契机,充分利用各种资源条件,挖掘服务潜能,创新服务领域,发挥自身优势,做好政府信息资源汇集和政务信息查询利用服务工作.     

世纪之交的参考咨询工作

我们所处的时代,是一个信息化的时代.社会发展的趋势,就是信息社会化,社会信息化,而图书馆则被看作是重要的文献信息中心.在这世纪之交,如何发挥图书馆信息中心的作用,满足社会各方面的需要,进而得到公众的承认并改变图书馆被冷落的困难状况,笔者认为:进一步深入开展参考咨询工作是其重要的,有效的途径之一.为此,笔者拟从省会市级公共图书馆的角度,对参考咨询工作进行一些探讨.     

Medical knowledge for clinical problem solving: a structural analysis of clinical questions.

Despite technological advances that support wide-ranging access to and transfer of knowledge, practicing physicians continue to underutilize current biomedical literature. This paper explores the nature of clinically applicable medical knowledge through a structural analysis of clinical questions. The author analyzed a set of sixty questions, based on actual online search requests of practicing physicians, for stated and unstated needs, certainty levels, implicit and explicit assumptions, decision-making processes, and type of answer required. As a result, four states of information valuable in patient care were identified: prediagnostic assessment, diagnosis, treatment choice, and learning. These states are presented in frame-like structures that integrate declarative and procedural components of medical decision making. It is concluded that clinical problem solving requires a blend of declarative and procedural knowledge. The ratio depends, in part, upon the reasoning process underway at the time of the request. Procedural knowledge required for clinical problem solving may be absent from current biomedical journal literature or difficult to identify.     

金融情报学:情报学的重要分支学科

迄今为止,金融情报研究及金融情报学研究的投入偏少,且仅有零星成果,尚未引起情报学界高度重视,尚未达到已建起金融情报学学科的程度。从对宏观背景进行的考察可以看到,国家战略、风险防控、技术条件及情报学和金融学学科自身等方面的因素,共同决定了金融情报学学科亟待建立、建设和发展。金融情报学的主要研究内容包括:核心概念界定,由情报学已有积淀转化成的金融情报学研究内容,金融实践为金融情报学提供的内涵丰富的研究对象等。金融情报学建立、建设和发展中的若干关键点是:实现情报学自身的提升,实现情报学与金融学的相融,实现思维方式的相应转变,以及实现由金融数据到金融情报的转化。     

Business Informatics and the Information Systems Perspective: Implementing the IS 2010 Curriculum

This article describes how the Business Informatics program at Northern Kentucky University (NKU) has evolved and, in so doing, has addressed the call from the IS 2010 Curriculum Design Committee listed below. The article initiates this discussion with a discussion of the basic systems perspective that underlies the information systems discipline. The next section presents a review of the creation of a College of Informatics (COI) at NKU that included the strategic decision of structurally moving the Information Systems Department from the College of Business. The authors then document the perceptual shift this decision created as the Information Systems Department changed its name to Business Informatics and took on the goal of expanding the discipline beyond the business domain with partnerships across campus. A short discussion on the progress made in implementing this vision is detailed. The article closes with a discussion of problems and opportunities generated.     

以"契约信息服务"推动科技图书馆的深化服务--以中科院资源环境科学信息中心的契约服务为例

“契约信息服务”引入图书馆，是图书馆与社会主义市场经济相和谐的标志之一。“契约信息服务”所表现出来的优势和特征，为图书馆深化服务的持续发展注入了活力。“契约信息服务”的实践探索，证明了它存在与发展的生命力。     

The information needs and behaviour of clinical researchers: a user-needs analysis

AIMS: As part of the strategy to set up a new information service, including a physical Resource Centre, the analysis of information needs of clinical research professionals involved with clinical research and development in the UK and Europe was required. It also aimed to identify differences in requirements between the various roles of professionals and establish what information resources are currently used. METHODS: A user-needs survey online of the members of The Institute. Group discussions with specialist subcommittees of members. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety members responded to the online survey of 20 questions. This makes it a response rate of 7.9%. Members expressed a lack of information in their particular professional area, and lack the skills to retrieve and appraise information. DISCUSSION: The results of the survey are discussed in more detail, giving indications of what the information service should collect, what types of materials should be provided to members and what services should be on offer. RECOMMENDATION: These were developed from the results of the needs analysis and submitted to management for approval. Issues of concern, such as financial constraint and staff constraints are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: There is an opportunity to build a unique collection of clinical research material, which will promote The Institute not only to members, but also to the wider health sector. Members stated that the most physical medical libraries don't provide what they need, but the main finding through the survey and discussions is that it's pointless to set up 'yet another medical library'.     

Information needs at the end of life: a content analysis of one person's story

During the last phase of life, a person may need a variety of information to help her or him cope with dying and death. This article describes the nature of information needed during this stage. A content analysis was done of a book of conversations between a husband who was dying and his wife who is a grief counselor to determine his information needs. Four categories of needs were proposed, including physical, emotional, spiritual, and financial. Information needs germane to each category were identified. More research needs to be done by library and information science professionals to determine the information needs of people who are dying, as well as those of their families and the health professionals who care for them.Death happens in one of four ways. For some people, it arrives suddenly, thus robbing them of the luxury of preparing themselves or their families for this event. For other people, death comes from frailty (e.g., old age, dementia); terminal illness (e.g., cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis); or organ system failure (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) [1]. This slower entrance into the end-of-life phase allows people time to seek information. However, library and information science (LIS) professionals have done very little research on the information needs and information-seeking behavior of people at the end of life. In this article, the author describes a process used to determine the information needs of one person as he passed through the final phase of his life.     

