Bologna in Context: a horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites for a Europe of Knowledge

This article presents a horizontal perspective on the dynamics of governance sites currently active for the European of Knowledge and places the Bologna process in this wider European level context. It introduces two dynamics of change in political organisation: a) institutional differentiation and specialisation and b) the interaction between institutional spheres and sectors. Signs of sectoral differentiation are identified in the history of European integration that is relevant to the Europe of Knowledge. The argument is that the nature and sequence of the differentiation process are key to understand current governance processes. It is illustrated by showing how a horizontal dynamics has been played out in the case of the EU's Lisbon strategy and in particular the cooperation taking place in the framework of the EU's “Education and Training 2010” work programme. The analysis shows how the Bologna process, although perpetuated as a sector internal governance site, has co-evolved and interacted with this strategy, partly as an object of emulation and source of support and partly as a competing governance site. A horizontal dynamics of change is also evident in the larger Lisbon strategy as it lifted research and higher education policy to the centre of the European integration project. It resulted in the development of several governance sites with different foci targeting European higher education. A more prominent place on the political agenda came together with demands that research and education should be integrated with the overall political and economic objectives of the EU.     

普通高校开展休闲运动的现状调查与分析

以广州地区12所普通高校的173名体育教师和管理人员为研究对象,运用文献法和问卷法等研究方法,从认知、影响因素、“俱乐部型”教学模式等几个方面入手,对普通高校开展休闲运动的现状进行了调查与分析。     

夏季奥运会财政主要来源分析

采用献资料研究方法对奥运会筹资手段进行了分析。结果表明，销售门票、发行纪念邮票、纪念币、体育彩票、转让电视转播权和商业赞助活动是筹集奥运会资金的有效途径，应综合运用。     

Social capital,human capital and parent–child relation quality: interacting for children’s educational achievement?

We analyse the utility of social capital for children’s achievement, and if this utility interacts with family human capital and the quality of the parent-child relationship. Our focus is on parental activities directly related to children’s school work. Our data stem from a Swedish cohort born in 1953 and consist of both survey and register data. We find that parents with more human capital tended to offer their children more social capital. OLS regressions showed that, when present, social capital was directly related to children’s grades and its utility for achievement did not depend on parents’ human capital. The utility of social capital was enhanced when combined with a very good parent-child relation.     

Happy objects,happy men? Affect and materiality in vocational training

This article investigates the prevailing social inertia of vocational training. Previous research indicates that gendered social norms contribute to sustaining gender segregation. Few studies, however, have paid attention to how the interplay of emotional and material factors impact on gender norms in vocational training. The article builds on an ethnographic study in a Swedish upper-secondary educational programme traditionally dominated by masculinity norms, namely the Building and Construction programme. Employing Sara Ahmed's notion of happy objects, the article centres on vocational students' expressed joy in the practical work and shows how joy contributes to sustaining and challenging dominant masculinity patterns. Though students enjoyed practical work, the study indicates that a particular version of happiness was normalised which ruled out non-heterosexual and female students. The article suggests that further studies of social inertia in vocational training need to account for the interconnectedness of the emotional, material, and corporeal dimensions of gender.     

Learning to argue as a biotechnologist: disprivileging opposition to genetically modified food

In the public discussion of genetically modified (GM) food the representations of science as a social good, conducted in the public interest to solve major problems are being subjected to intense scrutiny and questioning. Scientists working in these areas have been seen to struggle for the position of science in society. However few in situ studies of how the debate about science appears in learning situations at the university level have been undertaken. In the present study an introductory course in biotechnology was observed during one semester, lectures and small group supervision concerning GM food were videotaped and student’s reports on the issue were collected. The ethnographic approach to Discourse analysis was conducted by means of a set of carefully selected and representative observations of how a group of students learn to argue and appropriate views held in the Discourse they are enculturated into. While socio-scientific issues (SSIs) are often associated with achieving scientific literacy in terms of “informed decisions” involving “rational thought and Discourse” this study shows that SSI in practice, in the context studied here, is primarily concerned with using scientific language to privilege professional understandings of GMOs and discredit public worries and concerns. Scientific claims were privileged over ethical, economical and political claims which were either made irrelevant or rebutted. The students were seen to appropriate a Discourse model held in the biotechnological community that public opposition towards GMO is due to “insufficient knowledge”. The present study offers insights into biotechnology students’ decision making regarding socio-scientific issues, while also demonstrating the utility of Discourse analysis for understanding learning in this university context. Implications for reflection on the institutional Discourse of science and teaching of controversial issues in science are drawn and the study contributes to the investigation of claims of scientific literacy coupled to SSIs and argumentation     

新时代中职教师评价体系存在的问题与改进措施

新时代教育强国战略的实施,离不开高质量教师队伍建设,而教师评价体系则是教师队伍建设的重要组成部分。立足新时代中职学校发展机遇,针对中等职业教育教师评价中存在评价难度大、学生评教公正性有待提升、高级职称教师动力不足、难以全面而准确地评价教师工作等问题,该文认为应基于教师专业标准、教考分离、教师评价奖励体系和活动体系,建立教师荣誉评价体系,完善组织机制、明确评审要求与积分机制,注重教师评价的正向引领与持续激励。     

提高课堂教学的关键策略

教学过程是教与学的过程,教师和学生都起着重要的作用。良好的师生关系、合理的教学内容以及好的课堂效果是教学过程的关键。     

有机铝水解制备亚微米高纯氧化铝

综述国内外高纯氧化铝的开发动向,介绍铵明矾热解法、碳酸铵铝石热解法、有机铝水解热解法、拜耳法等工艺和应用,介绍有机铝水解制备亚微米高纯氧化铝特色,该工艺中需用的醇可从醇铝水解中回收,并可作重复使用,得到α-Al₂O₃具有高松密度和相对均匀的粒度,平均粒径0.5-0.06μm,纯度99.99%。     

如何调整成教女生在跨栏学习中的焦虑状态

跨栏跑是田径技术教学中难度较大的项目之一,对学生的力量、速度、协调、柔韧,心理等素质都要求较高。函授专科女生鉴于自身条件在学习该项目时易产生畏惧心理,教师对这种状态既要高度重视又要想办法调整,以减轻学生在学习时的心理压力,提高教学质量。