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Is Overimitation a Uniquely Human Phenomenon? Insights From Human Children as Compared to Bonobos
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Imitation is a key mechanism of human culture and underlies many of the intricacies of human social life, including rituals and social norms. Compared to other animals, humans appear to be special in their readiness to copy novel actions as well as those that are visibly causally irrelevant. This study directly compared the imitative behavior of human children to that of bonobos, our understudied great ape relatives. During an action‐copying task involving visibly causally irrelevant actions, only 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children (N = 77) readily copied, whereas no bonobo from a large sample did (N = 46). These results highlight the distinctive nature of the human cultural capacity and contribute important insights into the development and evolution of human cultural behaviors. 相似文献
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Social transmission of behavior can be realized through distinct mechanisms. Research on primate social learning typically
distinguishes two forms of information that a learner can extract from a demonstrator: copying actions (defined as imitation)
or copying only the consequential results (defined as emulation). We propose a decomposition of these learning mechanisms
(plus pure individual learning) that incorporates the core idea that social learning can be represented as a search for an
optimal behavior that is constrained by different kinds of information. We illustrate our approach with an individual-based
model in which individuals solve tasks in abstract “spaces” that represent behavioral actions, results, and benefits of those
results. Depending on the learning mechanisms at their disposal, individuals have differential access to the information conveyed
in these spaces. We show how different classes of tasks may provide distinct advantages to individuals with different learning
mechanisms and discuss how our approach contributes to current empirical and theoretical research on social learning and culture. 相似文献
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Ken Scott Tennie Sanders-McBryde 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(2):146-149
ABSTRACTThe American Association of Community Colleges has determined over 40% of the population attending a post-secondary institution is enrolled in a two-year community college. The majority of this student population could be described as nontraditional, including first-generation students, underrepresented populations, and single parents working full or part-time jobs while attending classes. This student population is more likely to experience stress and anxiety, increasing their need for mental health services. Despite this demonstrated need, there has been little research conducted on two-year community college campuses relating to mental health services. The purpose of this article is to discuss the need for research on mental health needs and services at two-year community colleges. 相似文献
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