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1.
Manfred Novak 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2007,6(1):33-35
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
2.
Dr. Johannes Bauer Dr. Uta Diercks Prof. Dr. Jan Retelsdorf Dr. Tabea Kauper Dr. Friederike Zimmermann Prof. Dr. Olaf K?ller Dr. Jens M?ller Prof. Dr. Manfred Prenzel 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2011,14(4):629-649
The Bologna Process of higher education reform has led to a vast array of different programs of study in German teacher training. In this article, we firstly analyze the implementation of Bachelor programs in teacher training, comparing profession-oriented programs (i.e. those aiming to train students for the teaching profession from the beginning of studies) to polyvalent programs (i.e. those aiming at broad qualifications and including a late decision to become a teacher). Secondly, we investigate whether students enrolled in these study programs differ systematically in their subjective certainty about their career choice. To answer these questions, we analyze portfolios of documents related to teacher training programs from nine German universities that prepare students for teaching in the academic track. Additionally, we analyze data from N?=?2585 Bachelor and N?=?928 Master degree students. We found that most programs, even when they espouse polyvalence, require an early decision to become a teacher. Moreover, our data confirm findings from earlier studies indicating that student teachers are highly certain about their career choice from the very beginning, with students in polyvalent programs being slightly less certain than those in profession-oriented programs (d?=?0.32). 相似文献
3.
Manfred Novak 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2011,10(6):231-237
Die ministerielle Aufsichtskompetenz über das Organhandeln an Universit?ten hat im Zuge des Ausbaus der universit?ren Selbstverwaltung, seit dem UOG 1993, eine ma?gebliche Stellenwert?nderung erfahren. Diese beschr?nkt sich nicht auf die formale Zurücknahme der ministeriellen Aufsicht auf eine reine Rechtsaufsicht, sondern ist auch im inhaltlichen Konnex mit der vom UG intendierten neuen Selbstverantwortung der Universit?ten, bei Aufgabenerfüllung und Bestellungsakten, zu sehen. Dabei l?sst sich, hinsichtlich Gehalt und Selbstverst?ndnis ministerieller Verantwortung über die Universit?ten, im intentionalen Wechselspiel von Rücknahmepostulat und Determinierungswillen, eine nicht unbetr?chtliche Unbestimmtheit zwischen ministeriellem K?nnen, Wollen und Sollen bemerken. 相似文献
4.
Manfred Wu 《课程研究杂志》2016,48(3):346-366
This article explores the implications of Hegel’s theories of language on second language (L2) teaching. Three among the various concepts in Hegel’s theories of language are selected. They are the crucial role of intersubjectivity; the primacy of the spoken over the written form; and the importance of the training of form or grammar. Applying these three concepts to L2 teaching results in several recommendations. Firstly, there should be more emphases of the goal of L2 learning as achieving intersubjectivity. Secondly, the teaching of spoken language should precede the written form. Thirdly, in L2 instruction, the teaching of forms, or rules of grammar or mechanical practices, should be treated as another major goal. The final recommendation is that culture learning is essential. 相似文献
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Catherine B. Woods Kevin Volf Liam Kelly Blthín Casey Peter Gelius Sven Messing Sarah Forberger Jeroen Lakerveld Joanna Zukowska Enrique García Bengoechea PEN consortium 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(3):263-276
BackgroundDespite the well-established health benefits of physical activity (PA) for young people (aged 4–19 years), most do not meet PA guidelines. Policies that support PA in schools may be promising, but their impact on PA behavior is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA.MethodsThis systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Six databases were searched using key concepts of policy, school, evaluation, and PA. Following title and abstract screening of 2323 studies, 25 progressed to data synthesis. Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools, and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes: positive, negative, inconclusive, or untested statistically.ResultsEvidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school setting. These were whole school PA policy, physical education, sport/extracurricular PA, classroom-based PA, active breaks/recess, physical environment, shared use agreements, active school transport, and surveillance. The bulk of the evidence was significantly positive (54%), 27% was inconclusive, 9% was significantly negative, and 11% was untested (due to rounding, some numbers add to 99% or 101%). Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting (41%), 34% in the secondary setting, and 24% in primary/secondary combined school settings. By policy area, frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA (35%), 17% for physical education, and 12% for whole school PA policy, with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported (2%). Comparing relative strength of evidence, the evidence for shared use agreements, though sparse, was 100% positive, while 60% of the evidence for whole school PA policy, 59% of the evidence for sport/extracurricular PA, 57% of the evidence for physical education, 50% of the evidence for PA in classroom, and 50% of the evidence for active breaks/recess were positive.ConclusionThe current evidence base supports the effectiveness of PA policy actions within the school setting but cautions against a “one-size-fits-all” approach and emphasizes the need to examine policy implementation to maximize translation into practice. Greater clarity regarding terminology, measurement, and methods for evaluation of policy interventions is needed. 相似文献
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Xiaorong Huang Manfred Kerber Michael Kohlhase Erica Melis Dan Nesmith J?rn Richts und J?rg Siekmann 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1996,11(1):20-26
Zusammenfassung.
Die Beweisentwicklungsumgebung -Mkrpsoll
Mathematiker bei einer ihrer
Hauptt?tigkeiten, n?mlich dem Beweisen mathematischer Theoreme
unterstützen. Diese Unterstützung mu? so komfortabel sein,
da? die
rechnergestützte Suche nach formalen Beweisen leichter und insbesondere
weniger aufwendig ist, als ohne das System. Dazu mu? die verwendete
Objektsprache ausdrucksstark sein, man mu? die M?glichkeit haben, abstrakt
über Beweispl?ne zu reden, die gefundenen Beweise müssen in einer am
Menschen orientierte Form pr?sentiert werden und vor allem mu? eine
effiziente Unterstützung beim Füllen von Beweislücken zur Verfügung
stehen. Das im folgenden vorgestellte $\Omega$-Mkrp-System ist
der Versuch einer
Synthese der Ans?tze des vollautomatischen, des interaktiven und des
planbasierten Beweisens. Dieser Artikel soll eine übersicht über unsere
Arbeit an diesem System geben.
Eingegangen am 24. Juni 1994 / Angenommen am 3. November 1995 相似文献
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