下一代因特网的信息服务：网络信息综合集成服务

1．什么是信息综合集成服务 信息综合集成服务的基础是信息综合集成。所谓信息综合集成，是把信息资源诸要素有机地链接成一个整体的动态过程。这个过程也是优化要素，体系重构的过程。信息综合集成服务将整个动态过程以网络的方式展示给它的用户，使用户能得到动态的、在时间和空间上一致的面向主题的信息服务。集成信息服务只有在网络环境下才能得以实现，用户利用信息综合集成服务时，在前台面对着的将是“一站到位”的计算机界面，而后台则是整体化的信息资源保障体系。 网络信息服务的综合集成是传统的数据库应用在广域网上的扩展，也…     

企业信息活动是情报学及其教育发展的生命线

认为我国现时的情报学研究在介入社会组织的信息实践方面较为被动,而情报学教育的知识传授结构又与信息人才市场的要求严重背离。对此,情报学及其教育的发展应当突破原有的思维框架,从企业信息活动所体现的诸多属性和规律中获得启迪与动力。可见,以企业信息活动作为维系自身可持续发展的生命线,必将有助于提升诸项情报事业价值与地位的社会认同。     

个性化定制服务:图书馆信息服务的创新

个性化定制服务是图书馆信息服务开辟的一个新领域。文章分析了个性化定制服务产生的必然性，并对系统的基本模型、图书馆可借鉴性、应注意的几个问题进行了探讨，提出新信息环境下数字图书馆应及时开发应用个性化定制服务功能，为广大用户提供专业的个性化优质服务。     

A study of clinical questions posed by hospital clinicians.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of complementary research studies on the behaviors of hospital clinicians in asking clinical questions and the relationship between asking of questions, outcome of information searches, and success in problem solving. METHODS: Triangulation in research methods--a combination of mailed questionnaires, interviews, and a randomized controlled study--was employed to provide complementary views of the research problems under study. RESULTS: The survey and interviews found that clinical problems (concerned mainly with therapy and equipment or technology) were expressed as statements rather than questions (average number of concepts = 1.7), that only slightly more than half (higher for doctors) of problems could be solved, and that the majority of clinical questions were not well formed. An educational workshop however improved clinicians' formulation of questions, but the use of structured prompting was found to improve building of hypotheses in the doctors' group without training. The workshop also improved satisfaction with the obtained information and success in problem solving. Nonetheless, for both the experimental and control groups, more structured and complete questions or statements did not mean higher success rates in problem solving or higher satisfaction with obtained information. CONCLUSION: The triangulation methods have gathered complementary evidence to reject the hypothesis that building well-structured clinical questions would mean higher satisfaction with obtained information and higher success in problem solving.     

信息服务与我国信息服务业发展趋势分析

信息服务业作为信息产业的重要组成部分 ,已成为未来的重点发展方向。本文从信息服务业与信息产业的关系及信息服务业的分类出发 ,提出了信息基础设施建设与信息服务发展之间的相互促进作用 ;从硬件信息基础设施和软件信息基础设施两个方面预测了第二次信息化浪潮的到来 ,以及未来信息服务业的大发展 ;并就世界信息服务市场和我国信息服务市场的发展趋势进行了分析和预测     

网络信息服务与传统信息服务比较研究

随着网络信息组织方式的变化。信息服务的方式也在变化。本文对传统信息服务与网络信息服务进行了比较，分析了两者之间的异同，涉及到信息特征、信息载体、组织方式、服务对象、服务内容、服务方式及服务机构等。     

The SPECTRAL project: a training needs analysis for providers of clinical question answering services

Purpose: To characterise the training needs of those providing clinical question answering services (CQAS). Participants: Seventeen specialist UK staff working in CQAS, 21 from general health library UK staff and eight international respondents. Methodology: A literature review examined documented training needs for CQAS staff. A follow‐up questionnaire examined prior training and experience and identified training needs for the surveyed staff. Results/outcomes: Ninety per cent of CQAS staff had worked in health services for 3 years or longer. Training received in preparation for the CQAS role comprised literature searching (including the PRECEPT/ADEPT and cochrane library courses) and critical appraisal. Skills considered ‘essential’ for clinical question answering were ‘literature searching’ (100%), ‘understanding the context of clinical questions’, ‘bibliographic databases’, ‘evidence‐based sources’ and ‘the Internet’ (all 93%). Main training needs for specialist CQAS staff include management and organisation of CQAS and technical skills in interpretation and presentation. Discussion/conclusion: CQAS staff require a formal training programme. Most CQAS staff considered that this should be a mandatory requirement.     

政府信息公开服务：公共图书馆信息服务的新领域

从探讨政府信息公开与公共图书馆服务二者关系出发,指出了目前公共图书馆尚未参与政府信息公开服务的原因。认为公共图书馆的性质及其公共服务职能。决定了公共图书馆是开展政府信息公开服务的最有利场所。提出了公共图书馆参与政府信息公开服务应采取的策略。     

主题网关——创新改善网络信息资源服务模式

针对网络信息资源服务模式下搜索引擎检索效率不高，国内主题网关建设不足的问题，指出协作建设主题网关有利于实现资源共享，降低建设成本，提高资源质量，提高网络信息资源服务效率。主题网关建设的新目标是基于分布式多学科集成的主题网关，它相当于全球公共图书馆的联合目录，这既需要学科专业研究人员与信息资源服务人员共同合作，又需要大量的资源投入，还需要积极探讨主题网关的分布式自动化构建技术。