愤怒特质足球运动员对情绪面孔注意偏向特点的研究

在情绪面孔呈现时间为阈上和阈下2种情况下,探讨高愤怒特质足球运动员是否对负性情绪面孔有注意偏向。方法:根据愤怒特质量表将足球运动员分为高愤怒特质组和低愤怒特质组,采用点探测范式测量其对情绪面孔的注意偏向,记录反应时数据。结果:面孔图片呈现时间为阈上时,高愤怒特质足球运动员对愤怒面孔异侧的反应时显著慢于愤怒面孔同侧的探测刺激,即高愤怒特质运动员出现了对愤怒面孔的注意偏向;而低愤怒特质运动员不同情绪面孔与异侧反应时无显著差异。面孔图片呈现时间为阈下时,高、低愤怒特质运动员不同情绪面孔与异侧反应时无显著差异。结论:只有当情绪面孔呈现时间为阈上时,高愤怒特质运动员才会表现出对愤怒面孔的注意偏向。     

竞赛压力对不同结果期待倾向男子足球运动员状态自信的影响

采用问卷调查和数理统计方法探讨了男子足球运动员的乐观、悲观倾向与运动状态自信的关系以及竞赛压力可能的调节作用.结果表明:(1)乐观倾向、悲观倾向既相对独立又显著相关,在男子运动员个体运动状态自信的变异中,乐观倾向具有保护性作用.悲观倾向具有破坏性作用,比较而言,悲观倾向的消极作用比乐观倾向的保护性作用更强.(2)竞赛压力是结果期待倾向与运动状态自信的显著调节因素,主要作用表现为随着压力水平的增高,乐观倾向对状态自信的保护意义具有增强的趋势.     

"自我谈话"对职业足球运动员愤怒和攻击性行为的影响

探讨自我谈话对我国职业足球运动员愤怒和攻击行为的影响后发现:不同倾向的自我谈话对我国职业足球运动员的愤怒和攻击性具有一定的影响作用,高自我谈话可以有效地调节职业足球运动员的攻击性行为.建议教练员将自我谈话纳入运动员的心理训练计划中,运动员尽可能采用高积极性自我谈话以减少或避免攻击性行为的发生.     

对世界优秀男子足球运动员年龄特征的分析

本文运用文献法和数理统计法,对参加第16 届足球世界杯赛各名次段运动员年龄、位置年龄、主力运动员年龄以及各洲参赛运动员年龄的结构特征加以比较分析,划分了足球项目各位置高水平竞技阶段的时限范围。     

高校高水平足球运动员攻击行为社会认知研究

采用内隐社会认知的实验方法,结合足球比赛的场景,以高校高水平足球运动员为实验组,高校体育学院足球专选学生为对照组,进行了再认和偏好测验。结果显示,高校高水平足球运动员具有内隐攻击性,不同性别,不同技能水平的足球运动员之间在攻击的外显认知上存在较大差异,但内隐认知上几乎不存在差异。     

三种训练方式对男子足球运动员心肺功能的影响

运用长期追踪实验法对足球运动员的一般耐力训练作了研究,探讨了三种训练方式对男子足球运动员心肺功能的影响,试图为足球运动员一般耐力训练提供一种有效的实用方法。     

高原训练对我国优秀男子足球运动员身体机能的影响

目的:探讨男子足球运动员在一个完整高原训练周期内的身体机能变化特征。方法:以11名国家男子足球运动员为研究对象,在高原训练期间各阶段对运动员进行身体机能测试。结果:1)RBC、Hct、Hb氧转运指标在高原训练期间未发生显著性变化;2)BUN与CK会随着运动负荷的增加而逐步增大;3)C值在高原训练期间较为稳定,T与T/C表现出高原训练第1周增大、第2、3周逐渐减小的特征。结论:1)4周高原训练未改变运动员血液携氧能力;2)CK与BUN对运动负荷反映较为敏感,可作为日后进行机能评定的重要指标;3)血睾酮水平受负荷的影响较高原的影响大。     

我国高水平女子足球运动员攻击行为的调查分析

为了了解我国女子足球运动中运动员攻击行为产生的影响因素,采用专家访谈法、文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等研究方法,对我国高水平成年女足运动员进行了调查分析。结果表明：比赛中女足运动员的攻击行为一般不是由单一的因素引起的。在这些因素中任何一种或多种变量受到刺激或加强,都有可能引起运动员的攻击行为,反之,则可以控制或调整攻击行为。     

