Nonformal learning and well-being among older adults: Links between participation in Swedish study circles,feelings of well-being and social aspects of learning

ABSTRACT

How does participation in nonformal learning influence the self-perceived well-being among older adults? This article looks into that issue through a study of people aged 65 years or older who have participated in Swedish study circles. The data analyzed consists of a nation-wide survey of study circle participants. The results show that there are beneficial effects from participating in study circles for the well-being of older adults. As could be expected, participants claim that their knowledge and skills have increased; but the main finding is the importance of the social dimension of participating in nonformal learning activities. The fellowship created in study circles is both an important motive for participation and an important outcome of having participated. This, however, is not at the expense of gaining new knowledge. Rather, the two dimensions may strengthen each other. Nonformal settings appear to provide an environment that has positive effects on the well-being of older adults. They do this by fostering a sense of belonging and the opportunity to be part of a fellowship that may work as an aid in avoiding social isolation and loneliness.     

古汉语诗词英译中的意象问题浅析

卡特弗德在《翻译的语言学理论》(1965)一书中提出了从语言的角度对翻译理论进行研究的观点。他认为,翻译等值是翻译实践的核心。但是,对于文学作品的翻译,尤其是诗歌的翻译,则不能过分地强调意义对等而舍弃毒语的文化意象。     

Dimensions of test performance in English as a foreign language in different European settings: a two-level confirmatory factor analytical approach

The present study explored data from a survey of students’ performance in English at the end of compulsory school in 6 European countries. The aim was to gain deeper knowledge of the internal structure of the test and to discuss similarities and differences between the different settings regarding patterns in language proficiency. The analyses, conducted by a factor analytic approach and 2-level structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques, indicated an overall English achievement factor at both student and school levels. Furthermore, an effect of format differences at the student level, constituted by a factor related to tasks demanding constructed response, was found. Three correlated modality factors related to listening, linguistic, and reading skills were identified but not further elaborated on as they improved the model only modestly. Considerable differences in between-school variation were found in the different settings. The results are discussed in relation to the instrument, student achievements, and the state of English in the participating countries.     

浅谈初等代数与高等代数

本文从大学新生的角度,通过作者对初等代数和高等代数的认识由浅入深的过程回顾,具体生动地总结出自己的学习感悟:初等代数是解决具体的问题,高等代数则是将方程扩大到一般化,用特定方法解决所有一次方程.初等数学到高等数学是一个从特殊到一般的过程.     

Expounding on physics: a phenomenographic study of physicists talking of their physics

Physicists and physics students have been studied with respect to the variation in the ways they expound on their topic of research and a physics problem, respectively. A phenomenographic approach has been employed; six fourth‐year physics students and 10 teacher‐researcher physicists at various stages of their careers have been interviewed. Four qualitatively distinct ways of expounding on physics have been identified, constituting an outcome space where there is a successive shift towards coherent structure and multiple referent domains. The interviewed person is characterized as expressing an ‘object of knowledge’, and the interviewer is characterized as a willing and active listener who is trying to make sense of it, constituting a ‘knowledge object’ out of the ideas expressed and personal experience. Pedagogical situations of analogous character to the interviewer–interviewee discussions are considered in the light of the analysis, focusing on the affordances for learning offered by the different forms of exposition.     

女大学生自我接纳和人际关系的相关研究

本研究运用问卷测验、深入访谈法二相结合，调查研究了大学生自我表现接纳的现状，自我接纳和人际关系之间的相关，并进行了性别和年级差异的比较，分析了影响女大学生自我接纳的因素。结果表明：1.在自我接纳各量表尺度上，存在着一定的性别和年级差异。和男大学生相比，女大学生更接纳、同时更不排斥成功的、有优点的自己，更排斥失败的、有缺点的自己。从年级状况来看，一、四年级自我接纳程度相对较高，二、三年级相对较低，三年级是自我接纳的低谷。女大学生自我接纳的过程经过：自我夸大阶段、自我降值阶段和初步的自我接纳三个阶段。2.人际关系即一个人对人的态度及和父母、老师、朋友之间的关系，它是影响女大学生自我接纳的十分重要的一个因素。3.影响女大学生自我接纳的主要因素有：成长路上成败的经历及对此的看法和行为上的反应；来自父母、老师、朋友的态度和评价；一个人精神上的独立性和主见。     

非饮食干预条件下耐力运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血压、血脂的影响

对19名单纯性肥胖儿童及20名正常健康少年儿童进行了血压、血脂(TC:用酶反应试剂药盒测定,TG:乙酰丙酮微量测定法)检测,并对19名单纯性肥胖儿童进行了8周的耐力训练(训练中未对受试者提出低盐、低脂的饮食要求).结果表明:单纯性肥胖儿童血压明显高于正常儿童,血脂代谢紊乱.非饮食干预条件下的耐力训练后,肥胖儿童血清中TG含量下降,HDL-C显著上升,血脂代谢紊乱得到缓解,同时血压有明显下降.且从众多因素的分析中,我们发现,TG与SBP( r=0.32) 、DBP(r=0.22)呈正相关,而ApoAI与SBP( r=-0.19) 、DBP(r=-0.20)呈负相关,提示单纯性肥胖儿童的高血压与其血脂代谢紊乱有关.非饮食干预条件下的耐力训练有助于降低肥胖儿童的血压、血脂.     

Playful hyper responsibility: toward a dislocation of parents’ responsibility?

Over the past 10–15?years, state-funded schools have begun to require parents to assume an undefined and infinite personal responsibility. In this article, we investigate how schools organize responsibility games to respond to this challenge and how these games affect the concept of responsibility. We point to a dislocation in the way parents are assigned responsibility, because the definition of responsibility is not only a question of formulating rules or providing advice. We argue that what emerges is a kind of playful hyper responsibility that identifies responsibility as the participation in a process of public exploration by parents of the definition of their specific responsibilities. This has several consequences, one of which is that it becomes difficult to have a political discussion about what can reasonably be expected of parents.     

试析建筑工程施工项目管理中的成本控制

建筑市场的竞争形势愈加激烈,建筑施工企业想要在激烈的竞争环境中突出自己的竞争优势,具体良好的成本管理是其中一个非常重要的因素.针对建筑施工项目管理中影响建筑工程项目成本的因素做一些浅析,并结合作者多年在企业中实际完成的一些项目成本控制经验提出若干建议.