男子射箭运动员竞赛焦虑状态的研究

通过对男子射箭优秀运动员与非优秀运动员参加全国射箭锦标赛前一周、赛前两天与赛中的竞赛焦虑状态的调查与研究,结果表明:在赛前与赛中优秀运动员的认知焦虑与身体焦虑比非优秀运动员低,且自信心比非优秀运动员高。而进入比赛后,优秀运动员的认知焦虑降低,自信心增高;相反,非优秀运动员的认知焦虑和身体焦虑在比赛开始后增高,自信心降低。造成这一差异的原因主要与运动员对成功的期望、认知水平和竞赛心理调控能力有关。     

我国男子优秀足球运动员个性特征的研究

一、前言运动实践证明:运动员的个性特征是他们掌握技能和使之稳定地、准确地表现出来的必要的心理条件,对运动员更高运动成绩的取得有着重要影响。 1976年在蒙特利尔奥运会上,民主德国一举夺得40枚金牌,一跃成为与美、苏并驾齐驱的世界体育强国。民主德国的成就主要     

The Muslim football player and Ramadan: current challenges

Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic faith characterised by devotional orthopraxy. The actions expected of followers of Islam are closely prescribed in the Qur'an. Muslims understand Ramadan as a mandatory requirement, excused only in the event of illness, infirmity or extremes of age. Due to the increasing popularity of football among Muslims, more and more Muslim football players of all levels make the decision to follow the Ramadan fast while they need to practise and compete. Sports medicine clinicians and scientists have the responsibility to provide them with the knowledge and evidence on how exactly Ramadan fasting impacts on their performance and how to optimise their eating, drinking and sleeping in order to minimise negative effects of their religious practice, should any have been demonstrated. The first International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) study concluded that biochemical, nutritional, subjective well-being and performance variables were not adversely affected in young male national level players who followed Ramadan fasting in a controlled environment. Match performance was however not measured and the study did not include elite level players, leading to the Ramadan consensus meeting in order to answer the remaining questions. The conclusions and recommendations published in this supplement suggest that the best coping strategies will remain individual - as is the choice to fast.     

足球运动员射门技术的心理分析及训练方法

现代足球比赛的对抗越来越激烈,射门技术对比赛的胜负已起到关键的作用,心理因素对足球射门技术的影响很大,特别是在关键性的比赛中,通过对影响足球射门成功时心理状态的分析,加强对足球射门训练方法中心理训练的研究,并提出一些相关的意见和建议。     

大学生业余足球运动员踝关节损伤的调查研究

通过对277名吉首大学普通男性大学生足球运动员急性踝关节运动损伤的流行病学调查,结果显示：大学生足球运动急性踝关节损伤主要发生在比赛中,发生时间主要在上半场15min和下半场15min;发生区域集中在罚球区附近,且以前锋为主,其次为前卫;损伤类型以踝关节韧带损伤中的旋后损伤为主。     

我国u-17女子足球运动员的动作控制能力测试及等级评定

对我国u-17女子青年足球运动员进行动作控制能力相关因素的测定，建立了我国女子青年足球运动员动作控制能力的评定标准，动作控制能力可以作为中高级运动员选材和训练发展潜力的独立评价因子。     

论足球反赌的刑法规制

足球赌球现象的存在不仅危及到体育竞争的公平性,更危及社会整体的管理秩序甚至殃及在校青少年.人们价值观和行为模式的错位、竞技体育采用计划经济体制下的管理模式与运行机制、刑法规制不足等是足球赌球事件频发的主要原因.扩大赌博罪的主体范围,提升赌博罪的刑罚幅度,增设非法操控比赛结果罪是足球反赌的必要刑法之举.     

The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport

Emotions experienced before and during sports competition have been found to influence sports performance. Emotion regulation is defined as the automatic or deliberate use of strategies to initiate, maintain, modify or display emotions (Gross & Thompson, 2007) and is proposed to occur when a discrepancy exists between current and desired emotions. Two distinct motivations to regulate emotion - hedonic and instrumental (in short, for pleasure or for purpose) - have been proposed (Tamir, 2009). The instrumental approach might provide a more fruitful area of investigation for sports researchers as some athletes hold beliefs that supposedly pleasant emotions such as happiness and calmness associate with poor performance and supposedly unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and anger associate with good performance (Hanin, 2010). Athletes are more likely to try to regulate an emotion if they believe that doing so will facilitate performance. Strategies that encourage re-appraisal of factors that trigger emotions are proposed to be preferable. In this British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) expert statement, a summary of the key theoretical issues are offered leading to evidence-based recommendations for practitioners and researchers.     

Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player

In soccer, the players perform intermittent work. Despite the players performing low-intensity activities for more than 70% of the game, heart rate and body temperature measurements suggest that the average oxygen uptake for elite soccer players is around 70% of maximum (VO(2max). This may be partly explained by the 150 - 250 brief intense actions a top-class player performs during a game, which also indicates that the rates of creatine phosphate (CP) utilization and glycolysis are frequently high during a game. Muscle glycogen is probably the most important substrate for energy production, and fatigue towards the end of a game may be related to depletion of glycogen in some muscle fibres. Blood free-fatty acids (FFAs) increase progressively during a game, partly compensating for the progressive lowering of muscle glycogen. Fatigue also occurs temporarily during matches, but it is still unclear what causes the reduced ability to perform maximally. There are major individual differences in the physical demands of players during a game related to physical capacity and tactical role in the team. These differences should be taken into account when planning the training and nutritional strategies of top-class players, who require a significant energy intake during a week.     

Elite football on artificial turf versus natural grass: movement patterns, technical standards, and player impressions

The aim of the present study was to examine the movement patterns, ball skills, and the impressions of Swedish elite football players during competitive games on artificial turf and natural grass. Time - motion analyses (36 observations) and technical analyses (16 team observations) were performed and 72 male and 21 female players completed a questionnaire. No differences were observed between artificial turf and natural grass in terms of total distance covered (mean 10.19 km, s = 0.19 vs. 10.33 km, s = 0.23), high-intensity running (1.86 km, s = 0.10 vs. 1.87 km, s = 0.14), number of sprints (21, s = 1 vs. 22, s = 2), standing tackles (10, s = 1 vs. 11, s = 1) or headers per game (8, s = 1 vs. 8, s = 1), whereas there were fewer sliding tackles (P < 0.05) on artificial turf than natural grass (2.1, s = 0.5 vs. 4.3, s = 0.6). There were more short passes (218, s = 14 vs. 167, s = 12) and midfield-to-midfield passes (148, s = 11 vs. 107, s = 8) (both P < 0.05) on artificial turf than natural grass. On a scale of 0-10, where 0 = "better than", 5 = "equal to", and 10 = "worse than", the male players reported a negative overall impression (8.3, s = 0.2), poorer ball control (7.3, s = 0.3), and greater physical effort (7.2, s = 0.2) on artificial turf than natural grass. In conclusion, the running activities and technical standard were similar during games on artificial turf and natural grass. However, fewer sliding tackles and more short passes were performed during games on artificial turf. The observed change in playing style could partly explain the male players' negative impression of artificial turf.     

The effects of fantasy football participation on NFL consumption: A qualitative analysis

The growth of fantasy sports into a multi-billion dollar industry has made it an important component of the sports industry. Sport leagues must acknowledge the impact fantasy sports have on the way its participants consume their sport. This study examines the impact of fantasy football on the consumption of NFL-related products and services using an adapted version of the attitude/behavior model developed [Fazio, R. H., Powell, M. C., & Herr, P. M. (1983). Toward a process model of the attitude–behavior relation: Accessing one's attitude upon mere observation of the attitude object. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(4), 723–735]. Using qualitative methods, the data indicate that fantasy football participants utilized various media sources, specifically the Internet, television, cellular telephones, and a variety of print media, at much higher levels as a result of their interest and participation in fantasy football. Further, contrary to previous literature on fan loyalty, team and player outcomes were found to alter perceptions towards a favorite team or a fantasy team.     

"The fouled player should not take the penalty himself": an empirical investigation of an old German football myth

In this study, we investigate the old German football myth that the fouled player should not take the resulting penalty himself, as he is at an increased risk of missing. Previous analyses are improved on as we adjust for potential confounders that might influence self-taking as well as successful penalty conversion. Our findings reveal some important predictors for self-taking but, somewhat surprisingly, neither self-taking nor any of the potential confounders predicts scoring a penalty kick.